Redes globales de innovación

This essay aims to analyze global processes in the local. For this purpose, it presents the ethnography of one of the icons of globalization: De-territorialized production networks. In particular, complex and multiple processes through which global firms generate innovations. It analyzes the leeway the subsidiaries of this firms localized in Mexico have, to bring out collaborations at the local level geared toward the production of new knowledge and trigger innovation environments. Also it points out, national small enterprise’s resources and linkages to participate in these global networks and contribute with products that incorporate innovations.El propósito de este artículo es analizar procesos globales en lo local. Por ello se presenta la etnografía de uno de los íconos de la globalización: Las cadenas de producción desterritorializadas. En particular los múltiples y complejos procesos a través de los cuales las firmas globales generan innovaciones. Se analiza el margen de maniobra de las filiales localizadas en México para propiciar actividades de colaboración a nivel local para producir nuevo conocimiento y ser disparadoras de un ambiente innovador. Así mismo se analizan, los recursos y las vinculaciones de las pequeñas empresas nacionales para insertarse a estas cadenas globales y aportar productos que incorporen innovaciones

Top management team heterogeneity and firm performance

At this research will try to analyze the direct relation that the Upper Echelons Theory establishes between the diversity of the demographic characteristics of the top management teams and the performance. As Hambrick and Mason (1984: 193), we consider that “organizational outcomes are viewed as reflections of the values and cognitive bases of powerful actors in the organization: the top managers”. Moreover, “managerial characteristics of these top managers are indicators of firm performance” (1984: 196). Premise that we will try to test in this research across the empirical contrast of five hypotheses and a theoretical model. The results of our research reveal us how of five raised hypotheses, three are fulfilled in its entirety, one was fulfilling partially to the being the sense of the existing relation the inverse one to the raised one, and one is not fulfilled

Top management teams in the Spanish global business environment: an empirical study

The use of top management teams is expanding in response to the turbulence and complexity of the global business environment (Cohen and Bailey, 1997). To perform well among growing competition greater efficiency is required and top management teams bring not only more resources into the organization but also different kinds of skills and knowledge to success it. Top management teams are very common and crucial subject of study in North American researches. Nerveless, in the Spain context exist a big empty in the literature. This absence is the main motivation for the current study

Ser emprendedor en el México del siglo XXI

Este constituye un libro importante para México y para las áreas de emprendimiento e innovación en México y América Latina, ya que contribuye al desafío fundamental de liberar el discurso del emprendimiento y la práctica de los emprendedores mexicanos de la concepción “correcta y oficial” del emprendimiento y la innovación que aún impera en México. También brinda una serie de ejemplos, ilustraciones y análisis teóricos y prácticos acerca de la capacidad de cambio con que cuentan los jóvenes emprendedores mexicanos si se les empodera y amplía su espacio de acción

Unilateral focused ultrasound subthalamotomy in early Parkinson's disease: a pilot study

[Background] Unilateral focused ultrasound subthalamotomy (FUS-STN) improves motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in moderately advanced patients. The less invasive nature of FUS makes its early application in PD feasible. We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of unilateral FUS-STN in patients with PD of less than 5 years from diagnosis (early PD).[Methods] Prospective, open-label study. Eligible patients with early PD had highly asymmetrical cardinal features. The primary outcome was safety, defined as treatment-related adverse events at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included efficacy, assessed as motor improvement in the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), motor fluctuations, non-motor symptoms, daily living activities, quality of life, medication and patients’ impression of change.[Results] Twelve patients with PD (median age 52.0 (IQR 49.8–55.3) years, median time from diagnosis 3.0 (2.1–3.9) years) underwent unilateral FUS-STN. Within 2 weeks after treatment, five patients developed dyskinesia on the treated side, all resolved after levodopa dose adjustment. One patient developed mild contralateral motor weakness which fully resolved in 4 weeks. One patient developed dystonic foot and another hand and foot dystonia. The latter impaired gait and became functionally disabling initially. Both cases were well controlled with botulinum toxin injections. The off-medication motor MDS-UPDRS score for the treated side improved at 12 months by 68.7% (from 14.5 to 4.0, p=0.002), and the total motor MDS-UPDRS improved by 49.0% (from 26.5 to 13.0, p=0.002). Eleven patients (92%) reported global improvement 12 months after treatment.[Conclusion] Unilateral FUS-STN may be safe and effective to treat motor manifestations in patients with early PD. A larger confirmatory trial is warranted.[Trial registration number] NCT04692116.This study was supported by Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales and Fundación MAPFRE. ENV was supported in 2021 for this specific project by a fellowship from the Movement Disorders Group of the Spanish Neurology Society (Sociedad Española de Neurología, SEN) granted by Zambon.Peer reviewe

Key Factors Associated With Pulmonary Sequelae in the Follow-Up of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Introduction: Critical COVID-19 survivors have a high risk of respiratory sequelae. Therefore, we aimed to identify key factors associated with altered lung function and CT scan abnormalities at a follow-up visit in a cohort of critical COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Multicenter ambispective observational study in 52 Spanish intensive care units. Up to 1327 PCR-confirmed critical COVID-19 patients had sociodemographic, anthropometric, comorbidity and lifestyle characteristics collected at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters throughout hospital stay; and, lung function and CT scan at a follow-up visit. Results: The median [p25–p75] time from discharge to follow-up was 3.57 [2.77–4.92] months. Median age was 60 [53–67] years, 27.8% women. The mean (SD) percentage of predicted diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at follow-up was 72.02 (18.33)% predicted, with 66% of patients having DLCO < 80% and 24% having DLCO < 60%. CT scan showed persistent pulmonary infiltrates, fibrotic lesions, and emphysema in 33%, 25% and 6% of patients, respectively. Key variables associated with DLCO < 60% were chronic lung disease (CLD) (OR: 1.86 (1.18–2.92)), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR: 1.56 (1.37–1.77)), age (OR [per-1-SD] (95%CI): 1.39 (1.18–1.63)), urea (OR: 1.16 (0.97–1.39)) and estimated glomerular filtration rate at ICU admission (OR: 0.88 (0.73–1.06)). Bacterial pneumonia (1.62 (1.11–2.35)) and duration of ventilation (NIMV (1.23 (1.06–1.42), IMV (1.21 (1.01–1.45)) and prone positioning (1.17 (0.98–1.39)) were associated with fibrotic lesions. Conclusion: Age and CLD, reflecting patients’ baseline vulnerability, and markers of COVID-19 severity, such as duration of IMV and renal failure, were key factors associated with impaired DLCO and CT abnormalities

Capitulo 2. Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Tecnología

La diseminación de la Levitación Magnética, a pesar de lo antiguo de su tecnología, ha sido limitada. Debido a sus inconvenientes prácticos de implementación, su uso es bastante restringido, comparado con otras tecnologías (SCMaglev japonés, Transrapid alemán, o productos comerciales para ocio y entretenimiento). Con el boom de las tecnologías limpias y amigables con el medio ambiente y en concordancia con los objetivos del milenio, es pertinente plantearse el objetivo de optimizar el proceso de Levitación Magnética para generar un aprovechamiento de las ventajas de esta tecnología a nivel mecánico, eléctrico, y ambiental.&nbsp; Actualmente la UNAD adelanta un proyecto de investigación cuyo objetivo es generar un modelo físico matemático de levitación magnética para aplicaciones en ingeniería. De este proyecto se ha derivado una primera revisión sistemática de los principios físicos y los modelos vigentes en Levitación Magnética