“Juncos ao vento” : literatura e identidade romani (cigana) : El alma de los parias, de Jorge Nedich

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2015.Texto parcialmente liberado pelo autor. Conteúdo liberado: Metadados e resumos.Este trabalho estuda a literatura romani (cigana) contemporânea. Analisa a história e o significado da emergência no seio de uma minoria de cultura oral e, tradicionalmente, resistente à escrita. No processo de redefinição e afirmação identitária étnica, esta produção literária tem papel fundamental como alicerce unificador dos grupos romà (ciganos) dispersos. Os textos estudados falam pela etnia, ao recuperarem a história grupal e a realidade do coletivo, oferecendo às sociedades circundantes uma visão de mundo, a partir da perspectiva “de dentro”. Historicamente, os romà foram atrelados à marginalidade pelas sociedades majoritárias, o que resultou em deterioramento identitário e exclusão progressiva. Os textos romà contribuem na subversão dos discursos preconceituosos, desmistificam os estereótipos, estreitam os laços entre os grupos e, assim, reinventam a nação romani e fundam um simbólico “território” escrito. A história da etnia, inserida nas sociedades majoritárias, como objetos estereotipados nas representações literárias do “outro”, são temas abordados nesta pesquisa. A reconstrução identitária, evidenciada no corpus escolhido, efetiva-se por meio do hibridismo cultural dos “novos romà” representados, das subversões dos estereótipos e introjeções. A pesquisa aponta para a ressignificação da identidade étnica, no registro da memória e na autorrepresentação das vozes romà expressas pelo seu próprio olhar. Tem como obra norteadora das análises: El alma de los parias (2014), do escritor rom argentino Jorge Nedich, complementada por romances de autores romá representativos de distintos grupos e países.This paper reviews the contemporary Romani (gypsy) literature. It analyzes the history This paper reviews the contemporary Romani (gypsy) literature. It analyzes the history and significance of emergence, within a minority of oral culture, traditionally resistant to written legacy. In the process of redefining and affirming ethnic identity, this literary production plays a key role as a unifying foundation of the Romà (gypsy) groups dispersed around the world. The studied texts speak through the ethnic group, recovering the group history and the reality of a collective, offering the surrounding societies a world vision from the “inside” perspective. The Romàs have been historically outcasted by controlling societies, which resulted in an identity deterioration and in a progressive exclusion. Their texts contribute to the subversion of the prejudiced speech, demystify the stereotypes and strengthen ties amongst the groups, reinventing the Romani nation and founding a symbolic written “territory”. The history of the ethnic group, inserted in the controlling societies and as stereotyped objects in the literary representations of the “other”, are themes approached in this investigation. The identity reconstruction, evidenced in the chosen corpus, is effective through the cultural hybridism of the represented “new romà”, of the subversion of the stereotypes and introjections. The research points towards the redefinition of ethnic identity in the reader’s memory and self-representation of Romà voices expressed from its own point of view. The guiding work is El alma de los parias (2014), written by Argentine Romany (gypsy) Jorge Nedich, complemented by novels of representative Romà authors of different groups and countries. and significance of emergence, within a minority of oral culture, traditionally resistant to written legacy. In the process of redefining and affirming ethnic identity, this literary production plays a key role as a unifying foundation of the Romà (gypsy) groups dispersed around the world. The studied texts speak through the ethnic group, recovering the group history and the reality of a collective, offering the surrounding societies a world vision from the “inside” perspective. The Romàs have been historically outcasted by controlling societies, which resulted in an identity deterioration and in a progressive exclusion. Their texts contribute to the subversion of the prejudiced speech, demystify the stereotypes and strengthen ties amongst the groups, reinventing the Romani nation and founding a symbolic written “territory”. The history of the ethnic group, inserted in the controlling societies and as stereotyped objects in the literary representations of the “other”, are themes approached in this investigation. The identity reconstruction, evidenced in the chosen corpus, is effective through the cultural hybridism of the represented “new romà”, of the subversion of the stereotypes and introjections. The research points towards the redefinition of ethnic identity in the reader’s memory and self-representation of Romà voices expressed from its own point of view. The guiding work is El alma de los parias (2014), written by Argentine Romany (gypsy) Jorge Nedich, complemented by novels of representative Romà authors of different groups and countries.Este trabajo estudia la literatura romani (gitana) contemporánea. Analiza la historia y el significado de su surgimiento en el seno de una minoría de cultura oral y tradicionalmente reacia a la escritura. En el proceso de redefinición y afirmación de la identidad étnica, esta producción literaria tiene un papel significativo como fundamento unificador de los grupos romà (gitanos) dispersos. Los textos estudiados representan la etnia, al recuperar la historia grupal y la realidad de este colectivo, ofreciendo a las sociedades circundantes una visión de mundo bajo una perspectiva “desde dentro”. Históricamente, las sociedades mayoritarias consideraron a los romà como marginales lo que resultó en un deterioro como grupo étnico y en una progresiva exclusión. Sus textos contribuyen a la subversión de los discursos prejuiciosos, desmitifican los estereotipos y estrechan los lazos entre los diversos grupos. A su vez reinventan la nación romani y fundan un simbólico “territorio” escrito. La historia de la etnia, inserida en las sociedades mayoritarias y como objetos estereotipados en las representaciones literarias del “otro”, son temas abordados en esta investigación. La reconstrucción de la identidad, demostrada en el corpus escogido, se efectiva a través de la representación del hibridismo cultural de los “nuevos romà, de las subversiones de los estereotipos y de las introyecciones. La investigación apunta a la resignificación de la identidad étnica, el registro de la memoria y la autorepresentación de las voces romà expresadas desde su propia mirada. Los análisis se centran en la obra El alma de los parias (2014) del escritor rom argentino Jorge Nedich, complementada por novelas de autores romà representativos de distintos grupos y países

Panorama do setor editorial brasileiro

Bibliografia: p. 25.Este artigo trata do segmento editorial no Brasil, incluindo: as características do processo de produção editorial, a formação do preço do livro e sua comercialização; um panorama mundial do segmento e as principais diferenças em relação ao Brasil; e uma abordagem do mercado editorial brasileiro, o comércio exterior, as principais empresas e os indicadores econômico-financeiros do segmento. Trata também do Programa Fernando de Azevedo de Apoio à Indústria do Livro, do BNDES: os segmentos por ele apoiados, algumas considerações sobre as suas características e possíveis contribuições para o desenvolvimento do setor e algumas propostas complementares à operacionalização do Programa

Methodological strategies to access the biocultural diversity in periurban homegardens of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

El estudio de los huertos es un tema relevante en etnobotánica, tanto por ser expresión de un conocimiento botánico local, como por la significativa diversidad biocultural que preservan. Esta es resultado de la experiencia vital de las y los horticultores y a menudo permanece oculta al emplear estrategias metodológicas cualitativas habituales en la disciplina. En esta contribución se utiliza por primera vez la aproximación biográfica en el cinturón hortícola platense (Buenos Aires, Argentina), espacio pluricultural y diverso en sus modos productivos, a fin de evaluar su potencial para conocer la diversidad biocultural de la zona. Al comparar los resultados con los obtenidos por técnicas sincrónicas de observación y entrevista, se identificó un número similar de taxones, con una ampliación del número total de plantas reconocidas y utilizadas en el área. Se observó que la experiencia previa adquirida en otras regiones habilitó el uso de ciertas plantas, no habitual en el área. Se discuten las ventajas y desventajas de la aproximación biográfica y el aporte de este tipo de estudios en proyectos de desarrollo local. Se concluye que la integración de metodologías sincrónicas con los estudios biográficos resulta en un abordaje integral y complejo de la diversidad biocultural que no podría alcanzarse por una única vía metodológica.The study of homegardens is an important subject in ethnobotany, as they are the expression of local botanical knowledge, and preserve significant biocultural diversity. This diversity is the result of the vital experience of horticulturalists, but it frequently remains hidden when usual ethnobotanical qualitative methodological strategies are applied. In this contribution, a biographical approach is used for the first time in the La Plata horticultural belt (Buenos Aires, Argentina), which is pluricultural and diverse in forms of production, to evaluate its usefulness for knowing the biocultural diversity of the area. When results are compared with those obtained by synchronous observation and interview techniques, a similar number of taxa was identified, with an increase of the total number of plants recognized and used in the area. It was observed that previous experience acquired in other regions enabled the use of certain plants, not habitual in the area. Both advantages and disadvantages of the biographical approach, as well as the contribution of this kind of studies in projects of local development are discussed. It is concluded that the integration of both synchronical methodologies with biographical studies derives in an integral and complex approach to biocultural diversity, not able to be achieved by a single methological way.Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicad

Estrategias metodológicas para acceder a la diversidad biocultural en huertos del periurbano platense (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

The study of homegardens is an important subject in ethnobotany, as they are the expression of local botanical knowledge, and preserve significant biocultural diversity. This diversity is the result of the vital experience of horticulturalists, but it frequently remains hidden when usual ethnobotanical qualitative methodological strategies are applied. In this contribution, a biographical approach is used for the first time in the La Plata horticultural belt (Buenos Aires, Argentina), which is pluricultural and diverse in forms of production, to evaluate its usefulness for knowing the biocultural diversity of the area. When results are compared with those obtained by synchronous observation and interview techniques, a similar number of taxa was identified, with an increase of the total number of plants recognized and used in the area. It was observed that previous experience acquired in other regions enabled the use of certain plants, not habitual in the area. Both advantages and disadvantages of the biographical approach, as well as the contribution of this kind of studies in projects of local development are discussed. It is concluded that the integration of both synchronical methodologies with biographical studies derives in an integral and complex approach to biocultural diversity, not able to be achieved by a single methological way.El estudio de los huertos es un tema relevante en etnobotánica, tanto por ser expresión de un conocimiento botánico local, como por la significativa diversidad biocultural que preservan. Esta es resultado de la experiencia vital de las y los horticultores y a menudo permanece oculta al emplear estrategias metodológicas cualitativas habituales en la disciplina. En esta contribución se utiliza por primera vez la aproximación biográfica en el cinturón hortícola platense (Buenos Aires, Argentina), espacio pluricultural y diverso en sus modos productivos, a fin de evaluar su potencial para conocer la diversidad biocultural de la zona. Al comparar los resultados con los obtenidos por técnicas sincrónicas de observación y entrevista, se identificó un número similar de taxones, con una ampliación del número total de plantas reconocidas y utilizadas en el área. Se observó que la experiencia previa adquirida en otras regiones habilitó el uso de ciertas plantas, no habitual en el área. Se discuten las ventajas y desventajas de la aproximación biográfica y el aporte de este tipo de estudios en proyectos de desarrollo local. Se concluye que la integración de metodologías sincrónicas con los estudios biográficos resulta en un abordaje integral y complejo de la diversidad biocultural que no podría alcanzarse por una única vía metodológica

Irrigation of thymus in Paraiso Pedres lineage (Gallus gallus domesticus) birds

A vascularização arterial do timo (número, origem e ordenação) bem como a distribuição parenquimal dos ramos penetrantes foram estudadas em 40 aves da linhagem Paraíso Pedrês. Trinta aves foram injetadas com látex e dissecadas, enquanto 10 aves tiveram seus sistemas arteriais injetados com resina (metil metacrilato e mercox) para a preparação de moldes vasculares. A principal fonte de irrigação encontrada foi a associação dos ramos oriundos das artérias comuns do nervo vago, tireóideas e ingluviais, sendo que seus ramos penetravam o parênquima dos lobos, principalmente pelas suas extremidades cranial e caudal. A partir da penetração, os ramos tímicos apresentavam distribuição predominante para a periferia do lobo, formando uma trama capilar poligonal, com espaços irregulares, característica de um órgão linforreticular. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe thymus arterial vascularization (number, origin and organization) as well as the parenchymal distribution of the penetrative branches were studied in 40 birds of Paraiso Pedres lineage birds. From this total, 30 were injected with latex and dissected, while 10 had their arterial vessels injected with resin (methylmethacrylate and mercox) for the vascular matrix preparation. The main source of irrigation found was the association of branches originated from the common arteries of the vago nerve, thyroid and ingluvial, and their branches penetrated in the parenchyma of the lobes especially through the caudal and cranial endings. From this penetration, the thymic branches showed most of their distribution to the lobe periphery, creating a polygonal capilar web with irregular, spaces which is a characteristic of a linforeticular organ

Setor de shopping center no Brasil: evolução recente e perspectivas

Bibliografia: p. 186-187Este estudo tem por objetivo mapear o setor de shopping centers no Brasil, sua evolução, os principais grupos, quais as tendências para os próximos anos, assim como a atuação do BNDES no setor. O artigo também apresenta um resumido panorama internacional do setor, com destaque para os mercados norte-americano e europeu

Impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life in women with urinary incontinence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training on the quality of life (QOL) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: Prospective clinical trial with 36 women with a diagnosis of SUI confirmed by urodynamic study. Women with neuromuscular diseases, using hormone replacement therapy, and with prolapse stage III and IV were not included. The exercise protocol for the PFM consisted of slow contractions (tonic fibers), followed by rapid contractions (phasic fibers) practiced in the supine, sitting, and standing positions, three times a week for a period of three months. We evaluated the impact of PFM on QOL using the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), a voiding diary, and digital palpation to assess the function of the PFMs during the initial evaluation and after three months of treatment. The result was described as means and standard deviations. We used the Wilcoxon test for comparison of the KHQ scores for paired samples, and the significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the mean scores of the domains assessed by the KHQ regarding the perception of health, impact of the incontinence, limitations of daily activities, physical limitations, social limitations, personal relationships, emotions, sleep/disposition, and measures of severity. In agreement with these results, significant decrease in nocturnal urinary frequency and urinary incontinence, as well as significant increase in muscle strength and endurance were observed. CONCLUSION: PFM training resulted in significant improvement in the QOL of women with SUI.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) na qualidade de vida (QV) em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo com 36 mulheres com diagnóstico médico de IUE conrmado no estudo urodinâmico. Não foram incluídas mulheres com doenças neuromusculares, com uso de reposição hormonal e com prolapso grau III e IV. O protocolo de exercícios para os músculos do assoalho pélvico foi constituído de contrações lentas (bras tônicas), seguidas de contrações rápidas (bras fásicas), realizadas nas posições de decúbito dorsal, sentada e ortostática, três vezes na semana, por um período de três meses. Avaliou-se o impacto do TMAP na QV por meio do King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), diário miccional e palpação digital para avaliar a função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, durante a avaliação inicial e após os três meses de tratamento. O resultado foi descrito em médias e desvios-padrões. Utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para comparação dos escores referentes ao KHQ para amostras pareadas, e adotou-se como nível de signicância o valor de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diminuição signicativa das médias dos escores dos domínios avaliados pelos KHQ. Esses domínios consistem na percepção da saúde, impacto da incontinência, limitações das atividades diárias, limitações físicas, limitações sociais, relações pessoais, emoções, sono/disposição e também medidas de gravidade. Em concordância com esses resultados, foram observados diminuição signicativa na frequência urinária noturna e na perda urinária, bem como aumento signicativo na força e endurance muscular. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico proporcionou melhora signicativa na QV de mulheres com IUE.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de GinecologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de GinecologiaSciEL

Eficácia do treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico e de exercícios hipopressivos para o tratamento do prolapso de órgãos pélvicos em mulheres: ensaio clínico randomizado

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that women with pelvic floor dysfunctions present decreased cross-sectional area (CSA) of the levator ani muscle. One way to assess the effects of training programs is to measure the CSA of the muscle, using ultrasonography. The aim here was to evaluate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training and hypopressive exercises for increasing the CSA of the levator ani muscle in women with pelvic organ prolapse. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective randomized controlled trial at the Urogynecology outpatient clinic of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). METHODS: Fifty-eight women with stage II pelvic organ prolapse were divided into three groups for physiotherapy: a pelvic floor muscle training group (GI); a hypopressive exercise group (GII); and a control group (GIII). The patients underwent transperineal ultrasonographic evaluation using a transducer of frequency 4-9 MHz. The (CSA) of the levator ani muscle was measured before physiotherapy and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous regarding age, number of pregnancies, number of vaginal deliveries, body mass index and hormonal status. Statistically significant differences in CSA were found in GI and GII from before to after the treatment (P < 0.001), but not in relation to GIII (P = 0.816). CONCLUSIONS: The CSA of the levator ani muscle increased significantly with physiotherapy among the women with pelvic organ prolapse. Pelvic floor muscle training and hypopressive exercises produced similar improvements in the CSA of the levator ani muscle.CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos anteriores mostraram que mulheres com disfunção do assoalho pélvico possuem diminuição da área de secção transversal (AST) do músculo levantador do ânus. Uma forma de avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento é mensurar a AST do músculo por ultrassonografia. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico e de exercícios hipopressivos no aumento da AST do músculo levantador do ânus em mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado realizado no Ambulatório de Uroginecologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e oito mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos estádio II foram divididas em três grupos para tratamento fisioterapêutico: (GI) grupo de treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, (GII) grupo de exercícios hipopressivos e (GIII) grupo controle. As pacientes se submeteram a avaliação ultrassonográfica transperineal com transdutor de frequência 4-9 MHz. Foi mensurada a AST do músculo levantador do ânus antes e após 12 semanas de tratamento fisioterapêutico. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos no que se refere a idade, número de gestações, número de partos vaginais, índice de massa corpórea e estado hormonal. Diferença significante foi observada na AST de GI e GII antes e após o tratamento (P < 0,001) e isso não ocorreu com o GIII (P = 0,816). CONCLUSÕES: A AST do músculo levantador do ânus aumentou significativamente com tratamento fisioterapêutico em mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. Treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e exercícios hipopressivos são semelhantes no que se refere ao aumento da AST do músculo levantador do ânus.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of GynecologyUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsUNIFESP, Department of GynecologyFAPESP: 2007/08246-8SciEL

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: clinical characteristics and viral genotyping in a Brazilian population

This study presents 25 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) that occurred in Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Northeast region, Brazil, between January 2007 and December 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status were evaluated. Clinical and histopathological data were collected from the patients’ medical records. For the HPV infection analysis, DNA was extracted and subjected to amplification by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotyping was performed by automated sequencing. The median age of patients was 12.40 ± 12.6. years, and the juvenile form of the disease (68%) was the predominant form of disease. Female participants were predominant (60%), and they were from cities located in the interior of the State (60%). The most common clinical manifestation was dysphonia; recurrence was observed in most cases (56%), and tracheostomy was necessary in seven patients (26.9%). When comparing the RRP forms, patients in the juvenile-RRP group had higher recurrence rates and need of tracheostomy than those in the adult-RRP group. The viral genotyping analysis revealed that 47.8% of patients had low-risk HPVs, whereas 13.1% had high-risk HPVs, and in 39.1% of patients the viral genotype was not obtained. HPV-6 was the most prevalent type and Juvenile-RRP was more prevalent in our population. HPV was present at a high rate, and HPV-6 was the predominant genotype. This study serves as the basis for further studies to be conducted in the Brazilian population. Our findings aid the better understanding of RRP, possibly suggesting some prognostic factors associated with the disease aggressiveness

Correlation of enthesitis indices with disease activity and function in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis : a cross-sectional study comparing MASES, SPARCC and LEI

Background: The presence of enthesitis is associated with higher disease activity, more disability and incapacity to work and a poorer quality of life in spondyloarthritis (SpA). There is currently no consensus on which clinical score should be used to assess enthesitis in SpA. The objective of the present work was to compare the correlation of three enthesitis indices (MASES, SPARCC and LEI) with measures of disease activity and function in a heterogeneous population of patients with axial and peripheral SpA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Brazilian public university hospitals; patients fulfilling ASAS classification criteria for peripheral or axial SpA were recruited and measures of disease activity and function were collected and correlated to three enthesitis indices: MASES, SPARCC and LEI using Spearman’s Correlation index. ROC curves were used to determine if the the enthesitis indices were useful to discriminate patients with active disease from those with inactive disease. Results: Two hundred four patients were included, 71.1% (N = 145) fulfilled ASAS criteria for axial SpA and 28.9% (N = 59) for peripheral SpA. In axial SpA, MASES performed better than LEI (p = 0.018) and equal to SPARCC (p = 0.212) regarding correlation with disease activity (BASDAI) and function (BASFI). In peripheral SpA, only MASES had a weak but statistical significant correlation with DAS28-ESR (rs 0.310 p = 0.05) and MASES had better correlation with functional measures (HAQ) than SPARCC (p = 0.034). Conclusion: In this sample composed of SpA patients with high coexistence of axial and peripheral features, MASES showed statistical significant correlation with measures of disease activity and function in both axial and peripheral SpA