Inadequate Content of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) of Donor Human Milk for Feeding Preterm Infants: A Comparison with Mother's Own Milk at Different Stages of Lactation

A cross-sectional single-center study was designed to compare the fatty acids profile, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, between milk banking samples of donor human milk and mother's own milk (MOM) for feeding preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestation. MOM samples from 118 mothers included colostrum (1-7 days after delivery), transitional milk (9-14 days), and mature milk (15-28 days and ≥29 days). In the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) group, the levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) and DHA (C22:6 n3) showed opposite trends, whereas α-linolenic acid was higher in donor human milk as compared with MOM, with increasing levels as stages of lactation progressed, DHA levels were significantly lower in donor human milk than in MOM samples, which, in turn, showed decreasing levels along stages of lactation. DHA levels in donor human milk were 53% lower than in colostrum. Therefore, in preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestation, the use of pasteurized donor human milk as exclusive feeding or combined with breastfeeding provides an inadequate supply of DHA. Nursing mothers should increase DHA intake through fish consumption or nutritional supplements with high-dose DHA while breastfeeding. Milk banking fortified with DHA would guarantee adequate DHA levels in donor human milk

Pretérito perfecto simple y pretérito perfecto compuesto en las gramáticas de Juan de Miranda y de Lorenzo Franciosini

Resumen En este trabajo se describe y analiza la descripción del pretérito perfecto simple (PPS) y del pretérito perfecto compuesto (PPC) en dos textos de gran influencia en la historia de la tradición gramatical del español en Italia: Las Osservationi della lingua castigliana (Venezia, Giolito, 1566) y la Gramatica spagnola e italiana (Venezia, Sarzina, 1624), respectivamente de Giovanni Miranda y Lorenzo Franciosini. Tras la presentación de los datos más relevantes de cada gramática se analizará el proceso de gramatización de ambos tiempos en estos textos destinados a la enseñanza del español para hablantes de italiano. Abstract In this paper we present an analysis of the Spanish perfect tenses in two works of Hispanic grammaticography published in Italy during the XVI and XVII centuries: Juan de Miranda's Osservationi della lingua castigliana (Venezcia, Giolito, 1566) and Lorenzo Franciosini's Gramatica spagnola e italiana (Venezia, Sarzina, 1624). A short overview of each Grammar is followed by the analysis of the most important data on the grammatization of both past simple and past perfect. Keywords: simple past, present perfect, grammatization, Juan de Miranda, Lorenzo Franciosini

Higiene y seguridad laboral de los trabajadores del vertedero municipal de la ciudad de Estelí en el II semestre 2015

En el presente estudio investigativo se realizó una evaluación sobre. La Higiene y Seguridad Laboral de los Trabajadores del Vertedero Municipal de la Ciudad de Estelí en el II Semestre del 2015. Esta Investigación es de tipo Cuali – Cuantitativa (Mixta). Porque aborda a profundidad La Higiene y Seguridad Laboral de los trabajadores del Vertedero Municipal, Del Área de Servicios Municipales de la Alcaldía Municipal de la Ciudad de Estelí. Las principales Recomendaciones se enfocan en el seguimiento de Higiene y seguridad Laboral de los Trabajadores del Vertedero Municipal. El Universo de estudio lo constituyen: La Alcaldía Municipal de Estelí y su Área de servicios Municipales. Las Técnicas de Recolección de datos son: la Entrevista y Encuesta. Las entrevistas se realizaron al Ing. Carlos Pino Corrales Director del Área de Servicios Municipales y a Ing. Lelia Isabel Pérez Ruiz Jefe de Recolección y Tratamientos de Desechos sólidos. También se realizó Entrevista a trabajadores CPF. Y Churequeros. Se Realizó Encuesta a Trabajadores informales conocidos como Churequeros. Los principales resultados Reflejan la Situación de Higiene y Seguridad Laboral de los Trabajadores del Vertedero Municipa

Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Lipid Profile in Preterm Infants at Birth and Over the First Month of Life: A Comparative Study with Infants at Term

An observational comparative study was designed to assess the fatty acids profile in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of 30 preterm neonates (<32 weeks gestation) at birth and after 1 month of life versus a convenience sample of 10 infants born at term. The panel of fatty acids included the families and components of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as enzyme activity indexes and fatty acids ratios. At birth, the comparison of fatty acid families between preterm and term neonates showed a significantly higher content of SFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and a significantly lower content of MUFAs and n-3 PUFAs in the preterm group. After 30 days of life, significantly higher levels of n-6 PUFAs and significantly lower levels of n-3 PUFAs among preterm neonates persisted. At 30 days of birth, n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid (ARA) ARA/DHA remained significantly elevated, and DHA sufficiency index significantly decreased in the preterm group. The pattern of n-3 PUFA deficiency at birth and sustained for the first month of life would support the need of milk banking fortified with DHA and the use of DHA supplementation in breastfeeding mothers

Language and Cognition in the Andean Worldview

Se analiza la categoría de número en el sistema de persona en las lenguas quechua y aimara. El análisis se sustenta en consideraciones tanto diacrónicas como sincrónicas y el autor evalúa las propuestas inscritas en la lingüística andina. Sobre la base de este análisis, se establece la posible correlación del sistema morfológico con la cosmovisión del hombre andino. Al respecto, el autor incide en las sustantivas diferencias de la cognición andina con respecto a la estructura morfológica de una lengua occidental como la castellana.The number category in the person system is analyzed in the Quechua and Aymara languages. The analysis is based on both diachronic and synchronic considerations and the author evaluates the proposals inscribed in Andean linguistics. On the basis of this analysis, the possible correlation of the morphological system with the cosmovision of Andean man is established. In this regard, the author emphasizes the substantial differences of the Andean cognition with respect to the morphological structure of a Western language such as Spanish