Diagram of the total enrolled patients.

<p>(A) acute deterioration with chronic liver disease (enrolled patients) (N = 1470); (B) CLD patients without prior history of decompensation (N = 1021); (C) cirrhotic patients regardless of prior history of decompensation (N = 1352); (D) ACLF development according to the AARC definition (N = 140); (E) ACLF development according to the CLIF-C definition (N = 274); (F) ACLF development according to the AARC and CLIF-C definitions (N = 74). Abbreviations: CLD, chronic liver disease; ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; AARC, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ACLF Research Consortium; CLIF-C, Chronic liver failure consortium</p

Twenty-eight- and 90-day mortality of patients with ACLF.

<p>(A) AARC definition, (B) CLIF-C definition. *One hundred sixty-three patients were lost to follow up. Abbreviations: AARC, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ACLF Research Consortium; CLIF-C, Chronic liver failure consortium</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to the time of ACLF development.

<p>(A) AARC definition, (B) CLIF-C definition. Abbreviations: ACLF, Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AARC, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ACLF Research Consortium; CLIF-C, Chronic liver failure consortium</p

Twenty-eight- and 90-day mortality.

<p>(A) According to the presence of cirrhosis (*15 of patients without LC and 148 patients with LC were lost to follow-up) and (B) according to the presence of ACLF (**138 of patients without ACLF and 31 patients with ACLF were lost to follow-up). Abbreviations: LC, liver cirrhosis; ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure</p

Flow chart of the KACLiF study.

<p>Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; KACLiF, Korean acute-on-chronic liver failure.</p

Ninety-day survival curves according to previous acute decompensation.

<p>(A) Without previous AD vs. with previous AD and (B) without previous AD vs. AD more than 1 year prior vs. AD within 1 year. Abbreviation: AD, acute decompensation</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to the definition of ACLF.

<p>(A) 28-day survival and (B) 90-day survival. Abbreviations: ACLF, Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AARC, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ACLF Research Consortium; CLIF-C, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of ACLF according to the definition of organ failure (liver failure as a prerequisite vs. extra-hepatic organ failure).

<p>(A) 28-day and (B) 90-day survival according to liver failure as defined by the AARC definition, (C) 28-day and (D) 90-day survival according to bilirubin level. Abbreviations: ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; AARC, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ACLF Research Consortium</p