Hepatectomia extendida por hepatocarcinoma en paciente no cirrotico: Hepatectomy extended by hepatocarcinoma in non cirrhotic patient

Hepatocarcinoma is the second cause of death in the world related to cancer and in our country we find patients with large liver tumors that are unresectable and are only tributaries of palliative treatments with little survival, however with an adequate selection of patients in teams multidisciplinary we can offer an extended hepatectomy to many of these patients, so we present the case of a young adult patient with hepatitis B and giant hepatocarcinoma to which we performed an extended left hepatectomy is disease free survival at 14 months after surgery.   DOI 10.25176/RFMH.v18.n4.1738  El hepatocarcinoma es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo relacionada con el cáncer y en nuestro país encontramos a pacientes con grandes tumores hepáticos que son irresecables y solo son tributarios de tratamientos paliativos con escasa sobrevida, sin embargo con una adecuada selección de pacientes en equipos multidisciplinarios podemos ofrecerle una hepatectomia extendida a muchos de estos paciente, por lo que presentamos el caso de un paciente adulto joven con hepatitis B y hepatocarcinoma gigante al que le realizamos una hepatectomia izquierda extendida son una sobrevida libre de enfermedad a los 14 meses de operado.   DOI 10.25176/RFMH.v18.n4.1738 &nbsp

Multimodal Analysis of the Visual Pathways in Friedreich's Ataxia Reveals Novel Biomarkers

Friedreich's ataxia; MRI; BiomarkersAtaxia de Friedreich; Resonancia magnética; BiomarcadoresAtàxia de Friedreich; Ressonància magnètica; BiomarcadorsBackground Optic neuropathy is a near ubiquitous feature of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Previous studies have examined varying aspects of the anterior and posterior visual pathways but none so far have comprehensively evaluated the heterogeneity of degeneration across different areas of the retina, changes to the macula layers and combined these with volumetric MRI studies of the visual cortex and frataxin level. Methods We investigated 62 genetically confirmed FRDA patients using an integrated approach as part of an observational cohort study. We included measurement of frataxin protein levels, clinical evaluation of visual and neurological function, optical coherence tomography to determine retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and macular layer volume and volumetric brain MRI. Results We demonstrate that frataxin level correlates with peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and that retinal sectors differ in their degree of degeneration. We also shown that retinal nerve fibre layer is thinner in FRDA patients than controls and that this thinning is influenced by the AAO and GAA1. Furthermore we show that the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers are affected in FRDA. Our MRI data indicate that there are borderline correlations between retinal layers and areas of the cortex involved in visual processing. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the uneven distribution of the axonopathy in the retinal nerve fibre layer and highlight the relative sparing of the papillomacular bundle and temporal sectors. We show that thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer is associated with frataxin levels, supporting the use the two biomarkers in future clinical trials design. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.This project has received funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 634541, from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC EP/R006032/1, M020533/1, G007748, I027084, N018702) and from Rosetrees Trust (UK), which supported FG. FG is currently supported by the investigator-initiated PREdICT study at the Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (Barcelona), funded by AstraZeneca and CRIS Cancer Foundation. Funding support from Spinal Research (UK), Wings for Life (Austria), Craig H. Neilsen Foundation (USA) for jointly funding the INSPIRED study, Wings for Life (#169111), UK Multiple Sclerosis Society (grants 892/08 and 77/2017), Department of Health's National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centres and UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre is also acknowledged. FP is funded by NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Council. Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott (CGWK) received funding from the MS Society (#77), Wings for Life (#169111), Horizon2020 (Human Brain Project), BRC (#BRC704/CAP/CGW), MRC (#MR/S026088/1), Ataxia UK. CGWK is a shareholder in Queen Square Analytics Ltd. No other authors have any financial disclosures to declare. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The sponsor and funding organisation had no role in the design or conduct of this research

Behavior of Space Charge in Polyimide and the Influence on Power Semiconductor Device Reliability

Polyimide is widely used in film form as a passivation material for power semiconductor devices such as Si, SiC, and GaN. The magnitude of the electric field at the edge termination area of these semiconductor devices is becoming higher due to the increase of operational voltage and/or demand for shrinking the edge termination area to increase device active area. Hence, it is concerned that the accumulation of space charge in the encapsulation and passivation material may affect the insulation performance of these devices, for example, the degradation of withstand voltage due to distortion of the internal electric field caused by space charge accumulation. To design space charge resistance of semiconductor devices, it is important to understand the space charge behavior in polyimide films with a thickness of several to several tens of micrometers. This chapter addresses practical implementation, specifications, and issues on space charge in polyimide insulation on power semiconductor devices focusing on the space charge measurements in thin polyimide films using the latest developed LIMM method and DC conductivity measurements