Alterações do teor de nitrogênio na folha e pecíolo, na produção e composição da uva pela adubação nitrogenada em videiras no Planalto do Rio Grande do Sul.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar como a aplicação de N afeta o seu teor na folha inteira e pecíolo, usados para a recomendação de N à videira no RS e SC, e sobre a produção e composição da uva.bitstream/CNPUV/10104/1/cot087.pd

Copper uptake, accumulation and physiological changes in adult grapevines in response to excess copper in soil.

Publicada online em 24 de setembro

Soil phosphorus fractions in a sandy typic hapludaft as affected by phosphorus fertilization and grapevine cultivation period.

The purpose of this study was to quantify the phosphorus (P) fractions in phosphate-fertilized sandy soils under grapevines. Soil was sampled from a grassland site and two vineyards (13 and 31 years old) in the State Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and 20-40 cm deep. The samples were prepared and P fractions were assessed by chemical fractionation. Phosphate fertilization of the vineyard soils increased P contents to a depth of 40 cm, especially in the more recalcitrant fractions but detectable in the more labile fractions as well, which are plant available and may increase the risk of environmental contamination. Phosphate fertilizers and the period of grapevine cultivation had little effect on the levels of organic P forms, whereas cover crops in vineyards could be an appropriate strategy to increase or maintain the levels of soil organic matter and the levels of organic P over the years

The Latin American Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Registry: report 2019

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Latin America (LA) continues to represent a challenge due to the burden of disease it causes and the difficulty in accessing treatment. LA has a total population of 652 million people living in 20 countries that occupy an area of 19.2 million km2. The Latin American Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Registry (LADRTR), founded in 1991, has collected data and reports on patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) since 1993. This article summarizes the registry data for 2019. Methods Participating countries complete an annual survey collecting aggregated data on incident and prevalent patients on KRT in all modalities. The different treatment modalities considered were hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and living functioning kidney graft (LFG). National gross domestic product per capita (GDP, expressed in US dollars) and life expectancy at birth (LEB) corresponding to the year 2019 were collected from the World Bank Data Bank. Prevalence and incidence were compared with previous years and were also correlated with GDP and LEB. Results On 31 December 2019 a total of 432 610 patients were in KRT in LA, corresponding to an overall unadjusted prevalence of 866 per million population (pmp). Regarding treatment modality, 66.7% of the prevalent patients were treated with HD and 9.3% with PD while 24% of the patients had an LFG. A total of 85 224 patients started KRT in LA, representing a total unadjusted incidence rate of 168 pmp. Diabetic nephropathy as a cause of CKD continues to be a relevant percentage (36%) and five countries reported CKD of nontraditional causes. The kidney transplant rate in the region was 22 pmp, varying from 1 to >60 pmp. The total prevalence of KRT correlated positively with GDP per capita (r2 = 0.6, P < 0.01) and LEB (r2 = 0.23, P < 0.05). The overall incidence rate also significantly correlated with GDP (r2 = 0.307, P < 0.05). The overall unadjusted mortality rate was 13%. Conclusion Accessibility to KRT is still limited in LA. It is necessary to continue the efforts made by each country and the Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension to guarantee equal access to treatment

Fontes orgânicas de nutrientes em sistemas de produção de batata.

Nos últimos anos, diminuiu muito o número de bataticultores na região da Quarta Colônia, no centro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), devido ao elevado risco econômico na produção da batata. A partir de uma demanda da Associação dos Produtores de Batata da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul (ASBAT), foram instalados experimentos visando a avaliar, técnica e economicamente, fontes orgânicas alternativas à adubação mineral tradicional dos produtores de batata, objetivando diminuir os custos de produção e o impacto do seu cultivo no ambiente. Foram estabelecidas rotações envolvendo culturas comerciais e plantas de cobertura de solo para o cultivo da batata na safra e na safrinha. As fontes de nutrientes foram camas de frango e de suínos e adubo mineral tradicionalmente utilizado pelos bataticultores. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de fontes orgânicas de nutrientes no cultivo da batata é uma alternativa viável técnica e economicamente. Contudo, sua eficiência pode ser maximizada quando associada com a adubação mineral, especialmente para aumentar a quantidade de nitrogênio disponível desde o início do ciclo da cultura e isso é particularmente importante quando do uso da cama de suínos. A cama de frango, por conter maior quantidade de nutrientes, é uma alternativa melhor do que a cama de suínos, tanto técnica quanto economicamente

Lixiviação e volatilização de nitrogênio em um Argissolo cultivado com videira submetida à adubação nitrogenada.

O nitrogênio (N) aplicado na superfície do solo em vinhedos pode ser perdido por volatilização ou lixiviação, sendo uma das possíveis explicações para o baixo aproveitamento de N pelas videiras. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as perdas de N por volatilização e lixiviação do N mineral em solo cultivado com videira submetida à adubação nitrogenada. Foram instalados dois experimentos em um vinhedo de Cabernet Sauvignon, em Rosário do Sul (RS), Brasil. No experimento 1, foram instalados lisímetros no solo que recebeu a aplicação de 0, 40, 80 e 120kg de N ha-1 ano-1 na forma de ureia e, durante o período de agosto a dezembro de 2009, foi coletada a solução do solo para a análise de N mineral. No experimento 2, foram instaladas câmaras coletoras no solo que recebeu, em agosto de 2010, a aplicação de 0, 20, 40, e 80kg de N ha-1 ano-1 na forma de ureia, 40kg de N ha-1 ano-1 de composto orgânico e 40kg de N ha-1 ano-1 de ureia revestida com polímeros, para avaliar a volatilização de N-NH3 do momento da aplicação até 80 horas depois da aplicação. As maiores concentrações de nitrogênio mineral na solução lixiviada foram encontradas nas doses mais elevadas de fertilizante mineral aplicado e ao longo da brotação e florescimento das videiras, o que pode diminuir o aproveitamento do nutriente pelas plantas. Os maiores fluxos e perdas de amônia do solo cultivado com videira para a atmosfera aconteceram nas doses mais elevadas de nitrogênio mineral aplicado, especialmente, depois de 44 horas da sua aplicação sobre a superfície do solo. A aplicação de ureia revestida com polímeros e composto orgânico promoveram as menores perdas de amônia por volatilização, o que pode estimular o aproveitamento de nitrogênio pelas videiras

Grape yield and must composition of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapevines with organic compost and urea fertilization.

Urea and organic compost are applied as a nitrogen (N) source in vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield, total N content in the leaves and the must composition in grapevines with the application of organic compost and urea. ?Cabernet Sauvignon? grapevines, in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 crop seasons were subjected to the application of 40 kg N ha-1 in the form of organic compost and urea; but there were also unfertilized grapevines. In both crop seasons, leaves were collected at the stages of full flowering and at the change in color of the berries, and the total N content were analyzed; grape yield was evaluated and enological attributes were determined in the must. The application of organic compost and urea did not affect the N content in the leaf nor the grape yield in the second crop season evaluated. However, in the first crop season, grape yield was greater in the grapevines with application of organic compost to the soil. The addition of N sources did not affect the total nutrient content in the must but, in the second crop season, the grape must from the grapevines with the addition of organic compost had a lower soluble solids concentration and a higher total acidity value, as well as tartaric and malic acid values. KEYWORDS: nitrogen, leaf analysis, Vitis vinifera L

Iron fertilization to enhance tolerance mechanisms to copper toxicityof ryegrass plants used as cover crop in vineyards.

Ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) is a plant species that can express mechanisms of tolerance to copper (Cu)toxicity. Therefore, the agronomical approach of intercropping system with ryegrass may represent apromising tool to limit the onset of Cu toxicity symptoms in the other intercropped plants species,particularly when an inadequate nutrient availability like iron (Fe) shortage is also concurrently present.This study aimed at assessing the mechanisms involved in the mitigation of Cu phytotoxicity and thestress effects on plant growth, root morphology and nutrition of ryegrass fertilized with two different Fesources. To this purpose, seedlings of ryegrass were hydroponically grown for 14 days in controlledconditions with 4 different levels of Cu (0.2, 5.0, 25 and 50mM) and with either 100mM Fe-EDDHA or Fe-EDTA. Results show that high levels of Cu availability enhanced the root content of organic anions as wellas the root exudation. Different Fe fertilizations at the condition of 50mM Cu induced changes in rootphenolic compounds, citrate and fumarate contents and the exudation pattern of phenolic compounds.Differences in plant growth were not observed between the two Fe sources, although Cu concentration inplant tissue fed with Fe-EDTA was lower in the condition of 50mM Cu. The enhanced root exudation ofCu-complexing organic compounds (including phenolics) in ryegrass plants when exposed to excessiveCu availability could be at the basis of the ameliorated edaphic rhizosphere conditions (lower Cuavailability). For this reason, from the agronomical point of view ryegrass plants used in intercroppingsystems with crops like vine plants could represent a promising strategy to control Cu toxicity invineyard soils. Further studies under thefield conditions must be taken to support presentfindings.©2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Do cover crops compete with young grapevines for fertilizer nitrogen?

Vineyard soils of the Campanha Gaúcha region of Rio Grande do Sul are sandy and have low to medium organic matter content, displaying low natural ability to supply nitrogen (N). Therefore, maintenance of cover crops is essential or the protection of the soil surface from the impact of raindrops and water erosion. The application of nitrogen fertilizers is also necessary. However, cover crops can absorb part of the nitrogen applied in the soil, decreasing the availability to young vines, which may slow the growth of root and shoot, and thus, the beginning of grape production

Nitrogen fertilization of "Chardonnay" grapevines: yield, must composition and their relationship with temperature and rainfall.

In soils rich inorganic matter(OM), such as those in the elevations of South Brazil, themineralized N from organic matter does not always meet the N demands of grapevines, thus, N applications are necessary during vinegrowth. However, the optimal N rate to achieve satisfactory yield and desirable grape enological composition is not known