Sublethal effects induced by captopril on Cyprinus carpio as determined by oxidative stress biomarkers

Artículo científicoTo our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate captopril-induced oxidative stress in fish, and specifically in the common carp Cyprinus carpio. At present, very few studies in the international literature evaluate the suble- thal effects of captopril on aquatic organisms such as fish, and available ones focus on determination of median lethal concentration in crustaceans and algae. Also, studies evaluating these effects do not make reference to the mechanism of action of this pharmaceutical or its toxicokinetics. This limits our knowledge of the character- ization of the sublethal effects of this medication and of its potential ecological impact. The present study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects induced by three different concentrations of captopril, on C. carpio), by determi- nation of activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione perox- idase (GPx), as well as indicators of cellular oxidation: hydroperoxide content (HPC), lipid peroxidation (LPX) and protein carbonyl content (PCC). Specimens were exposed for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to three different cap- topril concentrations: 1 μg L− 1, 1 mg L− 1 and 100 mg L− 1 (the first one has been detected environmentally, the other two have been associated with diverse toxic effects in aquatic species), and brain, gill, liver, kidney and blood samples were evaluated. Significant increases in HPC and LPX were observed mainly in kidney and gill, while PCC also increased in brain. Modifications were found in the activity of SOD (mostly in kidney, brain and blood), CAT (all organs) and GPx (kidney and gill). In conclusion, captopril induces oxidative stress in C. carpi

Legal pluralism: implications epistemologica

Este artículo analiza el llamado Pluralismo Jurídico. Desde una perspectiva filosófica se establecen las consecuencias lógicas y conceptuales que puede tener esta teoría para guiar las prácticas interpretativas del Derecho. Para esto, y como estrategia, se aclara primero el iusnaturalismo y el iuspositivismo, mostrado sus puntos de vista críticos, con respecto a ciertos criterios de objetividad emanados desde la epistemología. Luego se revisa al Pluralismo Jurídico, señalando que a pesar de que puede arrastrar las críticas del iusnaturalismo, y el iuspositivismo, su compromiso moderado con mínimos universales humanos, lo blinda del relativismo y subjetivismo.This bibliographic Revision Article is presented as exhaustive exploration the so-called legal pluralism. From a philosophical perspective establishes the conceptual and logical consequences can have this theory to guide the interpretive practices of law. For this, and as a strategy, it is clarified first jus-jus-naturalism and positivism, shown their critical views with respect to certain criteria of objectivity arising from epistemology. Then we review the legal pluralism, noting that even though you can drag the criticism of jusnaturalism, and jus-positivism, commitment moderate with minimal human universals, the shielding of relativism and subjectivism

H-376, híbrido de maíz para producción de forraje y grano en el bajío y la región norte centro de México

En la región norte centro de México (Estados de Aguascalientes, Zacatecas, Durango y Chihuahua) se siembran 47 mil hectáreas con maíz para forraje en condiciones de riego, y alrededor de 94 mil hectáreas para grano, a las cuales se suman 113 mil hectáreas de riego del Estado de Guanajuato en la zona de El Bajío (SIAP, 2007). En la región norte centro la producción media de materia seca de maíz se estima en 15.5 t ha-1 (47.7 t ha-1 de forraje verde) y la de grano en 6.0 t ha-1, aunque algunos productores obtienen más de 20 t ha-1 de forraje seco y más de 10 t ha-1 de grano. En El Bajío el promedio de producción de grano en riego es de 8.2 t ha-1 (SIAP, 2007). Los rendimientos de forraje son similares al promedio nacional que reporta la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA), pero a nivel experimental se han producido más de 22 t ha-1 (Peña et al., 2004; Núñez et al., 2006). La producción de materia seca de los híbridos que se ofrecen en el mercado varía de 15 a 23 t ha-1 y la digestibilidad de 63 a 79 %, la mayoría por abajo de 70 % (Núñez et al., 2006)

Heterosis y aptitud combinatoria para producción y calidad de forraje en seis poblaciones de maíz

Six corn populations drawn from outstanding forage quality germplasm, and 15 of their direct crosses were assessed in four sites located between 1,117 and 1,932 m asl. The purpose of the present study was to determine general and specific combining ability and mid parent heterosis for whole plant dry matter (TDM), ear dry matter (EDM), stover dry matter (SDM), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) and crude protein (CP). Populations showed significant differences for all dry matter yield characteristics, but not for forage quality, while crosses showed differences for EDM and IVDMD. General combining ability effects (GCA) were high and significant only for TDM, while specific combining ability effects (SCA) were significant for IVDMD. Population P3 had the highest GCA for TDM (0.66 t ha-1) and P5F for EDM (0.49 t ha-1). Early cross P1*P2 had the highest heterosis for TDM (17.6 %) and highly significant SCA effects for both TDM and IVDMD (1.48 t ha-1 and 22.6 g kg-1, respectively), while crosses P2*P5F, P1*P4 and P1*P6F had high mid parent heterosis for EDM, with values ranging from 18.6 % to 26.2 %. None of the crosses showed mid parent heterosis for forage traits of importance.Seis poblaciones de maíz derivadas de fuentes de germoplasma sobresalientes por sus cualidades forrajeras y sus 15 cruzas directas se evaluaron en cuatro localidades entre 1,117 y 1,932 m sobre el nivel del mar. El objetivo fue determinar la aptitud combinatoria general y específica, y la heterosis media para variables de producción: materia seca total (MST), de elote (MSEL) y de rastrojo (MSRAS) y variables de calidad del forraje: digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS), contenido de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y proteína cruda (PC). Las poblaciones difirieron significativamente en las tres variables de producción, pero no en calidad forrajera, en cambio las cruzas difirieron en producción de MSEL y en DIVMS. Los efectos de aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) fueron significativos sólo para MST y MSEL, mientras que los efectos de aptitud combinatoria específica (ACE), lo fueron adicionalmente para DIVMS. La población P3 tuvo la mayor ACG para MST (0.66 t ha-1), y la población P5F para MSEL (0.49 t ha-1). La cruza precoz P1xP2 presentó la heterosis media más alta para MST con 17.6 % y efectos positivos y significativos de ACE para MST y DIVMS con valores de 1.48 t ha-1 y 22.6 g kg-1. En cambio, las cruzas P2xP5F, P1xP4 y P1xP6F tuvieron los valores de heterosis más altos para MSEL con valores de 18.1 a 26.2 %. Ninguna cruza tuvo heterosis media importante para caracteres de calidad de forraje

Effect of the aniline fragment in Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes as anti-proliferative agents. Standard reduction potential as a more reliable parameter for Pt(IV) compounds than peak reduction potential

The problems of resistance and side effects associated with cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic drugs have boosted research aimed at finding new compounds with improved properties. The use of platinum(IV) prodrugs is one alternative, although there is some controversy regarding the predictive ability of the peak reduction potentials. In the work described here a series of fourteen chloride Pt(II) and Pt(IV) compounds was synthesised and fully characterised. The compounds contain different bidentate arylazole heterocyclic ligands. Their cytotoxic properties against human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast carcinoma (MCF7) and human colon carcinoma (HCT116 and HT29) cell lines were studied. A clear relationship between the type of ligand and the anti-proliferative properties was found, with the best results obtained for the Pt(II) compound that contains an aniline fragment, (13), thus evidencing a positive effect of the NH2 group. Stability and aquation studies in DMSO, DMF and DMSO/water mixtures were carried out on the active complexes and an in-depth analysis of the two aquation processes, including DFT analysis, of 13 was undertaken. It was verified that DNA was the target and that cell death occurred by apoptosis in the case of 13. Furthermore, the cytotoxic derivatives did not exhibit haemolytic activity. The reduction of the Pt(IV) compounds whose Pt(II) congeners were active was studied by several techniques. It was concluded that the peak reduction potential was not useful to predict the ability for reduction. However, a correlation between the cytotoxic activity and the standard reduction potential was found.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (RTI2018-100709-B-C21 to BRM, RTI2018-100709-B-C22 to AM, RTI2018-094093-B-I00 to RSP), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha-FEDER (JCCM) (grant SBPLY/19/180501/000260 to BRM), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Project PID2019-104381GB-I00 to GC), Fundación Leticia Castillejo Castillo to MJRH, Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación y Cultura y Fondo Social Europeo (Projects BU263P18 and BU087G19 to JVC) as well as UCLM-FEDER (grants 2019-GRIN-27183 and 2019-GRIN-27209 to BRM) and University of Girona (MPCUdG2016/076 to AM)

Application of In Vitro plant tissue culture techniques to halophyte species: A review

Halophytes are plants able to thrive in environments characterized by severe abiotic conditions, including high salinity and high light intensity, drought/flooding, and temperature fluctuations. Several species have ethnomedicinal uses, and some are currently explored as sources of food and cosmetic ingredients. Halophytes are considered important alternative cash crops to be used in sustainable saline production systems, due to their ability to grow in saline conditions where conventional glycophyte crops cannot, such as salt-affected soils and saline irrigation water. In vitro plant tissue culture (PTC) techniques have greatly contributed to industry and agriculture in the last century by exploiting the economic potential of several commercial crop plants. The application of PTC to selected halophyte species can thus contribute for developing innovative production systems and obtaining halophyte-based bioactive products. This work aimed to put together and review for the first time the most relevant information on the application of PTC to halophytes. Several protocols were established for the micropropagation of different species. Various explant types have been used as starting materials (e.g., basal shoots and nodes, cotyledons, epicotyls, inflorescence, internodal segments, leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, shoot tips, or zygotic embryos), involving different micropropagation techniques (e.g., node culture, direct or indirect shoot neoformation, caulogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, rooting, acclimatization, germplasm conservation and cryopreservation, and callogenesis and cell suspension cultures). In vitro systems were also used to study physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in halophytes, such as functional and salt-tolerance studies. Thus, the application of PTC to halophytes may be used to improve their controlled multiplication and the selection of desired traits for the in vitro production of plants enriched in nutritional and functional components, as well as for the study of their resistance to salt stress.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Formación de los tutores de las prácticas externas como herramienta eficaz en la mejora del aprendizaje del estudiante y su inserción laboral

El objetivo del proyecto es mejorar la calidad de la tutorización de las prácticas externas y fomentar las buenas prácticas que garanticen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Están implicados tutores académicos, externos, instituciones y estudiante