Evidence of inadequate docosahexaenoic acid status in Brazilian pregnant and lactating women Evidencia de estado inadecuado del ácido docosahexaenóico en gestantes y nutrices brasileras Evidência de estado inadequado do ácido docosahexaenóico em gestantes e nutrizes brasileiras

Recently published data concerning dietary intake of fat and food sources of (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in Brazil are reviewed together with data on biochemical indices of PUFA status during pregnancy and lactation and PUFA composition of breast milk in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Potential inadequacies of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among Brazilian pregnant and lactating women have not yet been thoroughly evaluated. The data reviewed show that dietary intake of food sources of n-3 LCPUFA is low and possibly deficient in Brazil, and that biochemical indices of maternal DHA status and breast milk DHA content are low compared to the international literature. These data indicate inadequate DHA status among Brazilian women during pregnancy and lactation, but this evidence needs confirmation through comprehensive and specific population-based studies.<br>Son revisadas informaciones publicadas recientemente sobre la ingestión de tipos de grasas alimenticias y fuentes de alimentos de ácidos grasos poli-insaturados de cadena larga (AGPI-CL) n-3 en Brasil, junto con índices bioquímicos del estado nutricional para AGPI en gestantes y nutrices y la composición en AGPI en la leche de mujeres brasileras adultas y adolescentes. Posibles inadecuaciones del estado nutricional del ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) en las gestantes y nutrices brasileras aún no fueron investigadas con amplitud y profundidad suficientes en Brasil. Los datos considerados muestran que la ingestión dietética de fuentes de alimentos de AGPI-CL n-3 en Brasil y baja e insuficiente. Así mismo, los índices bioquímicos del estado nutricional materno para el DHA y la proporción de DHA en la leche de mujeres brasileras adultas y adolescentes son bajos, cuando se comparan con datos internacionales. Estos datos indican posible estado inadecuado para el DHA en gestantes y nutrices brasileras, pero estas evidencias merecen confirmación por medio de estudios poblacionales amplios y específicos.<br>São revistas informações publicadas recentemente sobre a ingestão de tipos de gorduras alimentícias e fontes alimentares de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa (AGPI-CL) n-3 no Brasil, juntamente com índices bioquímicos do estado nutricional para AGPI em gestantes e nutrizes e a composição em AGPI no leite de mulheres brasileiras adultas e adolescentes. Possíveis inadequações do estado nutricional do ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) nas gestantes e nutrizes brasileiras ainda não foram investigadas com abrangência e profundidade suficientes no Brasil. Os dados considerados mostram que a ingestão dietética de fontes alimentares de AGPI-CL n-3 no Brasil é baixa e insuficiente. Além disso, os índices bioquímicos do estado nutricional materno para o DHA e o teor de DHA no leite de mulheres brasileiras adultas e adolescentes são baixos, quando comparados com dados internacionais. Estes dados indicam possível estado inadequado para o DHA em gestantes e nutrizes brasileiras, mas estas evidências merecem confirmação por meio de estudos populacionais abrangentes e específicos

Nightly patterns of calling activity in anuran assemblages of the Cerrado, Brazil

Anurans living in species-rich assemblages may experience acoustic niche overlap. To deal with potential masking interference during reproductive activity, species can present acoustic partitioning based on differences in calling period. Studies addressing this question in tropical assemblages have mainly focused on the seasonal scale, and little is known about nightly variation in calling. Here, we reported on phenology and abundance of five tropical anuran assemblages at both seasonal and daily scale and tested the effects of temperature and relative humidity on calling activity patterns of 19 species. Based on 420 hourly acoustic surveys, an overall peak of calling activity in between the first and fourth hour after sunset was identified by Rayleigh’s circular test, with a gradual decrease until sunrise. This nightly pattern was followed by most of the species in the assemblages and similarly observed for species presence and abundance of calling males. The acoustic niche overlap was greater than expected by chance within the assemblages, while no pattern of coincidence or segregation was found for the syntopic congeneric species (Dendropsophus, Boana and Leptodactylus). Moreover, the calling activity of the assemblages, measured as richness and diversity of calling species, was negatively influenced by air and water temperature and positively by relative humidity. Thus, climatic variables act as driver factors to determine calling activity and reproduction of anurans at daily scale. The absence of a segregation pattern at the assembly or genus levels in the calling activity over time indicates that the use of the acoustic temporal niche is not a limiting resource for Cerrado anurans.VG would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) for doctoral fellowship, and RPB thanks the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 308204/2013-1) for research productivity fellowship. VG was supported by CAPES/PROCAD-AM 1701/2018 (Grant No. 88887.374100/2019-00). DL was supported by a Global Marie S. Curie Fellowship (EAVESTROP-661408) granted by the European Commission (Program H2020) and a post-doctoral grant (2016-T2/AMB-1722, Atracción de Talento Investigador, Spain) provided by the Comunidad de Madrid and acknowledges a research project (CGL2017-88764-R, MINECO/AEI/FEDER, Spain) by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. This paper is developed in the context of National Institutes for Science and Technology (INCT) in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, supported by MCTIC/CNPq (Proc. 465610/2014-5) and FAPEG (Proc. 201810267000023)