The usefulness of mesenchymal stem cells beyond the musculoskeletal system in horses

The differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) initially raised interest for treating musculoskeletal injuries in horses, but MSC paracrine activity has widened their scope for inflammatory and immune-mediated pathologies in both equine and human medicine. Further-more, the similar etiopathogenesis of some diseases in both species has advanced the concept of “One Medicine, One Health”. This article reviews the current knowledge on the use of MSCs for equine pathologies beyond the locomotor system, highlighting the value of the horse as translational model. Ophthalmologic and reproductive disorders are among the most studied for MSC application. Equine asthma, equine metabolic syndrome, and endotoxemia have been less explored but offer an interesting scenario for human translation. The use of MSCs in wounds also provides a potential model for humans because of the healing particularities in both species. High-burden eq-uine-specific pathologies such as laminitis have been suggested to benefit from MSC-therapy, and MSC application in challenging disorders such as neurologic conditions has been proposed. The available data are preliminary, however, and require further development to translate results into the clinic. Nevertheless, current evidence indicates a significant potential of equine MSCs to enlarge their range of application, with particular interest in pathologies analogous to human conditions

Agresividad Canina legislación, deberes y ética

Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after coronary-artery stenting

To the Editor: Schömig et al. (April 25 issue) report that they did not observe neutropenia in any of the 257 patients receiving short-term ticlopidine therapy after coronary stenting

Echium acanthocarpum hairy root cultures, a suitable system for polyunsaturated fatty acid studies and production

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The therapeutic and health promoting role of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) from fish, <it>i.e. </it>eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are well known. These same benefits may however be shared by some of their precursors, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 n-3). In order to obtain alternative sources for the large-scale production of PUFAs, new searches are being conducted focusing on higher plants oils which can contain these n-3 and n-6 C18 precursors, <it>i.e. </it>SDA and GLA (18:3n-6, γ-linolenic acid).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The establishment of the novel <it>Echium acanthocarpum </it>hairy root cultures represents a powerful tool in order to research the accumulation and metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in a plant particularly rich in GLA and SDA. Furthermore, this study constitutes the first example of a <it>Boraginaceae </it>species hairy root induction and establishment for FA studies and production. The dominant PUFAs, 18:2n-6 (LA, linoleic acid) and 18:3n-6 (GLA), accounted for about 50% of total FAs obtained, while the n-3 PUFAs, 18:3n-3 (ALA, α-linolenic acid) and 18:4n-3 (SDA), represented approximately 5% of the total. Production of FAs did not parallel hairy root growth, and the optimal productivity was always associated with the highest biomass density during the culture period. Assuming a compromise between FA production and hairy root biomass, it was determined that sampling times 4 and 5 gave the most useful FA yields. Total lipid amounts were in general comparable between the different hairy root lines (29.75 and 60.95 mg/g DW), with the major lipid classes being triacylglycerols. The FAs were chiefly stored in the hairy roots with very minute amounts being released into the liquid nutrient medium.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The novel results presented here show the utility and high potential of <it>E. acanthocarpum </it>hairy roots. They are capable of biosynthesizing and accumulating a large range of polyunsaturated FAs, including the target GLA and SDA fatty acids in appreciable quantities.</p

Effect of four novel bio-based DES (Deep Eutectic Solvents) on hardwood fractionation

Using the basic principle of construction between a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), four bio-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared in a 1:2 molar ratio of HBA:HBD. 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl-1-triethylammonium chloride ([C9H22N+O2]Cl婨 ) was synthesized from raw glycerol and used as an HBA. Lactic acid, urea, pure glycerol, and ethylene glycol were selected as HBD. Attempts to prepare DESs, using citric acid and benzoic acid as HBDs, were unsuccessful. All these DESs were characterized using FTIR and NMR techniques. Besides, physicochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, density, and melting point were determined. The behavior of these DES to fractionate olive pomace was studied. Lignin recovery yields spanned between 27% and 39% (w/w) of the available lignin in olive pomace. The best DES, in terms of lignin yield ([C9H22N+O2]Cl婨 -lactic acid), was selected to perform a scale-up lignin extraction using 40 g of olive pomace. Lignin recovery on the multigram scale was similar to the mg scale (38% w/w). Similarly, for the holocellulose-rich fractions, recovery yields were 34% and 45% for mg and multi-gram scale, respectively. Finally, this DES was used to fractionate four fruit pruning samples. These results show that our novel DESs are alternative approaches to the ionic liquid:triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate and the widely used DES: choline chloride:lactic acid (1:10 molar ratio) for biomass processingThis work has been partially funded by the Spanish government (CTQ2015-70982-C3-1-R (MINECO/FEDER)

TCT-386 Global risk score for choosing the best revascularization strategy in patients with unprotected left main stenosis

Modernista, 1920.Primer pla d'edifici unifamiliar.De planta baixa, planta semisoterrani i un cos de garatge adossat.Les obertures situen a les llindes uns motllurats i sinuosos motius escultòrics. Un element de ceràmica divideix els baixos del coronament

Ecocardiografía con contraste

La ecocardiografía es una técnica de diagnóstico cardiológico que utiliza como método de estudio la emisión de haces de ultrasonido (US). Una de sus principales limitaciones es la mala propagación que tienen los US ante la presencia de grasa o aire, dificultando la visualización de las estructuras cardiacas, situación conocida como "mala ventana ecocardiográfica

Humoral immune response against allogeneic equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediated by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC): an issue to take into account for the safety and efficacy of treatment with MSCs

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present several advantages, but recipient immune response needs to be further elucidated. Proinflammatory priming of MSCs activated their in vivo regulatory capacity, but repeated administrations led to slight inflammatory reaction in an osteoarthritis equine model. This may be associated with higher major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression, which would increase MSC immunogenicity potentially inducing humoral mediated immune memory. This study aimed at assessing allo-antibody production against donor’s equine MHC (equine leukocyte antigen, ELA) in animals that received intra-articular repeated administration of allogeneic MSC-primed. For this purpose, we used stored samples from a previous study. Donor and recipients ELA-haplotypes were stablished by microsatellite typing and complementmediated microcytoxicity assays were carried out by exposing target cells from the donor (unstimulated MSCs [MSC-nai¨ve], MSC-primed or lymphocytes [control]) to sera collected at different time-points from 10 recipients: ELA-mismatched MSCnai ¨ve recipients, ELA-mismatched MSC-primed recipients or ELA-partially matched MSC-primed recipients. All animals receiving allogeneic MSCs produced allo-antibodies after the first injection, regardless of the matching degree. However, antibody peak production after second administration was only observed in ELA-mismatched recipients, both of MSC-nai¨ve and MSCprimed. Horses injected with MSC-primed produced fewer antibodies but MSC-primed were more targeted in the microcytoxicity assay. Thus, activated immunomodulatory profile of MSC-primed could have led to slighter humoral response after ..

Percutaneous closure of an iatrogenic atrial septal defect

The use of the Tandem Heart™ percutaneous ventricular assist device (Tandem Heart pVAD, Cardiac Assist technologies, Pittsburgh, PA) as a bridge to recovery or to other cardiopulmonary support systems has been rising. One requirement for placement of this device is an intraatrial septostomy which is usually closed during the surgical insertion of more permanent ventricular assist devices. We present a case of a 62-year-old man with a residual acquired atrial septal defect (ASD) from Tandem Heart™ placement, which could not be closed surgically during insertion of left and right ventricular assist devices. The patient remained intubated and hypoxemic after removal of his right ventricular assist device due to the presence of persistent right to left shunting. With closure of the ASD using an 8-mm Amplatzer® septal occluder (ASO; AGA Medical Corp., Golden Valley, MN) the patient stabilized and was successfully extubated. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61543/1/21768_ftp.pd