Two-Year Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Infants: Follow-Up of the OPTIMIST-A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: The long-term effects of surfactant administration via a thin catheter (minimally invasive surfactant therapy [MIST]) in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome remain to be definitively clarified. / Objective: To examine the effect of MIST on death or neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) at 2 years' corrected age. / Design, Setting, and Participants: Follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial with blinding of clinicians and outcome assessors conducted in 33 tertiary-level neonatal intensive care units in 11 countries. The trial included 486 infants with a gestational age of 25 to 28 weeks supported with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Collection of follow-up data at 2 years' corrected age was completed on December 9, 2022. / Interventions: Infants assigned to MIST (n = 242) received exogenous surfactant (200 mg/kg poractant alfa) via a thin catheter; those assigned to the control group (n = 244) received sham treatment. / Main Outcomes and Measures: The key secondary outcome of death or moderate to severe NDD was assessed at 2 years' corrected age. Other secondary outcomes included components of this composite outcome, as well as hospitalizations for respiratory illness and parent-reported wheezing or breathing difficulty in the first 2 years. / Results: Among the 486 infants randomized, 453 had follow-up data available (median gestation, 27.3 weeks; 228 females [50.3%]); data on the key secondary outcome were available in 434 infants. Death or NDD occurred in 78 infants (36.3%) in the MIST group and 79 (36.1%) in the control group (risk difference, 0% [95% CI, -7.6% to 7.7%]; relative risk [RR], 1.0 [95% CI, 0.81-1.24]); components of this outcome did not differ significantly between groups. Secondary respiratory outcomes favored the MIST group. Hospitalization with respiratory illness occurred in 49 infants (25.1%) in the MIST group vs 78 (38.2%) in the control group (RR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.81]) and parent-reported wheezing or breathing difficulty in 73 (40.6%) vs 104 (53.6%), respectively (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63-0.90]). / Conclusions and Relevance: In this follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome supported with CPAP, MIST compared with sham treatment did not reduce the incidence of death or NDD by 2 years of age. However, infants who received MIST had lower rates of adverse respiratory outcomes during their first 2 years of life. / Trial Registration: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12611000916943

Loss of C2orf69 defines a fatal autoinflammatory syndrome in humans and zebrafish that evokes a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy

Summary Human C2orf69 is an evolutionarily conserved gene whose function is unknown. Here, we report eight unrelated families from which 20 children presented with a fatal syndrome consisting of severe autoinflammation and progredient leukoencephalopathy with recurrent seizures; 12 of these subjects, whose DNA was available, segregated homozygous loss-of-function C2orf69 variants. C2ORF69 bears homology to esterase enzymes, and orthologs can be found in most eukaryotic genomes, including that of unicellular phytoplankton. We found that endogenous C2ORF69 (1) is loosely bound to mitochondria, (2) affects mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative respiration in cultured neurons, and (3) controls the levels of the glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) consistent with a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy. We show that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of zebrafish C2orf69 results in lethality by 8 months of age due to spontaneous epileptic seizures, which is preceded by persistent brain inflammation. Collectively, our results delineate an autoinflammatory Mendelian disorder of C2orf69 deficiency that disrupts the development/homeostasis of the immune and central nervous systems

The effect of entrepreneurial traits on career planning in food processing enterprises

Economic, social, and technological changes create new demands and opportunities for people\u27s jobs. Entrepreneurship is one way to deal with these demands and take advantage of new opportunities. Career planning assists an individual in becoming aware of various career options, including entrepreneurial intent. Even if they have all of the necessary resources, not everyone wants to start a new business. Some people have specific entrepreneurial characteristics that motivate them to pursue a career investing in new businesses. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of individuals\u27 entrepreneurial traits on their career planning. The survey technique was used to collect data from 305 randomly selected employees of food processing enterprises operating in Konya, in Turkey. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and linear regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial traits influence individuals\u27 career planning. This result suggests that both individuals\u27 entrepreneurial traits should be enhanced, and they should be encouraged to pursue a career in starting a new business

The impact of industry 4.0 strategy on the work-life balance of employees

The era of Industry 4.0 has been creating new opportunities for the employees, like having more flexible and spare time. It has changed their work-life balance, like spending more time for the need to learn new concepts and skills. This quantitatively designed research aimed to investigate the impact of firms’ Industry 4.0 strategy on their work-life balance in manufacturing enterprises. The survey technique was used to collect 425 valid survey data from randomly selected employees working in the manufacturing enterprises operating in Konya in Turkey. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modeling path analysis technique. Results displayed that there was a negative and weak relationship between firms’ Industry 4.0 strategy and work-life balance (R2 = - 0.04; p \u3c0.05). Findings suggested that firms’ Industry 4.0 strategy is not fully recognized by the employees. It can be said that employees are mainly concerned with their personal lives and suppose that Industry 4.0 technologies will negatively affect their future at the workplace. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge employees about Industry 4.0 technologies. Management needs to empower employees by providing training to gain them new skills to cope with the requirements of the digital transformation

The impact of industry 4.0 strategy on the work-life balance of employees

The era of Industry 4.0 has been creating new opportunities for the employees, like having more flexible and spare time. It has changed their work-life balance, like spending more time for the need to learn new concepts and skills. This quantitatively designed research aimed to investigate the impact of firms’ Industry 4.0 strategy on their work-life balance in manufacturing enterprises. The survey technique was used to collect 425 valid survey data from randomly selected employees working in the manufacturing enterprises operating in Konya in Turkey. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, structural equation modeling path analysis technique. Results displayed that there was a negative and weak relationship between firms’ Industry 4.0 strategy and work-life balance (R2 = - 0.04; p \u3c0.05). Findings suggested that firms’ Industry 4.0 strategy is not fully recognized by the employees. It can be said that employees are mainly concerned with their personal lives and suppose that Industry 4.0 technologies will negatively affect their future at the workplace. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge employees about Industry 4.0 technologies. Management needs to empower employees by providing training to gain them new skills to cope with the requirements of the digital transformation

Impact of management polyphony in family business: A review

The link between family and family-owned enterprise has persisted for generations within the framework of family, ownership, management, and business. Family-owned companies are created in order to generate revenue and preserve the family\u27s tradition. With the proper management strategy, family businesses can survive and be passed down to future generations. In family businesses, the founders and family member managers are the only ones who carry out main management tasks including planning, organizing, coordinating, leading, supervising, and controlling. Management polyphony can happen in a family-owned firm when more than one family member is designated as the manager. Although managerial polyphony may be viewed as a source of organizational transformation in well-managed circumstances, it may also be one of the primary causes of conflict in a family-owned business. This paper discussed theoretically the concept of management polyphony in family-owned firms

Assessment of industry 4.0 on manufacturing enterprises: Demographic perspective

Industry 4.0, described as the new and advanced way of digitalization of the industries, that undoubtedly affects both businesses and the competitive environment. The preparations of the businesses to adapt this new era is vitally important in terms of competitiveness. In this perspective; this research study is aimed to examine the impact level of Industry 4.0 according to the demographic changes of manufacturing enterprises. The survey technique was used as a data collection tool and 387 valid surveys were obtained from the employees of the industrial enterprises in the city of Konya in Turkey. Theoretical model and hypotheses were tested by descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests applied for comparison of demographic differences

Personnel relationships in the workplace

Contemporary organizations become more dynamic and complicated. Resources like building, machinery, culture, and people form the organization foundations. Human capital, as a core factor, directly or indirectly affects organizational outcomes. Some scholars have recently touched on relationships and some aspects of workplace relationships in the organization. But, detailed studies are required to focus on workplace relationships typology, domains of workplace relationships, the process of nurturing and maintaining relationships, and the effects of workplace relationships on organizational outcomes. In order to address the mentioned gap, a literature review method was employed to trace the typology of workplace relationships, in the organization. Underlying dimensions of different workplace relationship, including formal and informal, personal and professional, peer, supervisor- subordinate, and mentor relationship are studied. The study also reviews the formation process and sustaining of workplace relationships in the organization. Results implication by the managers organizes relationships in the workplace. The typology enables managers to differentiate prevailed relationships in flat and hierarchical organizations. Determinant of relationship helps management to lead employee’s behavior in the right direction. The relationship process provides opportunities to enhance employee satisfaction