Una valoración de la geografía y la diáspora africana

El estudio de la diáspora Africana se ha vuelto un area vibrante de investigación y enseñanza en los años recientes a través de las disciplinas. Sin embargo, hay muy pocas contribuciones geográficas. Este artículo busca invertir esta tendencia. Se revisa el trabajo relevante de geógrafos en el Atlántico Negro para identificar temas prometedores para la investigación futura. La dispersión de plantas Africanas y el papel de los esclavos en establecer estas plantas es especialmente prometedor. Esta dirección de investigación clarifica los componentes Africanos de Intercambio Colombino mientras llama la atención sobre la importancia de la subsistencia en el negocio transatlántico de esclavos y la economía de las plantaciones. Las comidas básicas de origen Africano sirvieron a la subsistencia y a la memoria. Plantas Africanas figuran de manera prominente en los caminos de la comida en la diáspora, las practicas litúrgicas de las religiones Afro-sincréticas, y en las historias orales de Maroon

Between Land and Sea: Mangroves and Mollusks along Brazil’s Mangal Coast

Westerners have long viewed mangroves as forbidding, pestilential landscapes. While modern medicine transformed their deadly reputation, the perception lingered of an environment that was little more than a tropical wasteland. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro profoundly changed this view by drawing attention to the ecosystem as a habitat crucial to the life cycles of many species and endangered fauna yet increasingly at risk from deforestation. Conservation initiatives in the years since the Rio Summit, however, seldom recognize mangroves as a habitat that has also long supported human life. This is evident in the shell middens found along mangrove coasts and in the historical record of shellfish harvested for dietary protein. With a focus on Brazil, this article examines the shellfish that sustained Amerindians, enslaved Africans, and their descendants along the mangal coast since pre-Columbian times. The discussion contends that Brazil’s mangrove forests cannot be separated from the history of the tropical peoples who have successively lived in and managed this ecosystem from ancient times to the present. Finally, the article concludes that a research focus on shellfish suggests broader linkages to South Atlantic history.Os ocidentais há muito consideram os manguezais como paisagens proibitivas e pestilentas. Enquanto a medicina moderna transformou sua reputação mortal, a percepção permaneceu como de um ambiente que era pouco mais do que um deserto tropical. A Cúpula da Terra de 1992 no Rio de Janeiro mudou profundamente este ponto de vista, chamando a atenção para o ecossistema como um habitat crucial para os ciclos de vida de muitas espécies e fauna ameaçada, mas cada vez mais em risco de desmatamento. As iniciativas de conservação nos anos que se seguiram à Cúpula do Rio, entretanto, raramente reconhecem os manguezais como um habitat que há muito dá suporte à vida humana. Isto é evidente nos sambaquis encontrados ao longo dos Manguezais da costa e no registro histórico dos moluscos colhidos para a dieta proteica. Com foco no Brasil, este artigo examina os mariscos que sustentaram ameríndios, africanos escravizados, e seus descendentes ao longo dos Mangais da costa desde os tempos pré-Colombianos. A discussão alega que as florestas de manguezais do Brasil não podem ser separadas da história dos povos tropicais que viveram e manejaram esse ecossistema desde os tempos antigos até o presente. Finalmente, o artigo conclui que um foco de pesquisa sobre moluscos sugere laços mais amplos com a história do Atlântico Sul

O Arroz Africano na História do Novo Mundo

Rice was introduced to multiple regions of the Americas during the colonial period. Rice plantations flourished in the U.S. southeast and eighteenth-century Brazil. Long attributed to European initiative, recent scholarship suggests that enslaved Africans provided more than labor to the emergence of rice as a food crop in the western hemisphere. This emerges from scholarly consensus that rice was independently domesticated in West Africa 3,000 years ago and further recognition of its role as provisions on transatlantic slave ships. This article summarizes the research findings in support of African agency in New World rice cultivation. A comparative historical approach to Atlantic rice culture suggests African cultural antecedents. The discussion examines the role of enslaved rice-growing Africans in transferring the seed and cultivation skills critical for pioneering the crop’s establishment in the Americas.O arroz foi introduzido em várias regiões das Américas durante o período colonial. As plantações de arroz floresceram no sudoeste dos Estados Unidos e no Brasil do século XVIII. Fortemente atribuído à iniciativa europeia, estudos recentes sugerem que os escravos africanos proporcionaram mais do que mão-de-obra para o surgimento do arroz como cultura alimentar no hemisfério ocidental. Isso decorre do consenso escolar de que o arroz foi domesticado independentemente na África Ocidental há 3.000 anos e um reconhecimento adicional do seu papel como provisão em navios de escravos transatlânticos. Este artigo resume os resultados da pesquisa em apoio à agência africana no cultivo de arroz do Novo Mundo. Uma abordagem histórica comparativa da cultura do arroz atlântico sugere antecedentes culturais africanos. A discussão examina o papel dos escravos africanos cultivadores de arroz na transferência da semente e habilidades de cultivo críticas para iniciar o estabelecimento da safra nas Américas

Migration, Settlement, and Memories Among Africans and Their Descendants in the Ibero-Atlantic

Dr. Judith A. Carney and Dr. Lorelle Semley make up this panel. As individuals and groups migrate from one geographical area and settle in another, they make connections between the spaces they leave and the spaces to which they travel. . In these movements, they engage in processes of transculturation, selectively shedding some beliefs and practices, taking on new ones, and contributing the beliefs and practices that they bring to their new place and society. . These processes of change occur within unequal relationships of power. . This panel will examine the movement of Africans and their descendants around the Ibero-Atlantic world, with a particular focus on the processes of transculturation, or the diffusion and infusion of symbolic memories, political ideologies and everyday practices into American spaces, noting the particularities of experience defined by race, caste, gender, and calidad.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/greenleaf_symposia/1000/thumbnail.jp

Carta Editorial

Carta Editoria

Neoliberal Policy, Rural Livelihoods and Urban Food Security in West Africa: A Comparative Study of The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire and Mali

This study examines the impact of two decades of neoliberal policy reform on food production and household livelihood security in three West African countries. The rice sectors in The Gambia, Côte d’Ivoire, and Mali are scrutinized as well as cotton and its relationship to sorghum production in Mali. Although market reforms were intended to improve food production, the net result was an increasing reliance on imported rice. The vulnerability of the urban populations in The Gambia and Côte d’Ivoire became especially clear during the 2007–2008 global food crisis when world prices for rice spiked. Urban Mali was spared the worst of this crisis because the country produces more of its own rice and the poorest consumers shifted from rice to sorghum, a grain whose production increased steeply as cotton production collapsed. The findings are based on household and market surveys as well as on an analysis of national level production data.Keywords: rice, Green Revolution, livelihood security, food crisis, agricultural polic

Smoking Profile of Woodside Juvenile Detention Center and Interventional Goal-Setting Workshop

Abstract: We studied smoking status among teenage residents at the Woodside Juvenile Rehabilitation Center (Woodside) in Vermont. Using a modified CDC survey and focus groups, we found that short-term detention residents (S group) were significantly more likely to be “smokers” than the long-term treatment residents (L group). All residents reported that stress had an important impact on their lives. Based on our findings, we implemented a goal setting workshop for both L and S groups.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1002/thumbnail.jp

Economic models for sustainable interprofessional education

Limited information exists on funding models for interprofessional education (IPE) course delivery, even though potential savings from IPE could be gained in healthcare delivery efficiencies and patient safety. Unanticipated economic barriers to implementing an IPE curriculum across programs and schools in University settings can stymie or even end movement toward collaboration and sustainable culture change. Clarity among stakeholders, including institutional leadership, faculty, and students, is necessary to avoid confusion about IPE tuition costs and funds flow, given that IPE involves multiple schools and programs sharing space, time, faculty, and tuition dollars. In this paper, we consider three funding models for IPE: (a) Centralized (b) Blended, and (c) Decentralized. The strengths and challenges associated with each of these models are discussed. Beginning such a discussion will move us toward understanding the return on investment of IPE

Archaeobotany in Australia and New Guinea: practice, potential and prospects

Archaeobotany is the study of plant remains from archaeological contexts. Despite Australasian research being at the forefront of several methodological innovations over the last three decades, archaebotany is now a relatively peripheral concern to most archaeological projects in Australia and New Guinea. In this paper, many practicing archaeobotanists working in these regions argue for a more central role for archaeobotany in standard archaeological practice. An overview of archaeobotanical techniques and applications is presented, the potential for archaeobotany to address key historical research questions is indicated, and initiatives designed to promote archaeobotany and improve current practices are outlined