"Mitos nutricionales sobre el papel de las grasas e hidratos de carbono en la salud: amigos o enemigos. Revisión Bibliográfica".

Introducción. El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en desmitificar creencias populares relacionadas con la alimentación, abordando los mitos de que todas las grasas son perjudiciales, que una dieta sin gluten conduce automáticamente a la pérdida de peso y que los carbohidratos son responsables del aumento de peso. A través de un análisis respaldado por evidencia científica, se busca proporcionar información clara y precisa para fomentar el pensamiento crítico en la población en relación con la información nutricional que reciben, con el objetivo de promover elecciones dietéticas más informadas y saludables.Objetivo. Encontrar y obtener la información más reciente acerca de los conceptos equivocados comunes relacionados con la alimentación que se encuentran en la actualidad entre la población. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de los artículos en español e inglés publicados entre los años 2013 y 2023. Con las palabras clave mitos, alimentación, grasas, gluten, carbohidratos y pérdida de peso.Desarrollo. Se realiza una revisión científica que desmitifica tres creencias nutricionales populares sobre la grasa, el gluten y los carbohidratos, proporcionando evidencia que aclara su impacto en la salud y el control de peso. Se enfatiza la importancia de elegir fuentes saludables de estos nutrientes dentro de una dieta equilibrada.Conclusión. El estudio ofrece una perspectiva fundamentada que desafía nociones comunes sobre la nutrición, promoviendo una toma de decisiones informada para una dieta equilibrada y la mejora de la salud.Palabras clave. Mitos, alimentación, grasas, gluten, carbohidratos, pérdida de peso.<br /

Cytokine pathway disruption in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by Munc18-1a overexpression in the brain

Background: An accumulating body of evidence points to the significance of neuroinflammation and immunogenetics in schizophrenia, and an imbalance of cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS) has been suggested to be associated with the disorder. Munc18-overexpressing mice (Munc18-OE) have provided a model for the study of the alterations that may underlie the symptoms of subjects with schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the involvement of neuroinflammation and cytokine imbalance in this model. Methods: Cytokines were evaluated in the cortex and the striatum of Munc18-OE and wild-type (WT) mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein levels of specific microglia and macrophage, astrocytic and neuroinflammation markers were quantified by western blot in the cortex and the striatum of Munc18-OE and WT mice. Results: Each cytokine evaluated (Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CCL2 chemokine) was present at higher levels in the striatum of Munc18-OE mice than WT. Cortical TNF-α and IL-2 levels were significantly lower in Munc18-OE mice than WT mice. The microglia and macrophage marker CD11b was lower in the cortexes of Munc18-OE mice than WT, but no differences were observed in the striatum. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB)p65 levels were not different between the groups. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels were beneath detection limits. Conclusions: The disrupted levels of cytokines detected in the brain of Munc18-OE mice was found to be similar to clinical reports and endorses study of this type for analysis of this aspect of the disorder. The lower CD11b expression in the cortex but not in the striatum of the Munc18-OE mice may reflect differences in physiological activity. The cytokine expression pattern observed in Munc18-OE mice is similar to a previously published model of schizophrenia caused by maternal immune activation. Together, these data suggest a possible role for an immune imbalance in this disorder

Blockade of TGF-β 1 Signalling Inhibits Cardiac NADPH Oxidase Overactivity in Hypertensive Rats

NADPH oxidases constitute a major source of superoxide anion (·O2 −) in hypertension. Several studies suggest an important role of NADPH oxidases in different effects mediated by TGF-β 1. In this study we show that chronic administration of P144, a peptide synthesized from type III TGF-β 1 receptor, significantly reduced the cardiac NADPH oxidase expression and activity as well as in the nitrotyrosine levels observed in control spontaneously hypertensive rats (V-SHR) to levels similar to control normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. In addition, P144 was also able to reduce the significant increases in the expression of collagen type I protein and mRNA observed in hearts from V-SHR. In addition, positive correlations between collagen expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and nitrotyrosine levels were found in all animals. Finally, TGF-β 1-stimulated Rat-2 exhibited significant increases in NADPH oxidase activity that was inhibited in the presence of P144. It could be concluded that the blockade of TGF-β 1 with P144 inhibited cardiac NADPH oxidase in SHR, thus adding new data to elucidate the involvement of this enzyme in the profibrotic actions of TGF-β 1

MHC-I expression renders catecholaminergic neurons susceptible to T-cell-mediated degeneration

Subsets of rodent neurons are reported to express major histocompatibilty complex class I (MHC-I), but such expression has not been reported in normal adult human neurons. Here we provide evidence from immunolabel, RNA expression, and mass spectrometry analysis of postmortem samples that human catecholaminergic substantia nigra and locus coeruleus neurons express MHC-I, and that this molecule is inducible in human stem cell derived dopamine (DA) neurons. Catecholamine murine cultured neurons are more responsive to induction of MHC-I by gamma-interferon than other neuronal populations. Neuronal MHC-I is also induced by factors released from microglia activated by neuromelanin or alpha-synuclein, or high cytosolic DA and/or oxidative stress. DA neurons internalize foreign ovalbumin and display antigen derived from this protein by MHC-I, which triggers DA neuronal death in the presence of appropriate cytotoxic T-cells. Thus, neuronal MHC-I can trigger antigenic response, and catecholamine neurons may be particularly susceptible to T cell-mediated cytotoxic attack

Axicabtagene ciloleucel compared to tisagenlecleucel for the treatment of aggressive B-cell lymphoma

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) are CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). We performed a retrospective study to evaluate safety and efficacy of axi-cel and tisa-cel outside the setting of a clinical trial. Data from consecutive patients with R/R LBCL who underwent apheresis for axi-cel or tisa-cel were retrospectively collected from 12 Spanish centers. A total of 307 patients underwent apheresis for axi-cel (n=152) and tisa-cel (n=155) from November 2018 to August 2021, of which 261 (85%) received a CAR T infusion (88% and 82%, respectively). Median time from apheresis to infusion was 41 days for axi-cel and 52 days for tisa-cel (P=0.006). None of the baseline characteristics were significantly different between both cohorts. Both cytokine release syndrome and neurologic events (NE) were more frequent in the axi-cel group (88% vs. 73%, P=0.003, and 42% vs. 16%, P= 2 and progressive disease before lympho-depletion. Safety and efficacy results in our real-world experience were comparable with those reported in the pivotal trials. Patients treated with axi-cel experienced more toxicity but similar non-relapse mortality compared with those re-ceiving tisa-cel. Efficacy was not significantly different between both products

Reflecting on gender, power and empowerment through art. An educational tool for facili-tators, art educators and young people

En este manual, el lector y la lectora encontrarán cinco itinerarios temáticos que ofrecen la posibilidad de analizar cómo la cultura en general, y los museos en particular, interpretan el pasado. Las actividades proporcionan herramientas para comprender qué perspectivas se privilegian, y convierten a los y las participantes en visitantes activos y críticos para interpretar el pasado o el presente. Cada capítulo ofrece itinerarios que han sido diseñados para ser utilizados en museos específicos o en un aula mediante la proyección de las imágenes. Cada itinerario se compone de cinco pasos organizados en torno a: una obra de arte, información sobre la obra y dos actividades relacionadas con el tema específico. Estas actividades pueden tener lugar en el espacio del museo o fuera de él creando el marco para un diálogo entre el espectador o espectadora y la obra, por un lado, y entre pares, por otro (ya sean miembros de un grupo de visitantes, una persona o un grupo de apoyo que quiera desarrollar un mejor conocimiento de los sistemas de poder en relación con los roles de género en la sociedad).In this manual, the reader will find five thematic itineraries. They offer the possibility of analysing how culture at large, and museums specifically, interpret the past. The activities provide tools to understand what perspectives are privileged, and turn participants into active and critical visitors to interpret the past or the present. Each chapter offers itineraries that have been designed to be used either in specific museums or in a classroom by projecting the images. Each itinerary is composed of five steps organised around: a work of art, information about the work, and two activities related to the specific theme. These activities can take place in the museum space or outside the museum. They create the framework for a dialogue between the viewer and the work on one hand, and between peers on the other hand (be it members of a visitor’s group, a person or a support group who would like to develop better knowledge of the powers at stake regarding gender roles in society).Depto. de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Educación FísicaFac. de EducaciónTRUEComisión EuropeaErasmus+pu

Cards, an educational material on gender, power and empowerment

Conjunto de 25 fichas pedagógicas con definiciones de conceptos clave relacionados con el género e ilustraciones a través de historias personales acompañadas de una descripción de actividades que conducen a la construcción de las “fichas” y una actividad de uso de las fichas para el aprendizaje.Set of 25 pedagogical cards with definitions of key concepts related to gender and concrete illustration through personal stories.Depto. de Didáctica de las Lenguas, Artes y Educación FísicaFac. de EducaciónTRUEComisión Europeapu

Axicabtagene ciloleucel compared to tisagenlecleucel for the treatment of aggressive B-cell lymphoma

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) are CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). We performed a retrospective study to evaluate safety and efficacy of axi-cel and tisa-cel outside the setting of a clinical trial. Data from consecutive patients with R/R LBCL who underwent apheresis for axi-cel or tisa-cel were retrospectively collected from 12 Spanish centers. A total of 307 patients underwent apheresis for axi-cel (n=152) and tisa-cel (n=155) from November 2018 to August 2021, of which 261 (85%) received a CAR T infusion (88% and 82%, respectively). Median time from apheresis to infusion was 41 days for axi-cel and 52 days for tisa-cel (P =0.006). None of the baseline characteristics were significantly different between both cohorts. Both cytokine release syndrome and neurologic events (NE) were more frequent in the axi-cel group (88% vs. 73%, P =0.003, and 42% vs. 16%, P <0.001, respectively). Infections in the first 6 months post-infusion were also more common in patients treated with axi-cel (38% vs. 25%, P =0.033). Non-relapse mortality was not significantly different between the axi-cel and tisa-cel groups (7% and 4%, respectively, P =0.298). With a median follow-up of 9.2 months, median PFS and OS were 5.9 and 3 months, and 13.9 and 11.2 months for axi-cel and tisa-cel, respectively. The 12-month PFS and OS for axi-cel and tisa-cel were 41% and 33% (P =0.195), 51% and 47% (P =0.191), respectively. Factors associated with lower OS in the multivariate analysis were increased lactate dehydrogenase, ECOG ≥2 and progressive disease before lympho-depletion. Safety and efficacy results in our real-world experience were comparable with those reported in the pivotal trials. Patients treated with axi-cel experienced more toxicity but similar non-relapse mortality compared with those receiving tisa-cel. Efficacy was not significantly different between both products