Mise en place d'un élevage de stomoxys calcitrans et de stomoxys indicus et étude des sites de développement larvaire de stomoxys indicus en Thaïlande

Les stomoxes sont des mouches hématophages. Il en existe 18 espèces dont une seule est cosmopolite, Stomoxys calcitrans, les autres espèces vivant dans des régions plus tropicales. Elles sont des vecteurs mécaniques de nombreuses maladies, comme par exemple la trypanosomose animale. Cette étude s’intéresse en particulier à S. calcitrans et S. indicus en Thaïlande, avec un essai de mise en place d’un élevage de ces deux espèces au laboratoire d’entomologie de Kasetart University, Bangkok, et l’étude de sites de développement larvaire de S. indicus dans quatre fermes de Thaïlande. La mise en place d’un élevage de S. calcitrans et S. indicus a montré quelques difficultés. Bien que de nombreux adultes des deux espèces aient été capturés, leur survie aux conditions artificielles d’élevage n’a pas été maîtrisée. En effet, après modifications de la température, l’humidité relative, ou encore la source du repas sanguin, les mouches continuaient à mourir sans pour autant se reproduire. L’étude des sites de développement larvaire de S. indicus a montré que les larves de cette espèce tout comme celles de S. calcitrans, se développent dans du fumier, et des végétaux en décomposition. Pour être complet dans la description de ces gites larvaires, d’autres études doivent être menées

Prevalence and sequence-based identity of rumen fluke in cattle and deer in New Caledonia

An abattoir survey was performed in the French Melanesian archipelago of New Caledonia to determine the prevalence of paramphistomes in cattle and deer and to generate material for molecular typing at species and subspecies level. Prevalence in adult cattle was high at animal level (70% of 387 adult cattle) and batch level (81%). Prevalence was lower in calves at both levels (33% of 484 calves, 51% at batch level). Animals from 2 of 7 deer farms were positive for rumen fluke, with animal-level prevalence of 41.4% (29/70) and 47.1% (33/70), respectively. Using ITS-2 sequencing, 3 species of paramphistomes were identified, i.e. Calicophoron calicophorum, Fischoederius elongatus and Orthocoelium streptocoelium. All three species were detected in cattle as well as deer, suggesting the possibility of rumen fluke transmission between the two host species. Based on heterogeneity in ITS-2 sequences, the C. calicophorum population comprises two clades, both of which occur in cattle as well as deer. The results suggest two distinct routes of rumen fluke introduction into this area. This approach has wider applicability for investigations of the origin of rumen fluke infections and for the possibility of parasite transmission at the livestock-wildlife interface

A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control

Reports of honey bee population decline has spurred many national efforts to understand the extent of the problem and to identify causative or associated factors. However, our collective understanding of the factors has been hampered by a lack of joined up trans-national effort. Moreover, the impacts of beekeeper knowledge and beekeeping management practices have often been overlooked, despite honey bees being a managed pollinator. Here, we established a standardised active monitoring network for 5 798 apiaries over two consecutive years to quantify honey bee colony mortality across 17 European countries. Our data demonstrate that overwinter losses ranged between 2% and 32%, and that high summer losses were likely to follow high winter losses. Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that hobbyist beekeepers with small apiaries and little experience in beekeeping had double the winter mortality rate when compared to professional beekeepers. Furthermore, honey bees kept by professional beekeepers never showed signs of disease, unlike apiaries from hobbyist beekeepers that had symptoms of bacterial infection and heavy Varroa infestation. Our data highlight beekeeper background and apicultural practices as major drivers of honey bee colony losses. The benefits of conducting trans-national monitoring schemes and improving beekeeper training are discussed

Mise en place d'un élevage de stomoxys calcitrans et de stomoxys indicus et étude des sites de développement larvaire de stomoxys indicus en Thaïlande

Les stomoxes sont des mouches hématophages. Il en existe 18 espèces dont une seule est cosmopolite, Stomoxys calcitrans, les autres espèces vivant dans des régions plus tropicales. Elles sont des vecteurs mécaniques de nombreuses maladies, comme par exemple la trypanosomose animale. Cette étude s intéresse en particulier à S. calcitrans et S. indicus en Thaïlande, avec un essai de mise en place d un élevage de ces deux espèces au laboratoire d entomologie de Kasetart University, Bangkok, et l étude de sites de développement larvaire de S. indicus dans quatre fermes de Thaïlande. La mise en place d un élevage de S. calcitrans et S. indicus a montré quelques difficultés. Bien que de nombreux adultes des deux espèces aient été capturés, leur survie aux conditions artificielles d élevage n a pas été maîtrisée. En effet, après modifications de la température, l humidité relative, ou encore la source du repas sanguin, les mouches continuaient à mourir sans pour autant se reproduire. L étude des sites de développement larvaire de S. indicus a montré que les larves de cette espèce tout comme celles de S. calcitrans, se développent dans du fumier, et des végétaux en décomposition. Pour être complet dans la description de ces gites larvaires, d autres études doivent être menées.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Demographics of the European Apicultural Industry

<div><p>Over the last few years, many European and North American countries have reported a high rate of disorders (mortality, dwindling and disappearance) affecting honeybee colonies (<i>Apis mellifera</i>). Although beekeeping has become an increasingly professional activity in recent years, the beekeeping industry remains poorly documented in Europe. The European Union Reference Laboratory for Honeybee Health sent a detailed questionnaire to each Member State, in addition to Kosovo and Norway, to determine the demographics and state of their beekeeping industries. Based on data supplied by the National Reference Laboratory for honeybee diseases in each European country, a European database was created to describe the beekeeping industry including the number and types of beekeepers, operation size, industry production, and health (notifiable diseases, mortalities). The total number of beekeepers in Europe was estimated at 620 000. European honey production was evaluated at around 220 000 tons in 2010. The price of honey varied from 1.5 to 40 €/kg depending on the country and on the distribution network. The estimated colony winter mortality varied from 7 to 28% depending on the country and the origin of the data (institutional survey or beekeeping associations). This survey documents the high heterogeneity of the apicultural industry within the European Union. The high proportion of non-professional beekeepers and the small mean number of colonies per beekeeper were the only common characteristics at European level. The tremendous variation in European apicultural industries has implication for any comprehensive epidemiological or economic analysis of the industry. This variability needs to be taken into account for such analysis as well as for future policy development. The industry would be served if beekeeping registration was uniformly implemented across member states. Better information on the package bee and queen production would help in understanding the ability of the industry to replace lost honey bee stocks.</p></div

Main diseases observed in the field in Europe, in 2010.

<p>Diseases: non-specified diseases AFB: American foulbrood, SBV: Sacbrood virus, CBPV: Chronic bee paralysis virus, DWV: Deformed wing virus, EFB: European foulbrood.</p

Description of the different types of beekeeper activities and sizes of the apiaries in Europe in 2010 (percentage).

<p>NS: Not specified. The minimum and the maximum are reported in bold in each column.</p

Main causes of colony mortality reported by the laboratories, in 2010.

<p>Diseases: non-specified diseases, AFB: American foulbrood, SBV: sacbrood virus, CBPV: Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus, DWV: Deformed Wing Virus, EFB: European foulbrood.</p

Main causes of colony mortality reported by beekeepers in 2010.

<p>Diseases: non-specified diseases, AFB: American foulbrood, EFB: European foulbrood.</p

Definition of professional beekeeper according to the different countries in Europe in 2010.

<p>Definition of professional beekeeper according to the different countries in Europe in 2010.</p