Pragmatics of the coronavirus discourse (based on internet news articles about coronavirus)

The article considers the problem of pragmatic characteristics of the COVID-19 discourse. It reveals and characterizes the main strategies and tactics of this type of communication. The lack of attention to the coronavirus discourse shown by linguists must be explained by an absolute novelty of this communicative and social phenomenon, its recent introduction into our communicative world. Just a few works on the problems of coronavirus communication can be found in linguistics and other social sciences. They sporadically concentrate on some issues concerning the coronavirus discourse without providing its overall pragmalinguistic or any other structure. Therefore, the relevance of our research aiming at finding and characterizing the communicative strategies and tactics of the coronavirus discourse is beyond argument. While the term “speech/communicative strategy” implies a person’s or people’s overall communicative behavior intended to achieve some goal, a speech tactic involves a particular technique used to achieve a certain goal. The object of our analysis is internet news articles about coronavirus (top news feeds in most popular search engines such as Google, Yahoo, MSN, Bing, AltaVista, etc.). Our choice of the object is predetermined by the highest degree of popularity of internet news articles among the population as well as their high pragmatic potential. The article shows that the system of strategies and tactics depends on a particular type of the COVID-19 discourse (statistical, socially oriented, and popular science discourse). Thus, the statistical discourse is characterized by just a few tactics (the generalizing tactics, the specifying tactics, etc.) which represent the strategy of fast reporting. The popular science discourse with its leading strategy of education is not exuberant in tactics either. This type of discourse is characterized by the tactics of presentation, argumentation, definition, etc. as there is no need to use a lot of tactical techniques to popularize objective knowledge. The only type of the COVID-19 discourse which has developed a welldisposed system of tactics is the socially oriented discourse (the tactics of showing care, shocking by statistics, direct recommendation, positive or negative forecasting, etc.), which is predetermined by the specific character of its main strategy of persuasion. A combination of several tactics in one context is a common feature of any type of the COVID-19 discourse

Potential for Development of an Escherichia coli—Based Biosensor for Assessing Bioavailable Methionine: A Review

Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals and is typically considered one of the first limiting amino acids in animal feed formulations. Methionine deficiency or excess in animal diets can lead to sub-optimal animal performance and increased environmental pollution, which necessitates its accurate quantification and proper dosage in animal rations. Animal bioassays are the current industry standard to quantify methionine bioavailability. However, animal-based assays are not only time consuming, but expensive and are becoming more scrutinized by governmental regulations. In addition, a variety of artifacts can hinder the variability and time efficacy of these assays. Microbiological assays, which are based on a microbial response to external supplementation of a particular nutrient such as methionine, appear to be attractive potential alternatives to the already established standards. They are rapid and inexpensive in vitro assays which are characterized with relatively accurate and consistent estimation of digestible methionine in feeds and feed ingredients. The current review discusses the potential to develop Escherichia coli-based microbial biosensors for methionine bioavailability quantification. Methionine biosynthesis and regulation pathways are overviewed in relation to genetic manipulation required for the generation of a respective methionine auxotroph that could be practical for a routine bioassay. A prospective utilization of Escherichia coli methionine biosensor would allow for inexpensive and rapid methionine quantification and ultimately enable timely assessment of nutritional profiles of feedstuffs

Dairy goat breeding in Russia and the world (review)

The situation of the development of dairy goat breeding in the world and in Russia is considered. Interest in goat milk as an object of functional nutrition is noted. The history of dairy goat breeding in Russia is described. It is shown that this country does not have a single domestic breed of dairy or meat goats. It is emphasized that the majority of dairy goats in the Russian Federation are local outbreed goats, but many territories are interested in purebred breeding and have favorable conditions for the development of goat breeding. The research materials were the results of a generalization of the experience of foreign and domestic goat breeders. Alpine, Nubian and Czech goat breeds have been identified as promising. These breeds are still rare for the country and characterized by high productivity. It is important to carry out selective work and have state support for the development of the industry. Despite the good prospects for the development of industrial dairy goat breeding, the basis will be farms and personal households in the near future. It is advisable to create associations of goat breeders at regional levels, as well as at the all-Russian level with international relations, for training farm specialists and all interested goat breeders in techniques for breeding work, technology for keeping and feeding animals, which will help to increase their professional level and develop the industry in general

Multifunctionality of rapeseed meal protein isolates prepared by sequential isoelectric precipitation

Rapeseed meal is a by-product of the oil-producing industry with a currently underesti-mated application. Two protein isolates, PI2.5–8.5 or PI10.5–2.5, were obtained from industrial rapeseed meal after treatment with an aqueous ethanol solution. The alkaline-extracted proteins were sequen-tially precipitated by two different modes, from pH 10.5 to 2.5, and vice versa, from 2.5 to 8.5, with a step of 1 pH unit. The preparation approach influenced both the functional and antioxidant properties of the isolates. The PI10.5–2.5 exhibited higher water and oil absorption capacities than PI2.5–8.5, reaching 2.68 g H2O/g sample and 2.36 g oil/g sample, respectively. The emulsion stability of the PI2.5–8.5, evaluated after heating at 80 °C, was either 100% or close to 100% for all pH values studied (from 2 to 10), except for pH 6 where it reached 93.87%. For the PI10.5–2.5, decreases in the emulsion stability were observed at pH 8 (85.71%) and pH 10 (53.15%). In the entire concentration range, the PI10.5–2.5 exhibited a higher scavenging ability on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals than PI2.5–8.5 as evaluated by DPPH and 2-deoxyribose assays, respectively. At the highest concentration studied, 1.0%, the neutralization of DPPH radicals by PI10.5–2 reached half of that exhibited by synthetic antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (82.65%). At the same concentration, the inhibition of hydroxyl radicals by PI10.5–2 (71.25%) was close to that achieved by mannitol (75.62%), which was used as a positive control. Established antioxidant capacities add value to the protein isolates that can thus be used as both emulsifiers and antioxidants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A two-step factorial design for optimization of protein extraction from industrial rapeseed meal after ethanol-assisted reduction of antinutrients

Rapeseed meal is a by-product of oil production with relatively high antinutrient content which limits its application in both feed and food industries. A two-step procedure, including two-level full factorial and central composite designs, was used to assess the influence of five factors namely pH (6 and 12), temperature (20 and 40 degrees C), NaCl concentration (0 and 7.5%), rapeseed meal concentration (2.5 and 5%), and extraction longevity (15 and 60 min) on protein extraction from industrial rapeseed meal subjected to ethanol-assisted reduction of antinutrients. Data demonstrated that pH and its interaction with NaCl influenced protein extractability the most. While still significant, individual effects of NaCl, extraction longevity, temperature and its interaction with pH had a less significant effect on protein yield. Overall. higher protein yields were obtained in response to combining high pH values with low NaCl concentrations, and high pH values with high temperatures. The highest protein yield (59.56 +/- 1.29%) was achieved after extraction of 5% ethanol-treated rapeseed meal at pH 12 with no NaCl addition, at 40 degrees C and extraction longevity of 60 min. A second-order polynomial model for protein yield prediction was generated. The adequacy of the model was verified by coefficient of determination and residual analyses. A high correlation between experimentally obtained and predicted protein yields (R-2 = 0.95) was established. Since extraction conditions are strong determinants of protein characteristics, the predictive model generated in the present work is useful for the selection of factor combinations, which allows for the achievement of optimal protein yield of a product with desired techno-functional properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Freeze and freeze drying applied as preservation processes of melon peel

info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

Enhanced solubility of rapeseed meal protein isolates prepared by sequential isoelectric precipitation

The solubility of plant protein isolates is a key determinant of their potential application. Two protein isolates (PI) from ethanol-treated industrial rapeseed meal, PI10.5–2.5 and PI2.5–8.5, were prepared by sequential isoelectric precipitation of alkali-extracted proteins (pH 12) starting from pH 10.5 to 2.5 or from pH 2.5 to 8.5, respectively. Biochemical analyses revealed that PI2.5–8.5 contained a higher amount of crude protein (72.84%) than PI10.5–2.5 (68.67%). In the same protein isolate, the level of total phenols (0.71%) was almost two-fold higher than that in PI10.5–2.5 (0.42%). No glucosinolates were established in both protein isolates. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that PI10.5–2.5 contained 10 to 15 kDa protein fractions in a relatively higher amount, while PI2.5–8.5 was enriched in 18 to 29 kDa protein fractions. PI10.5–2.5 exhibited high solubility, varying from 41.74% at pH 4.5 to 65.13% at pH 6.5, while PI2.5–8.5 was almost two-fold less soluble under the same conditions. Up to pH 5.5, the addition of NaCl at 0.03 and 0.25 M diminished the solubility of PI2.5–8.5, while the solubility of PI10.5–2.5 was increased. The supplementation of PI10.5–2.5 with 0.25 M NaCl enhanced the protein solubility to 56.11% at pH 4.5 and 94.26% at pH 6.5. The addition of 0.03 M NaCl also increased the solubility of this protein isolate but to a lower extent. Overall, the approach for sequential precipitation of proteins influenced the biochemical characteristics, protein fractional profile and solubility of prepared protein isolates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pathogen Sensors

The development of sensors for detecting foodborne pathogens has been motivated by the need to produce safe foods and to provide better healthcare. However, in the more recent times, these needs have been expanded to encompass issues relating to biosecurity, detection of plant and soil pathogens, microbial communities, and the environment. The range of technologies that currently flood the sensor market encompass PCR and microarray-based methods, an assortment of optical sensors (including bioluminescence and fluorescence), in addition to biosensor-based approaches that include piezoelectric, potentiometric, amperometric, and conductometric sensors to name a few. More recently, nanosensors have come into limelight, as a more sensitive and portable alternative, with some commercial success. However, key issues affecting the sensor community is the lack of standardization of the testing protocols and portability, among other desirable elements, which include timeliness, cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, sensitivity and specificity. [...

Финансовые взаимосвязи сценарных индикаторов бюджетного прогнозирования с показателями федерального бюджета России

The realism of the scenario indicators used in the formation of the federal budget of the Russian Federation in the context of the special significance of the budgetary mechanism for the adaptation of the national economy to global challenges becomes of particular importance while maintaining internal and external sanctions risks. The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the forecast values of scenario macroeconomic indicators that determine the key characteristics of the Russian federal budget in the current budget cycle, and to develop proposals for clarifying the composition and concretizing approaches to their forecasting for the medium term in conditions of increased uncertainty. The study is based on an abstract-logical method, including a critical analysis of the predictive values of macro-indicators adopted as the basis for the parameters of the federal budget of the Russian Federation in 2023 and the planned period of 2024 and 2025 (using the level of consumer prices and the exchange rate of the ruble as an example), establishing causal relationships between the reliability of projected budget parameters at the federal level and the state of the Russian economy, identifying possible directions for the development of approaches to forecasting initial indicators for the preparation of the federal budget. In particular, the article suggests that in the forecasting of basic scenario parameters to detail the accounting for the dynamics of world prices, the real effective exchange rate of the ruble, to optimize the selection of exchange rate factors, and to take into account the variability of exchange rate volatility. The author’s developments presented in the article contribute to the efficiency of the execution of the federal budget in terms of the use of its resources, and therefore can be used in the activities of state authorities in the development of budget policy. Реалистичность сценарных показателей, используемых при формировании федерального бюджета Российской Федерации в контексте особой значимости бюджетного механизма для адаптации национальной экономики к глобальным вызовам, приобретает особое значение при сохранении внутренних и внешних санкционных рисков. Цель настоящего исследования —  оценка обоснованности прогнозных значений сценарных макроэкономических показателей, определяющих ключевые характеристики федерального бюджета России в текущем бюджетном цикле, и разработка предложений по уточнению состава и конкретизации подходов к их прогнозированию на среднесрочный период в условиях повышенной неопределенности. В основу исследования положен абстрактно-логический метод, включающий критический анализ прогнозных значений макроиндикаторов, принятых в качестве базы параметров федерального бюджета Российской Федерации в 2023 г. и плановом периоде 2024 и 2025 гг. (на примере уровня потребительских цен и валютного курса рубля), установление причинно-следственных связей между достоверностью проектируемых бюджетных параметров на федеральном уровне и состоянием российской экономики, выявление возможных направлений развития подходов прогнозирования исходных индикаторов для составления федерального бюджета. В частности, в статье предлагается при прогнозировании базовых сценарных параметров детализировать учет динамики мировых цен, реального эффективного курса рубля, оптимизировать отбор курсообразующих факторов, учитывать вариативность курсовой волатильности. Представленные в статье авторские разработки способствуют эффективности исполнения федерального бюджета и могут быть использованы в деятельности государственных органов власти при разработке бюджетной политики

Region in the international economic cooperation system

The paper presents aspects of contents, types and forms of international cooperation ties and its impact on the region economic development. The concept of the region kernel cooperative interaction is provided and the scope for the Republic of Tatarstan region is defined. The Republic of Tatarstan existing system of external economic ties, peculiarities of its dynamics in recent decades are analyzed and growth prospects estimation of international region production cooperation are given. © IDOSI Publications, 2013