La huerta comunitaria como herramienta pedagógica en barrios periurbanos de Mar del Plata (Argentina): una propuesta de intervención

En este trabajo se realiza una propuesta de intervención comunitaria tras identificar las principales problemáticas que sufren los barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina). Para ello, se ha realizado un trabajo de campo y un análisis tanto del contexto general como de la comunidad. Esta propuesta tiene como fin último la emancipación de la población vulnerada a través de la creación de un espacio basado en la no violencia, la cooperación y la cohesión social: la huerta comunitaria pedagógica. Con esta herramienta se pretenden favorecer procesos socioeducativos en un espacio seguro y de esparcimiento -necesario para personas que conviven en ambientes cargados de violencia-, un espacio que pueda fomentar en el futuro varias líneas de trabajo emancipadoras.Grado en Educación Socia

Comprehensive multiphysics modeling of photocatalytic processes by computational fluid dynamics based on intrinsic kinetic parameters determined in a differential photoreactor

AbstractThis work describes the procedure for the simulation of the operation of a photocatalytic reactor by using a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on the determination of the intrinsic kinetics parameters in an optically differential photoreactor. The model includes the rigorous description of the hydrodynamics, radiation transfer, mass transport and chemical reaction rate based on a mechanistic kinetic model. Possible existence of dead and recirculation zones has been identified from the flow field, showing a non-uniform flow through the reactor domain. The theoretical laminar profile is not reached due to the short length of the annular core and the departure from the ideal models has been quantified. The predicted velocity field has been experimentally validated with good agreement by injecting a tracer. The radiation field was simulated for slurry TiO2 suspensions with concentrations between 0.005 and 5g·L−1, showing an optimum catalyst loading around 0.1–0.2g·L−1. Above this value, the increase in the absorption of radiation is negligible, whereas a more non-uniform radiation profile develops, keeping the most external regions of the reactor in the dark. The results of photocatalytic activity, using methanol oxidation as test reaction, showed good agreement between model predictions and experimental data, with errors between 2% and 10% depending on the catalyst concentration. The successful validation confirms not only the scientific background of the model, but also supports its applicability for engineering purposes in the design and optimization of large scale photocatalytic reactor to overcome some of limitations hindering the industrial development of this technology

Validation of a structured role assignment methodology in group work for engineering courses = Validación de una metodología de asignación estructurada de roles en el trabajo en grupo en asignaturas de ámbito ingenieril

La incorporación de actividades de trabajo en equipo en los programas de formación universitaria es esencial, ya que es una de las habilidades más valoradas para los profesionales en el campo de la ingeniería. La selección de los grupos de trabajo por parte del profesor es una estrategia que puede conducir a un mejor desempeño en las tareas colaborativas. Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre los criterios conscientes para la selección de grupos de trabajo basados en los roles de los estudiantes. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las dinámicas de trabajo en equipo entre estudiantes de diversas disciplinas dentro de los cursos de ingeniería. Se examinaron las opiniones de más de 600 estudiantes matriculados en 10 programas de grado y posgrado. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes de cursos avanzados se sienten más cómodos asumiendo el papel de líder, mientras que los estudiantes de primer año no tienen un perfil claramente definido. La evaluación de los estudiantes con esta metodología también muestra ciertas variaciones dependiendo del año y el tipo de actividad. En general, en los grupos con mejor rendimiento, la mayoría de los miembros reciben evaluaciones similares de sus compañeros.AbstractThe incorporation of teamwork activities in university training programs is essential, as it is one of the most valued skills for professionals in the field of engineering. The selection of working groups by the teacher is a strategy that can lead to better performance in collaborative tasks. This study presents the results of research on the conscious selection criteria for group work based on students’ roles. The research aimed to analyze teamwork dynamics among students from various disciplines within engineering courses. The opinions of over 600 students enrolled in 10 undergraduate and postgraduate programs were examined. The results indicate that students in advanced courses feel more comfortable taking on the role of leader, while first-year students do not have a well-defined profile. The evaluation of students using this methodology also shows certain variations depending on the year and type of activity. Overall, in the highest-performing groups, most members receive similar evaluations from their peers

Transfusion practices in brazilian Intensive Care Units (pelo FUNDO-AMIB)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anemia of critical illness is a multifactorial condition caused by blood loss, frequent phlebotomies and inadequate production of red blood cells (RBC). Controversy surrounds the most appropriate hemoglobin concentration trigger for transfusion of RBC. We aimed to evaluate transfusion practices in Brazilian ICUs. METHODS: A prospective study throughout a 2-week period in 19 Brazilian ICUs. Hemoglobin (Hb) level, transfusion rate, organ dysfunction assessment and 28-day mortality were evaluated. Primary indication for transfusion and pretransfusion hemoglobin level were collected for each transfusion. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-one patients with an ICU length of stay longer than 48h were included. An Hb level lower than 10 g/dL was found in 33% on admission in the ICU. A total of 348 RBC units were transfused in 86 patients (36.5%). The mean pretransfusion hemoglobin level was 7.7 ± 1.1 g/dL. Transfused-patients had significantly higher SOFA score (7.9 ± 4.6 vs 5.6 ± 3.8, p < 0.05, respectively), days on mechanical ventilation (10.7 ± 8.2 vs 7.2 ± 6.4, p < 0.05) and days on vasoactive drugs (6.7 ± 6.4 vs 4.2 ± 4.0, p < 0.05) than non-transfused patients despite similar APACHE II scores (15.2 ± 8.1 vs 14.2 ± 8.1, NS). Transfused patients had higher mortality rate (43.5%) than non-transfused patients (36.3%) (RR 0.60-1.15, NS). Only one patient (0.28%) had febrile non-hemolytic transfusion and urticarial reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia is common in critically ill patients.It seems from the present study that transfusion practices in Brazil have had a more restrictive approach with a lower limit transfusion trigger.JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anemia é uma condição comum em pacientes graves. A transfusão de hemoderivados aumenta de forma significativa o risco de transmissão de agentes infecciosos e afeta o perfil imunológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incidência de anemia e a prática de transfusão de hemácias em UTI brasileiras. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico, realizado em 19 UTI em um período de duas semanas. A presença de anemia, as indicações e a utilização de concentrados de hemácias, foram avaliadas diariamente. As complicações que ocorreram durante a internação na UTI e após a transfusão da primeira unidade de concentrado de hemácias foram registradas. RESULTADOS: Um total de 33% apresentava anemia na admissão na UTI e esta proporção aumentou para 55% no final de sete dias de internação. Um total de 348 unidades de concentrado de hemácias foi transfundido em 86 pacientes (36,5%). A média de suas unidades por paciente foi 4,1 ± 3,3 U. O nível de hemoglobina limiar para a transfusão de CH foi 7,7 ± 1,1 g/dL. Pacientes transfundidos tinham mais disfunções orgânicas avaliadas pelo escore SOFA (7,9 ± 4,6 versus 5,6 ± 3,8, transfundidos versus não transfundidos, p < 0,05). As taxas de mortalidade foram 43,5% e 36,3% em pacientes transfundidos e não transfundidos, respectivamente (RR 0,61-11,7, NS). Pacientes transfundidos tiveram número maior de complicações (1,58 ± 0,66 versus 1,33 ± 0,49, p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: A anemia é comum em UTI brasileiras. O limiar transfusional de hemoglobina foi menor do que o observado em outros paises.Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoUniversidade de São PauloUFRGS Departamento de Medicina Interna HC de Porto AlegreUniversidade Paris VIUFRJ CTI dos Hospitais Cardiotrauma Ipanema e São LucasAMIBUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaUFRGS FAMED HCPAFaculdade de Medicina de CatanduvaUNIFESP-EPMFundação Padre Albino UTI do Complexo HospitalarUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Dor e Terapia Intensiva Setor de TerapiaSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São PauloHospital Unimed de LimeiraUTI do Hospital Regional de AssisAMIB Departamento de MedicinaAmerican CollegeFundação Getúlio VargasHospital Pró CardíacoUNIRIOFGVHospital Santa Helena de GoiâniaHospital evangélico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim Unidade coronarianaSBNHospital Evangélico Cachoeiro de Itapemirim UTI Adulto e CoronarianaUFRJUFRN Hospital Onofre Lopes UTIHospital Novo AtibaiaUNIFESP, EPMUNIFESP, Disciplina de Anestesiologia, Dor e Terapia Intensiva Setor de TerapiaSciEL

Laboratori virtual d'ensenyament-aprenentatge: solució numèrica de les equacions de conservació mitjançant volums finits aplicades a superfícies esteses

En este treball es presenta el disseny d’un Laboratori virtual d’ensenyament-aprenentatge per a la resolució d’un problema model de Transferència de la Calor en la matèria d’Enginyeria Tèrmica del II curs del Grau d’Enginyer de Tecnologies Industrials de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid. En l’àmbit de la Dinàmica de Fluids Computacional i per mitjà de l’ús del programari de simulació d’Ansys Fluent s’introduïx l’alumne al disseny, modelatge del sistema, resolució, anàlisi i validació del model. El resultat d’esta experiència d’aprenentatge és no sols la mera resolució del problema, inabordable amb mètodes didàctics tradicionals, sinó el desenvolupament de la combinació de destreses, habilitats i coneixements necessaris per a l’adquisició d’algunes de les competències generals i específiques de l’Enginyeria Tèrmica

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism in PLHC-1 and ZFL cells exposed to tributyltin an all-trans retinoic acid

There is increasing awareness that exposure to endocrine disrupters interferes with lipid homeostasis in vertebrates, including fish. Many of these compounds exert their action by binding to nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptor. This work investigates the use of fish liver cells (PLHC-1 and ZFL cells) for the screening of metabolic and lipid disrupters in the aquatic environment by assessing changes in the cell’s lipidome after exposure to the model compounds, tributyltin chloride and all-trans retinoic acid. Lipid extracts, analyzed by FIA-ESI (+/-) Orbitrap, evidenced the intracellular accumulation of triglycerides and diglycerides in both cell models after exposure 100 and 200 nM tributyltin chloride for 24 h. Exposure to 1 µM all-trans retinoic acid led to a significant accumulation of triglycerides in PLHC-1 cells, while few triglycerides were accumulated in ZFL cells. Retinoic acid (cyp26b1, cyp3a65, lrata) and lipid metabolism (fasn, scd, elovl6) related genes were up-regulated by tributyltin chloride and all-trans retinoic acid, while only all-trans retinoic acid down-regulated the expression of dgat1a. The two cell models show sensitivity and responses to tributyltin chloride and all-trans retinoic acid comparable to those previously reported in mammalian cells. These results support the use of fish liver cells as alternative models for the detection of contaminants that act as lipid disrupters in the aquatic environment.Work financed by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, under the projects CGL2014-52144-P and PGC2018-097513-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). Anna Marqueño acknowledges a pre-doctoral fellowship BES-2015-074842.Peer reviewe

Laboratorio virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje: solución numérica de las ecuaciones de conservación mediante volúmenes finitos aplicadas a superficies extendidas

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un Laboratorio virtual de enseñanza-aprendizaje para la resolución de un problema modelo de Transferencia del Calor en la materia de Ingeniería Térmica del II curso del Grado de Ingeniero de Tecnologías Industriales de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid. En el ámbito de la Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional y mediante el uso del software de simulación de Ansys Fluent se introduce el alumno al diseño, modelado del sistema, resolución, análisis y validación del modelo. El resultado de esta experiencia de aprendizaje es no solo la mera resolución del problema, inabordable con métodos didácticos tradicionales, sino el desarrollo de la combinación de destrezas, habilidades y conocimientos necesarios para la adquisición de algunas de las competencias generales y específicas de la Ingeniería Térmica

Práticas de gestão e representações sociais do administrador: algum problema?

Nós examinamos, neste artigo, as representações sociais de estudantes de graduação em administração para situações em que a ética e a competitividade estão presentes de forma paradoxal. O objetivo do estudo é identificar como o sentido construído pelos estudantes sobre o que é a administração, a organização e o papel do administrador os leva a um determinado posicionamento simbólico acerca deste paradoxo. Tal problemática é examinada à luz da Critical Management Education e da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Nosso estudo é de natureza qualitativa e utilizamos como procedimentos metodológicos o teste de associação de palavras, o completion test para a análise de cinco casos noticiados pela mídia escrita e televisiva e a construção de desenhos-tema. Os resultados evidenciam o posicionamento simbólico ambíguo e contraditório dos estudantes em relação ao papel do administrador e à prática de gestão adequada nas referidas situações

Comparación de membranas de titanio de anodización potenciostáticas y galvanostáticas para un proceso híbrido fotocatalítico/microfiltración

Hybrid photocatalysis/membrane processes constitute promising alternatives for water and wastewater treatment because they combine the efficiencies of filtration membranes technology and the oxidative effect of the photocatalytic process, increasing the lifetime of the membranes. The main challenge of these systems is the incorporation of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyst without altering the filtration properties of the membrane and the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. One way to achieve this goal is generating the TiO2 layer by direct anodization of titanium supports under controlled conditions to form titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NTs). This work reports the development of novel photocatalytic titanium membranes based on the formation of TiO2-NT arrays by anodization under both potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions, and the scaling-up of the most promising systems to operational membrane photoreactors. The results demonstrated that the galvanostatic method displays more controlled tuneability to obtain NTs formation than the potentiostatic method on porous surfaces. However, despite the formation of TiO2-NTs structures, the observed photocatalytic activity is lower than that exhibited by TiO2 nanoparticles deposited directly on the membrane, although in this case the transmembrane pressure is significantly higher, and therefore the operational pumping costs are greater. Synergistic effects of photocatalysis and microfiltration are clearly demonstrated in the application of the hybrid system to the removal of bacteria for water disinfection processes, showing a significant improvement in the inactivation of E. coli bacteria in water with respect to the bare membrane.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)Comunidad de MadridDepto. de Química InorgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu