(In)visibility and resistance: Clandestine citizenships and transnational migrant activism

Las migraciones, inscritas en las relaciones de poder, a menudo implican procesos de resistencia que pivotan alrededor de importantes asuntos sociales y políticos como son los derechos de ciudadanía, residencia o movilidad. Estas luchas se manifiestan en acciones contra centros de detención o por la despenalización de actividades de subsistencia. Conceptualizados como no ciudadanos por determinados discursos institucionales y mediáticos, los migrantes irregularizados mantienen una relación conflictiva con su propia (in)visibilidad, que se torna estratégica al materializarse en procesos de resistencia no exentos de riesgos y tensiones. Las luchas de los sanspapiers de finales de los noventa en Francia o las más recientes de los manteros en España dan buena cuenta de ello. En este contexto, la batalla por la ciudadanía trasciende el ámbito legal para buscar reconocimiento como sujeto político capaz de ejercer sus derechos sin necesidad de que le sean otorgados. Desde esta perspectiva, los migrantes indocumentados deben ser considerados como sujetos que, a través de la apropiación de prácticas de ciudadanía, visibilizan el papel que juegan dentro del mercado laboral y de las dinámicas de reproducción social. Estas ciudadanías migrantes demuestran que la ciudadanía no es solo un dispositivo de gobernanza, exclusión y diferenciación, sino que puede derivar en procesos de creación de identidades y modos de pertenencia, a la vez que ayudar a replantear y superar el marco del estado-nación como único posible para su administraciónMigrations, as part of power relations, often involve resistance processes linked to important social and political issues such as citizenship, residence or movement rights. These struggles become apparent in acts against detention centres, claims for regularisation or campaigns for decriminalization of subsistence activities. Framed as non citizens, irregularized migrants keep a problematic relationship with their own (in)visibility, which becomes strategic when they get involved in resistance processes. The struggles of the sanspapiers in France in the late 90s and the more recent of street sellers in Spain are good examples. In this context, struggles around citizenship go beyond legal considerations to be situated in the pursuit of recognition as a political subject able to exercise their rights even when they have not been granted them. Thus, undocumented migrants should be considered as subjects whose acts are able to render visible the role they play within the labour market and the very dynamics of social reproduction. This migrant citizenships show that citizenship is not just a governance, exclusion and differentiation device, but also that could be thought as a process leading to the creation of identities and different forms of belonging, while helping rethink and go beyond nation-state as the only framework to manage i

The mRNA degradation factor Xrn1 regulates transcription elongation in parallel to Ccr4

Co-transcriptional imprinting of mRNA by Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and by the Ccr4–Not complex conditions its posttranscriptional fate. In turn, mRNA degradation factors like Xrn1 are able to influence RNAPII-dependent transcription, making a feedback loop that contributes to mRNA homeostasis. In this work, we have used repressible yeast GAL genes to perform accurate measurements of transcription and mRNA degradation in a set of mutants. This genetic analysis uncovered a link from mRNA decay to transcription elongation. We combined this experimental approach with computational multi-agent modelling and tested different possibilities of Xrn1 and Ccr4 action in gene transcription. This double strategy brought us to conclude that both Xrn1-decaysome and Ccr4–Not regulate RNAPII elongation, and that they do it in parallel. We validated this conclusion measuring TFIIS genome-wide recruitment to elongating RNAPII. We found that xrn1Δ and ccr4Δ exhibited very different patterns of TFIIS versus RNAPII occupancy, which confirmed their distinct role in controlling transcription elongation. We also found that the relative influence of Xrn1 and Ccr4 is different in the genes encoding ribosomal proteins as compared to the rest of the genome

Fluctuations and Instabilities of Ferromagnetic Domain Wall pairs in an External Magnetic Field

Soliton excitations and their stability in anisotropic quasi-1D ferromagnets are analyzed analytically. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the lowest lying topological excitations are shown to be either soliton-soliton or soliton-antisoliton pairs. In ferromagnetic samples of macro- or mesoscopic size, these configurations correspond to twisted or untwisted pairs of Bloch walls. It is shown that the fluctuations around these configurations are governed by the same set of operators. The soliton-antisoliton pair has exactly one unstable mode and thus represents a critical nucleus for thermally activated magnetization reversal in effectively one-dimensional systems. The soliton-soliton pair is stable for small external fields but becomes unstable for large magnetic fields. From the detailed expression of this instability threshold and an analysis of nonlocal demagnetizing effects it is shown that the relative chirality of domain walls can be detected experimentally in thin ferromagnetic films. The static properties of the present model are equivalent to those of a nonlinear sigma-model with anisotropies. In the limit of large hard-axis anisotropy the model reduces to a double sine-Gordon model.Comment: 15 pages RevTex 3.0 (twocolumn), 9 figures available on request, to appear in Phys Rev B, Dec (1994

Real-Time Context-Aware Microservice Architecture for Predictive Analytics and Smart Decision-Making

The impressive evolution of the Internet of Things and the great amount of data flowing through the systems provide us with an inspiring scenario for Big Data analytics and advantageous real-time context-aware predictions and smart decision-making. However, this requires a scalable system for constant streaming processing, also provided with the ability of decision-making and action taking based on the performed predictions. This paper aims at proposing a scalable architecture to provide real-time context-aware actions based on predictive streaming processing of data as an evolution of a previously provided event-driven service-oriented architecture which already permitted the context-aware detection and notification of relevant data. For this purpose, we have defined and implemented a microservice-based architecture which provides real-time context-aware actions based on predictive streaming processing of data. As a result, our architecture has been enhanced twofold: on the one hand, the architecture has been supplied with reliable predictions through the use of predictive analytics and complex event processing techniques, which permit the notification of relevant context-aware information ahead of time. On the other, it has been refactored towards a microservice architecture pattern, highly improving its maintenance and evolution. The architecture performance has been evaluated with an air quality case study

La Justicia Procedimental Imperfecta de John Rawls, en la Conciencia Jurídica Material de Alf Ross

La inacabada justicia procedimental imperfecta planteada por John Rawls sobre los jueces, puede proyectarse hacia la conciencia jurídica material de Alf Ross si tomamos en consideración al juez como institución y ciudadano cuando aplica la ley en la población que juzga. La teoría de la justicia de John Rawls sólo considera al juzgador como representante de una institución social como lo es el Poder Judicial, pero nosotros sostenemos que debe aplicársele también como ciudadano los principios de la justicia del filósofo norteamericano cuando ejerce su función jurisdiccional como institución, debido a que desde una perspectiva más amplia la teoría de la función jurisdiccional desarrollada por el jurista escandinavo Alf Ross indica que los fallos emitidos por un juzgador no sólo contienen la normatividad jurídica, sino que llevan implícita su propia personalidad, de ahí su trascendencia e importancia social

La Teoría Criminalística en la Individualización de la Pena

The article briefly approaches some questions on the main penal theories that they turn around the determination of the penalty in the sentenced ones of codified legal systems, being jurisdictional processes, among them, the theory of the danger of Cesar Lombroso. The tendency of these criminal policies at international level (not only in Latin America) consists of replacing within the penal scope, the theories of danger by those of culpability. In our consideration, this criminal policy leaves to a side the victim, mainly in those where cruelty and the violence are presents in the commission of the crime

La protección jurídica de las personas vulnerables

Este artículo es resultado de una investigación cuyo objetivo central fue la identificación de los grupos vulnerables. A partir de su más adecuada conceptualización, nos propusimos realizar una aproximación teórica a los mecanismos jurídicos pertinentes para su protección eficaz. El método crítico-valorativo nos sirvió para identificar el estado de la cuestión; posteriormente, el método heurístico fue herramienta valiosa para llevar a cabo el ejercicio taxonómico que nos llevó a identificar los grupos vulnerables vulnerados y proponer algunos procedimientos jurisdiccionales encaminados a la defensa eficaz de sus derechos. Las conclusiones a que arribamos dan cuenta de la urgencia que tenemos en México y Latinoamérica por contar con instrumentos jurídicos -de jurisdicción constitucional- para hacer viable la protección de los vulnerables vulnerado