Qualidade de vida de pacientes idosos submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização

Introdução: A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio tem o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, além de promover o alívio dos sintomas relacionados a cardiopatia e ainda aumentar a sobrevida. Objetivo: Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de vida no pré e pós-operatório de cardiopatas submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, relacionando-a com a idade, a ansiedade e a dor. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, observacional e transversal descritiva em que se utilizou o questionário MacNew QLMI para avaliar a qualidade de vida, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) para avaliar a ansiedade e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para avaliar a dor. Resultados: Dentre os 06 sujeitos avaliados, 90% eram homens, com média de idade de 70,5 (±8,43) anos. Dos fatores de risco, o mais presente foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (100%), seguido do sedentarismo (83%), dislipidemia (50%) e tabagismo (50%). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio melhorou a qualidade de vida dos pacientes avaliados e estes mantiveram um nível médio da ansiedade entre o período pré e o pós. No que se refere a dor houve melhora comparando o pós (15º dia) com o pré.

Physical exercise in patients with diabetic neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Este estudio tiene por objeto revisar sistemáticamente los efectos en el tratamiento con la práctica de ejercicios físicos aerobios, resistivos o combinados (resistido/aerobio/equilibrio) en el equilibrio, en la fuerza muscular y el índice de la glucemia de sujetos con neuropatía diabética. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de estudios clínicos controlados en los que fueron empleados ejercicio aerobio, ejercicio resistido o ejercicio combinado en sujetos con neuropatía diabética comparados con un grupo control en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE (vía PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS (vía Bireme) y PEDro. Se consideraron los términos: equilibrio, evaluación desde la escala AB, índice de la glucemia a través del valor de la glucemia en ayuno y después de la comida, y la fuerza muscular, evaluada según la dinamometría y el test Five-times-sit-to-stand. De los 389 estudios encontrados, se incluyeron cinco, con un total de 292 sujetos. Se observó que el ejercicio combinado (resistido/equilibrio) comparado con el del control presentó una significativa mejora en el equilibrio (8; IC 95%: 1,12 a 14,88; I2=0%). De estos cinco estudios incluidos, dos evaluaron la fuerza muscular de MMII (n=116), ambos estudios con ejercicios combinados (resistido/equilibrio) versus control, sin embargo no se realizó el metaanálisis, debido a que se evaluó la fuerza muscular de distintas formas. Solamente un estudio evaluó el índice de la glucemia después de la comida y en ayuno (n=87), por lo que impidió el metaanálisis. En dicho estudio, el índice de la glucemia después de la comida y en ayuno, cuando comparados en los dos grupos, no presentaron diferencias significativas. Los datos evaluados en esta revisión mostraron que el equilibrio en pacientes con neuropatía diabética presentó una mejora durante la práctica de ejercicios combinados.The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of treatment with aerobic, resistance or combined (resistance/aerobic/balance) exercises in the balance, muscular strength and glycemic index of patients with diabetic neuropathy. Searches were conducted in the electronic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), COCHRANE CENTRAL, LILACS (via Bireme) and PEDro of randomized clinical trials, which conducted aerobic, resistance or combined (resistance/aerobic/balance) exercises compared with the control group in individuals with diabetic neuropathy. The outcomes considered were: balance evaluated from ABC scale and glycemic index at fasting and at postprandial. Out of 389 studies, five were included, with a total of 292 individuals. We observed that the combined exercise (resistance/balance) compared with the control demonstrated significant improvement of balance (8; 95%CI). 1.12, 14.88; I2 = 0%). Two out of the five included studies evaluated the muscular strength of LL (Lower Limbs) (n=116), both studies with combined exercises (resistance/balance) versus control, but we could not conduct the meta-analysis of these studies as muscle strength was evaluated in different ways. Only one article evaluated the postprandial and fasting glycemic index (n = 87), which precluded meta-analysis. In this study, the postprandial and fasting glycemic index showed no significant difference when compared the two groups. The data analyzed in this review demonstrated that the balance in individuals with diabetic neuropathy improved with combined exercise.O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente os efeitos do tratamento com exercícios aeróbio, resistido ou combinado (resistido/aeróbio/equilíbrio) no equilíbrio, força muscular e índice glicêmico de portadores de neuropatia diabética. A busca de ensaios clínicos randomizados que realizaram exercício aeróbio, exercício resistido ou exercício combinado em indivíduos com neuropatia diabética comparados com grupo controle foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS (via Bireme) e PEDro. Os desfechos considerados foram: equilíbrio, avaliado a partir da escala ABC, índice glicêmico, através da glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial, e a força muscular, avaliada pela dinamometria e pelo teste Five-times-sit-to-stand. Dos 389 estudos identificados, cinco foram incluídos, com um total de 292 indivíduos. Foi observado que o exercício combinado (resistido/equilíbrio) comparado com o controle demonstrou melhora significativa do equilíbrio (8; IC 95%: 1,12 a 14,88; I2=0%). Dois dos cinco estudos incluídos avaliaram a força muscular de MMII (n=116), ambos os estudos com exercícios combinados (resistido/equilíbrio) vs. controle, porém não foi possível realizar a metanálise desses estudos, pois a força muscular foi avaliada de formas diferentes. Apenas um artigo avaliou o índice glicêmico pós-prandial e índice glicêmico de jejum (n=87), o que impossibilitou a metanálise. Nesse estudo, o índice glicêmico pós-prandial e o de jejum, quando comparados os dois grupos, não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os dados analisados nesta revisão demonstraram que o equilíbrio em indivíduos com neuropatia diabética melhorou com o exercício combinado

Functional capacity, pulmonary and respiratory muscle strength in individuals undergoing hemodialysis

Introduction: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) present low cardiorespiratory fitness and functional capacity. Metabolic changes, due to the disease, can result in a variety of pathophysiological conditions that favor the development of respiratory muscle weakness. However, very little is known about the performance of the respiratory muscles and the influence of HD on them. Aim: To evaluate and correlate pulmonary function, functional capacity and respiratory muscle strength in patients with CKD undergoing HD. Methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 23 patients with CKD, that met the following inclusion criteria: patients of both genders, who perform HD three times a week for a minimum period of three months. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using a respiratory pressure meter, lung function through spirometry and functional capacity through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) before the HD session. Results: All patients were male and mean age was 50.2 ± 15.8 years. The median duration of HD was 3 (1.5 to 6.0) years. The mean values obtained in comparison to those predicted were MIP% 36.0 ± 13.6, MEP% 49.5 ± 15.8, FVC% 93.8 ± 21.1, FEV1% 93.7 ± 21.1, FVC/VEF1% 104.1 ± 10.3, and 6MWT% 66.33 ± 20.53. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the 6MWT and MIP (r = .63, p =.001) and MEP (r = .67, p elt; .001), between the MIP and MEP (r =.79, p elt; .001) and between the FEV1 and FVC (r = .91, p elt; .001). Conclusion: Patients with CKD undergoing HD present changes in respiratory muscle strength, with the predicted values decreasing for age and gender, as well as the distance covered in the 6MWT, although, with normal spirometric values. Functional capacity was dependent on respiratory muscle strength, as well as the values of MIP and MEP, and the values of FVC and FEV1

Functional capacity, pulmonary and respiratory muscle strength in individuals undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) present low cardiorespiratory fitness and functional capacity. Metabolic changes, due to the disease, can result in a variety of pathophysiological conditions that favor the development of respiratory muscle weakness. However, very little is known about the performance of the respiratory muscles and the influence of HD on them. Aim: To evaluate and correlate pulmonary function, functional capacity and respiratory muscle strength in patients with CKD undergoing HD. Methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 23 patients with CKD, that met the following inclusion criteria: patients of both genders, who perform HD three times a week for a minimum period of three months. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using a respiratory pressure meter, lung function through spirometry and functional capacity through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) before the HD session. Results: All patients were male and mean age was 50.2 ± 15.8 years. The median duration of HD was 3 (1.5 to 6.0) years. The mean values obtained in comparison to those predicted were MIP% 36.0 ± 13.6, MEP% 49.5 ± 15.8, FVC% 93.8 ± 21.1, FEV1% 93.7 ± 21.1, FVC/VEF1% 104.1 ± 10.3, and 6MWT% 66.33 ± 20.53. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the 6MWT and MIP (r = .63, p =.001) and MEP (r = .67, p < .001), between the MIP and MEP (r =.79, p < .001) and between the FEV1 and FVC (r = .91, p < .001). Conclusion: Patients with CKD undergoing HD present changes in respiratory muscle strength, with the predicted values decreasing for age and gender, as well as the distance covered in the 6MWT, although, with normal spirometric values. Functional capacity was dependent on respiratory muscle strength, as well as the values of MIP and MEP, and the values of FVC and FEV1

Interventions used by health professionals in older adults with low levels of health literacy: a scoping review

This scoping review sought to identify, synthesize, and assess the available evidence on the aims and effects of interventions used by health professionals in older adults with low levels of health literacy. Relevant articles were selected from the databases from April 2017 to April 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis was used for conducting this scoping review, and a total of 22 studies were reviewed. The positive effects observed for each type of intervention, yielding significant results for some of the outcomes and improvements in intragroup scores, demonstrated that the interventions had good acceptability by older adults with limited health literacy. However, we were not able to determine which intervention strategies had a significant positive effect on health outcomes in these patients. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials employing greater methodological rigor for assessing results are needed to elucidate the potential benefits of interventions in this population.</p