Sympathetic mediation of salivation induced by intracerebroventricular pilocarpine in rats

Central cholinergic activation by pilocarpine induces salivation dependent on the integrity of forebrain areas. The present work investigates the autonomic mediation of this salivation. Pilocarpine (500 nmol/rat) was injected into the lateral ventricle (LV) of tribromoethanol-anesthetized adult male rats. Preweighed cotton balls were inserted into the oral cavity and weighed again 7 min later. ol-adrenoceptor antagonists (3-50 mu mol/kg) prazosin (alpha(1)), yohimbine (alpha(2)) or propranolol (beta) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) produced, 80%, 20% and 0% inhibition respectively of the LV pilocarpine-induced salivation. Intracerebroventricular injections (160 nmol) of the antagonists did not alter the effects of pilocarpine injected into the LV. Bilateral section of chorda tympani nerve or bilateral sympathetic cervical ganglionectomy produced 0% and 40% inhibition of pilocarpine-induced salivation, respectively. Ganglionectomy did not alter salivation induced by i.p, injection of pilocarpine (4 mu mol/kg). The results indicate that there is a large sympathetic contribution to the salivation induced by central cholinergic activation. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved

Brazilian Dentists' Attitudes About Medical Emergencies During Dental Treatment

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of emergencies in dental practices and the preparedness and the training experience in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of Brazilian dentists in dealing with emergencies. The volunteer participants in the study were 498 Brazilian dentists who were present at the 27th International Congress of Dentistry in Sao Paulo. The most prevalent emergency was presyncope (reported by 54.20 percent of respondents), followed by orthostatic hypotension (44.37 percent), moderate allergic reactions (16.86 percent), hypertensive crisis (15.06 percent), asthma (15.06 percent), syncope (12.65 percent), angina (6.82 percent), convulsion (6.22 percent), hypoglycemia (5.62 percent), hyperventilation crisis (5.22 percent), choking (2.20 percent), and cerebrovascular accident (0.8 percent). Anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest were the rarest emergencies, reported by only 0.4, 0.2, and 0.2 percent of dentists, respectively. Only 41 percent of the dentists judged themselves capable to diagnose the cause of an emergency during a dental visit. The majority responded that they would be capable of performing initial treatment of presyncope, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, convulsion, and choking. However, most of them felt unable to treat anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest. Further, the majority felt unable to perform CPR or undertake an intravenous injection. It was concluded that the most prevalent medical emergencies in dental practice of Brazilian dentists are presyncope and orthostatic hypotension. The occurrence of life-threatening medical emergencies like anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and cerebrovascular accident is rare. Brazilian dentists are not fully prepared to manage medical emergencies and have insufficient experience training in CPR.74666166

Vasculite leucocitoclástica: mais uma "imitação" da sífilis Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: another condition that mimics syphilis

A sífilis, doença de importante morbiletalidade no passado, tem ressurgido nos últimos anos, graças, sobretudo, às alterações nos comportamentos de risco. Um grupo epidemiológico, frequentemente, acometido é a população com infecção pelo HIV: estes pacientes podem apresentar características peculiares nas manifestações e evolução da doença. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino, HIV-positivo, que desenvolveu um quadro florido de secundarismo: além da roséola sifilítica, apresentou pan-uveíte bilateral e acometimento do sistema nervoso central. A investigação, apresentou fenomeno pro-zona e no estudo histologico, mostrou a presenca de vasculite leucocitoclastica achado este extremamente raro e pouco documentado.<br>Syphilis, a disease that in the past was associated with significant morbidity and lethality rates, has resurged in recent years principally as a consequence of changes in risk behavior. An epidemiological group that is commonly affected is the HIV-infected population. The characteristics of the disease and its progression may differ in these patients. The present report describes a case of an HIV-positive male patient, who developed florid secondary syphilis: in addition to syphilitic roseola, he also presented with bilateral panuveitis and involvement of the central nervous system. Investigation revealed the prozone phenomenon and histological examination of the skin lesions showed the presence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This finding is extremely rare and few cases have been documented

Desenvolvimento e comparação de um método de construção de arcos ortodônticos individualizados com um método tradicional de escolha de arcos ortodônticos pré-fabricados Development and comparison of a individualized orthodontic arches construction method and a traditional method for choosing pre-manufactured orthodontic arches

INTRODUÇÃO: a existência de pacientes com arcos dentários e anatomias diferentes dos diagramas de arcos ortodônticos preestabelecidos justifica este trabalho. OBJETIVO: foi proposto mostrar um método de construção de arcos ortodônticos que respeitasse a anatomia individual de cada paciente e que fosse construído sem a necessidade de diagramas impressos pré-desenhados. MÉTODOS: em vinte modelos inferiores de gesso, foram colados, no centro da coroa clínica dos seus dentes, braquetes e tubos. Com o auxílio de um paquímetro digital associado a um aparelho que posicionou os modelos com o plano oclusal paralelo ao solo, foi possível medir a distância da ponta de cúspide e meio da face incisal de cada dente até o fundo da canaleta do respectivo braquete e tubo colado. De posse dessas medidas, foram realizadas impressões das cúspides dentárias dos modelos em uma lâmina de cera 7 e, a partir dessas cúspides, pontuou-se a cera usando a distância obtida (entre a ponta de cúspide/meio da incisal dos dentes e a canaleta do braquete/entrada do tubo). Esses novos pontos serviram de referência para a construção dos arcos ortodônticos individualizados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: esse método de construção foi denominado "arcograma", o qual foi comparado com um método pré-conformado de diagramação ("Tru-arch"), sendo considerado melhor que esse no tocante à adaptação à anatomia individual do arco.<br>INTRODUCTION: The existence of exceptional anatomic dental arches justifies this work. AIM: It was proposed to show a orthodontic arches construction method that follow the individual anatomy of each patient, developed without any previous constructed diagram. METHODS: Braces or molar tubes were bonded on 20 inferior natural cast models. With the aid of a digital paquimeter associated to an apparatus that positioned the occlusal planes parallel to the floor, the distance between the cuspid tip and the center of the slot of the brace and tube were measured. Impressions of the cuspids were made on a wax blade and the distance previously obtained were used to made a new conjunct of points vestibularly to the first marked points. These new points served as references to the construction of the individual orthodontic arch. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The new method was named "arcogram" and it was compared to the Tru-arch pre-conformed arches, showing better adaptation to the arches anatomy