Integration of artificial intelligence and precision oncology in Latin America

Next-generation medicine encompasses different concepts related to healthcare models and technological developments. In Latin America and the Caribbean, healthcare systems are quite different between countries, and cancer control is known to be insufficient and inefficient considering socioeconomically discrepancies. Despite advancements in knowledge about the biology of different oncological diseases, the disease remains a challenge in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for clinicians and researchers. With the development of molecular biology, better diagnosis methods, and therapeutic tools in the last years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become important, because it could improve different clinical scenarios: predicting clinically relevant parameters, cancer diagnosis, cancer research, and accelerating the growth of personalized medicine. The incorporation of AI represents an important challenge in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for clinicians and researchers in cancer care. Therefore, some studies about AI in Latin America and the Caribbean are being conducted with the aim to improve the performance of AI in those countries. This review introduces AI in cancer care in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the advantages and promising results that it has shown in this socio-demographic context

La escuela pensada desde el pluralismo a favor de una cultura de paz

El presente artículo, de resultado de una investigación, tiene como propósito analizar los conceptos de violencia y de paz, aplicados a la diversidad religiosa y la educación religiosa escolar, de donde se sustrajo lo siguiente: en primer lugar, la diversidad religiosa y el diálogo interreligioso, como realidades presentes en la formación religiosa, se vienen abordando desde un enfoque exclusivista, inclusivista y pluralista, conforme los intereses institucionales de quienes la imparten. En segundo lugar, las religiones e iglesias pueden ser promotoras de violencia cuando fomenta actos discriminatorios, y de paz, cuando se crean escenarios para el diálogo abierto, crítico, argumentativo, respetuoso y tolerante, situación que debe tenerse en cuenta en toda formación religiosa. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, la diversidad religiosa y el diálogo interreligioso siguen siendo una necesidad formativa y una disposición para la configuración de una sociedad justa y fraterna, el cual exige pluralizar el discurso en toda la estructura curricular. Es así como el presente artículo resultado de investigación amparado bajo el paradigma mixto con una dominancia cualitativa y complementación cuantitativa desde la tipología de estudio de caso, con enfoque hermenéutico, desde una perspectiva temporal transeccional, se vale de encuestas, grupos focales y revisión bibliográfica y documental, con el fin de presentar, como último resultado, una propuesta de diseño curricular para algunos programas universitarios. Por lo tanto conllevó hacer un estudio detallado en los colegios y universidades a docentes y estudiantes de la catedra de Educación Religiosa, de los cuales se trabajó con las tres categorías: diversidad religiosa, educación religiosa y educación para la paz

CropPol: a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions. Here, we present CropPol, a dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination. It contains measurements recorded from 202 crop studies, covering 3,394 field observations, 2,552 yield measurements (i.e. berry weight, number of fruits and kg per hectare, among others), and 47,752 insect records from 48 commercial crops distributed around the globe. CropPol comprises 32 of the 87 leading global crops and commodities that are pollinator dependent. Malus domestica is the most represented crop (32 studies), followed by Brassica napus (22 studies), Vaccinium corymbosum (13 studies), and Citrullus lanatus (12 studies). The most abundant pollinator guilds recorded are honey bees (34.22% counts), bumblebees (19.19%), flies other than Syrphidae and Bombyliidae (13.18%), other wild bees (13.13%), beetles (10.97%), Syrphidae (4.87%), and Bombyliidae (0.05%). Locations comprise 34 countries distributed among Europe (76 studies), Northern America (60), Latin America and the Caribbean (29), Asia (20), Oceania (10), and Africa (7). Sampling spans three decades and is concentrated on 2001-05 (21 studies), 2006-10 (40), 2011-15 (88), and 2016-20 (50). This is the most comprehensive open global data set on measurements of crop flower visitors, crop pollinators and pollination to date, and we encourage researchers to add more datasets to this database in the future. This data set is released for non-commercial use only. Credits should be given to this paper (i.e., proper citation), and the products generated with this database should be shared under the same license terms (CC BY-NC-SA). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Enfermedades crónicas

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y relación con el control metabólico en pacientes con DM2Aluminio en pacientes con terapia de reemplazo renal crónico con hemodiálisis en Bogotá, ColombiaAmputación de extremidades inferiores: ¿están aumentando las tasas?Consumo de edulcorantes artificiales en jóvenes universitariosCómo crecen niños normales de 2 años que son sobrepeso a los 7 añosDiagnóstico con enfoque territorial de salud cardiovascular en la Región MetropolitanaEfecto a corto plazo de una intervención con ejercicio físico, en niños con sobrepesoEfectos de la cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con síndrome metabólico e IMC < 35 KG/M2Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en estudiantes de profesiones de saludEnfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: Consecuencias sociales-sanitarias de comunidades rurales en ChileEpidemiología de las muertes hospitalarias por patologías relacionadas a muerte encefálica, Chile 2003-2007Estado nutricional y conductas alimentarias en adolescentes de 4º medio de la Región de CoquimboEstudio de calidad de vida en una muestra del plan piloto para hepatitis CEvaluación del proceso asistencial y de resultados de salud del GES de diabetes mellitus 2Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población universitaria de la Facsal, universidad de TarapacáImplicancias psicosociales en la génesis, evolución y tratamiento de pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencialInfarto agudo al miocardio (IAM): Realidad en el Hospital de Puerto Natales, 2009-2010Introducción de nuevas TIC y mejoría de la asistencia a un programa de saludNiños obesos atendidos en el Cesfam de Puerto Natales y su entorno familiarPerfil de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en Río de JaneiroPerfil del paciente primo-consultante del Programa de Salud Cardiovascular, Consultorio Cordillera Andina, Los AndesPrevalencia de automedicación en mujeres beneficiarias del Hospital Comunitario de Til-TiPrevalencia de caries en población preescolar y su relación con malnutrición por excesoPrevalencia de retinopatía diabética en comunas dependientes del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente (SSMOC)Problemas de adherencia farmacológica antihipertensiva en población mapuche: Un estudio cualitativoRol biológico de los antioxidantes innatos en pacientes portadores de VIH/SidaSobrepeso en empleados de un restaurante de una universidad pública del estado de São Paul

Antropología nutricional, seguridad alimentaria y economía en hogares de pescadores tradicionales colombianos. Un estudio comparado de comunidades costeras y de humedales

La inseguridad alimentaria de pescadores tradicionales colombianos se ha acentuado por pertenecer a zonas rurales alejadas, a minorías étnicas, a hogares grandes en economías pobres y con infraestructura deficiente. Más del 80% de los hogares de pescadores estudiados de la costa pacífica (El Valle y Jurubidá) y humedales de la Ciénaga de Ayapel, se autopercibieron en inseguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, los hijos menores de 10 años de pescadores de humedales han acumulado más casos de desnutrición que los de la costa pacífica.Handitu egin da Kolonbiako ohiko arrantzaleen elikagai-ziurtasun falta. Honako hauek dira arrazoi nagusiak: urruneko landa-eskualdeetan bizitzea, gutxiengo etnikoetako kide izatea, eta ekonomia pobreetako eta azpiegitura gutxiko familia handietako kide izatea. Ozeano Pazifiko kostan (El Valle eta Jurubidá) eta Ayapel-eko zingirako hezeguneetan aztertutako familia arrantzaleetatik % 80 baino gehiagok esan zuten elikagai-ziurtasun falta jasaten zutela. Halere, hezeguneetako arrantzaleen 10 urtez beheko haurrek desnutrizio-kasu gehiago ageri dituzte, Pazifikoko kostakoek baino.L'insécurité alimentaire des pêcheurs traditionnels colombiens s'est accentuée à cause de leur appartenance à des zones rurales éloignées, à minorités ethniques, à grands foyers pauvres et avec une infrastructure déficiente. Plus du 80% des foyers de pêcheurs étudiés sur la côte pacifique (El Valle et Jurubidá) et les zones humides de la Ciénaga de Ayapel, souffrent d'une insécurité alimentaire. Néanmoins, les enfants de moins de 10 ans des pêcheurs des zones humides ont accumulé plus de cas de malnutrition que ceux de la côte pacifique.Food insecurity in Colombian traditional fishermen is increased because of their belonging to large households in remote rural areas, and living in poor economies of ethnic minorities, with little access to investment and facilities. In this study, over 80% of fishermen households from the Pacific coast (El Valle and Jurubidá) and wetlands of Ayapel view themselves living in food insecurity. However, under 10 year children from fishermen households have accumulated more cases of malnutrition in wetlands than those in the Pacific Coast

La escuela pensada desde el pluralismo a favor de una cultura de paz

The present research result article has the purpose to analyze the concepts of violence and peace, applied to the religious diversity and religious school education, from which the following was subtracted: first, religious diversity and interreligious dialogue, such as actual realities in religious formation, they have been addressing from an exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism approach, according to the institutional interests of those who teach. Second, religions and churches can be promoters of violence when they encourage discriminatory, and peace acts, when places are created for open, critical, argumentative, respectful and tolerant dialogue, situation that should be taken into account during the the religious education. Finally, third, religious diversity and interreligious dialogue remains a formative need and a disposition to build a fair and fraternal society, it demands to pluralize the speech in all the curricular structure. Thus, this article is the result of research based on mixed paradigm with qualitative dominance and quantitative complementation from the case study typology, with a hermeneutic approach, from a transectional time perspective, using surveys, focus groups and bibliographic and documentary review, in order to present, as a final result, a curricular design proposal for some university programs. This led to make a detailed study in high schools and universities to teachers and students of the professorship of Religious Education, of which were worked with the three categories: religious diversity, religious education and education for peace.El presente artículo, de resultado de una investigación, tiene como propósito analizar los conceptos de violencia y de paz, aplicados a la diversidad religiosa y la educación religiosa escolar, de donde se sustrajo lo siguiente: en primer lugar, la diversidad religiosa y el diálogo interreligioso, como realidades presentes en la formación religiosa, se vienen abordando desde un enfoque exclusivista, inclusivista y pluralista, conforme los intereses institucionales de quienes la imparten. En segundo lugar, las religiones e iglesias pueden ser promotoras de violencia cuando fomenta actos discriminatorios, y de paz, cuando se crean escenarios para el diálogo abierto, crítico, argumentativo, respetuoso y tolerante, situación que debe tenerse en cuenta en toda formación religiosa. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, la diversidad religiosa y el diálogo interreligioso siguen siendo una necesidad formativa y una disposición para la configuración de una sociedad justa y fraterna, el cual exige pluralizar el discurso en toda la estructura curricular. Es así como el presente artículo resultado de investigación amparado bajo el paradigma mixto con una dominancia cualitativa y complementación cuantitativa desde la tipología de estudio de caso, con enfoque hermenéutico, desde una perspectiva temporal transeccional, se vale de encuestas, grupos focales y revisión bibliográfica y documental, con el fin de presentar, como último resultado, una propuesta de diseño curricular para algunos programas universitarios. Por lo tanto conllevó hacer un estudio detallado en los colegios y universidades a docentes y estudiantes de la catedra de Educación Religiosa, de los cuales se trabajó con las tres categorías: diversidad religiosa, educación religiosa y educación para la paz

Temporally Generalizable Land Cover Classification: A Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network Unveils Major Coastal Change through Time

The ability to accurately classify land cover in periods before appropriate training and validation data exist is a critical step towards understanding subtle long-term impacts of climate change. These trends cannot be properly understood and distinguished from individual disturbance events or decadal cycles using only a decade or less of data. Understanding these long-term changes in low lying coastal areas, home to a huge proportion of the global population, is of particular importance. Relatively simple deep learning models that extract representative spatiotemporal patterns can lead to major improvements in temporal generalizability. To provide insight into major changes in low lying coastal areas, our study (1) developed a recurrent convolutional neural network that incorporates spectral, spatial, and temporal contexts for predicting land cover class, (2) evaluated this model across time and space and compared this model to conventional Random Forest and Support Vector Machine methods as well as other deep learning approaches, and (3) applied this model to classify land cover across 20 years of Landsat 5 data in the low-lying coastal plain of North Carolina, USA. We observed striking changes related to sea level rise that support evidence on a smaller scale of agricultural land and forests transitioning into wetlands and “ghost forests”. This work demonstrates that recurrent convolutional neural networks should be considered when a model is needed that can generalize across time and that they can help uncover important trends necessary for understanding and responding to climate change in vulnerable coastal regions

Bispecific Antibodies in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Novel Response to an Old Question

Immunotherapy has redefined the treatment of cancer patients and it is constantly generating new advances and approaches. Among the multiple options of immunotherapy, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) represent a novel thoughtful approach. These drugs integrate the action of the immune system in a strategy to redirect the activation of innate and adaptive immunity toward specific antigens and specific tumor locations. Here we discussed some basic aspects of the design and function of bsAbs, their main challenges and the state-of-the-art of these molecules in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies and future perspectives

Molecular Tumor Board Improves Outcomes for Hispanic Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

PURPOSEMultidisciplinary molecular tumor boards (MTBs) decode complex genomic data into clinical recommendations. Although MTBs are well-established in the oncology practice in developed countries, this strategy needs to be better explored in developing countries. Herein, we describe the possible benefits and limitations of the first MTB established in Colombia.METHODSDemographic, clinical, and genomic information was collected between August 2020 and November 2021. By mid-2020, an MTB strategy was created to discuss clinical cases with one or more genomic alterations identified by next-generation sequencing using an open-access virtual platform. We characterized the patient population as benefiting from the recommended treatment option. We assessed the benefits and access to available targeted therapies that have the potential to change clinical management by making recommendations to treating oncologists on the basis of genomic profiling. However, we did not assess the treatment oncologists' compliance with MTB recommendations because they were not intended to replace clinical judgment/standard of care.RESULTSA total of 146 patients were included in the discussions of the MTB. The median age was 59 years, and 59.6% were women. Genomic results prompting a change in therapeutic decisions were obtained in 53.1% of patients (95% CI, 44.9 to 61.3). The most prevalent malignancy was non–small-cell lung cancer (51%). Other malignancies represented 60%, 50%, and 30% of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas, brain tumors, and breast cancer, respectively.CONCLUSIONUsing an open-access virtual platform, MTBs were feasible in low- and middle-income countries on the basis of the capability to provide the benefits and access to available targeted therapies that are not standard of care. Furthermore, MTB recommendations were made available to the treating oncologist in different locations across Colombia, providing the option to modify clinical management in most of these patients

Mechanisms of Resistance to First-Line Osimertinib in Hispanic Patients With EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (FRESTON-CLICaP)

Osimertinib is a third generation EGFR-TKI inhibitor approved in the first-line setting for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, it represents the treatment of choice in patients who present with T790M mutations and evidence of relapse of the disease. Effectiveness and safety of this drug have been studied in multiple clinical trials and observational studies, however, information regarding outcomes among Hispanic patients treated with Osimertinib is scarce. The objective of this study was to examine real-world effectiveness and safety of first-line Osimertinib in a cohort of Hispanic patients with NSCLC, emphasizing post-progression outcomes