Aliénation et authenticité : Rousseau et le rousseauisme dans la critique sociale romantique

Barbara Carnevali, chercheur invité de l’IEA-Paris Le séminaire a été consacré à l’héritage de la pensée de Rousseau dans la critique sociale moderne et notamment dans sa tradition « romantique », cette dénonciation de la modernité qui jaillit de la perception d’une rupture historique et métaphysique par rapport à une condition originaire où la vie humaine serait menée sous une forme plus naturelle, plus belle et plus vraie. Se réclamant de la puissance normative de l’idée de nature, le criti..

Esthétique sociale

Barbara Carnevali, chercheur invité de l’IEA-Paris Le cours s’est déroulé en douze séances, qui ont été suivies par une moyenne de dix auditeurs par séance. Le public était composé d’étudiants de l’EHESS en différentes disciplines (philosophie, esthétique, anthropologie, sociologie, arts) et d’autres auditeurs libres. Les quatre premières rencontres ont été consacrées à une présentation générale du sujet (Qu’est-ce que l’« esthétique sociale » ? Quels sont son domaine, ses enjeux, ses approch..

Esthétique sociale

Barbara Carnevali, chercheur invité de l’IEA-Paris Le cours s’est déroulé en douze séances, qui ont été suivies par une moyenne de dix auditeurs par séance. Le public était composé d’étudiants de l’EHESS en différentes disciplines (philosophie, esthétique, anthropologie, sociologie, arts) et d’autres auditeurs libres. Les quatre premières rencontres ont été consacrées à une présentation générale du sujet (Qu’est-ce que l’« esthétique sociale » ? Quels sont son domaine, ses enjeux, ses approch..

Aliénation et authenticité : Rousseau et le rousseauisme dans la critique sociale romantique

Barbara Carnevali, chercheur invité de l’IEA-Paris Le séminaire a été consacré à l’héritage de la pensée de Rousseau dans la critique sociale moderne et notamment dans sa tradition « romantique », cette dénonciation de la modernité qui jaillit de la perception d’une rupture historique et métaphysique par rapport à une condition originaire où la vie humaine serait menée sous une forme plus naturelle, plus belle et plus vraie. Se réclamant de la puissance normative de l’idée de nature, le criti..

ROLE OF XENOSIALIZATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF COLITIS IN THE CANINE MODEL: POSSIBLE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF NEW PROBIOTICS BLENDS

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation with no exact known cause. In dogs, IBD is expressed histologically with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation (LPL) of gastrointestinal tract. The study evaluates the possible correlation between microbiota, dietary absorption,enteric expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) (xenosialization) and intestinal inflammation (xenosialitis) in dogs with IBD. Neu5Gc is indeed synthesized from its N-acetyl precursor (Neu5Ac) by cytidine-5′-monophospho-N acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), absent in humans, and polymorphic in dogs

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Community Psychiatric Services in Northern Italy

The Covid-19 pandemic, started brutally in February 2020 in Northern Italy (first European area hit by virus), has induced the most drastic and prolonged containment measures by a European government. The most affected areas of the Italian territory were Lombardy and Veneto. A severe and global lock-down was ordered for more than two months, with the closure of essential medical services among others. All health resources have been diverted to address the health crisis caused by the pandemic. During the lock-down, however, the only community medicine services that remained open were mental health services: psychiatry, the area of addictions, child neuropsychiatry. The community facilities have always provided services favoring, on the one hand, the maintenance of care and rehabilitation paths for patients in care, and on the other, allowing anyone who needs to have access to treatment. The operators were also involved at the forefront in the management of covid + patients and in the support paths for the management of the operators’ stress. In this chapter, we want to describe the working conditions and the organizational responses of our services, referring to a large catchment area of the region most affected by covid-19

Possible Role of Dietary N-glycolyneuraminic Acid and Dysbiosis in Canine Enteropathy Pathogenesis

N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is synthesized from its N-acetyl precursor (Neu5Ac) by cytidine-50- monophospho-N acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH). Absent in humans and ferrets, it is polymorphic in dogs. Loss of the CMAH gene generate a change in the structural profile of glycans of all tissues inducing the production of antibodies against Neu5Gc-glycans..

Induced sputum is a reproducible method to assess airway inflammation in asthma.

To evaluate the reproducibility of induced sputum analysis, and to estimate the sample size required to obtained reliable results, sputum was induced by hypertonic saline inhalation in 29 asthmatic subjects on two different days. The whole sample method was used for analysis, and inflammatory cells were counted on cytospin slides. Reproducibility, expressed by intra-class correlation coefficients, was good for macrophages (+0.80), neutrophils (+0.85), and eosinophils (+0.87), but not for lymphocytes (+0.15). Detectable differences were 5.5% for macrophages, 0.6% for lymphocytes, 5.2% for neutrophils, and 3.0% for eosinophils. We conclude that analysis of induced sputum is a reproducible method to study airway inflammation in asthma. Sample sizes greater than ours give little improvement in the detectable difference of eosinophil percentages

Evidence for a Prehypertensive Water Dysregulation Affecting the Development of Hypertension: Results of Very Early Treatment of Vasopressin V1 and V2 Antagonism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

In addition to long-term regulation of blood pressure (BP), in the kidney resides the initial trigger for hypertension development due to an altered capacity to excrete sodium and water. Betaine is one of the major organic osmolytes, and its betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter (BGT-1) expression in the renal medulla relates to interstitial tonicity and urinary osmolality and volume. This study investigated altered water and sodium balance as well as changes in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) activity in female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats from their 3-5 weeks of age (prehypertensive phase) to SHR's 28-30 weeks of age (established hypertension-organ damage). Young prehypertensive SHRs showed a reduced daily urine output, an elevated urine osmolarity, and higher immunostaining of tubule BGT-1, alpha-1-Na-K ATPase in the outer medulla vs. age-matched WKY. ADH circulating levels were not different between young prehypertensive SHR and WKY, but the urine aquaporin2 (AQP2)/creatinine ratio and labeling of AQP2 in the collecting duct were increased. At 28-30 weeks, hypertensive SHR with moderate renal failure did not show any difference in urinary osmolarity, urine AQP2/creatinine ratio, tubule BGT-1, and alpha-1-Na-K ATPase as compared with WKY. These results suggest an increased sensitivity to ADH in prehypertensive female SHR. On this basis, a second series of experiments were set to study the role of ADH V1 and V2 receptors in the development of hypertension, and a group of female prehypertensive SHRs were treated from the 25th to 49th day of age with either V1 (OPC21268) or V2 (OPC 41061) receptor antagonists to evaluate the BP time course. OPC 41061-treated SHRs had a delayed development of hypertension for 5 weeks without effect in OPC 21268-treated SHRs. In prehypertensive female SHR, an increased renal ADH sensitivity is crucial for the development of hypertension by favoring a positive water balance. Early treatment with selective V2 antagonism delays future hypertension development in young SHRs

Garlic consumption in relation to colorectal cancer risk and to alterations of blood bacterial DNA

PURPOSE: Garlic consumption has been inversely associated to intestinal adenoma (IA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, although evidence is not consistent. Gut microbiota has been implied in CRC pathogenesis and is also influenced by garlic consumption. We analyzed whether dietary garlic influence CRC risk and bacterial DNA in blood. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in Italy involving 100 incident CRC cases, 100 IA and 100 healthy controls matched by center, sex and age. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary habits and garlic consumption. Blood bacterial DNA profile was estimated using qPCR and16S rRNA gene profiling. We derived odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IA and CRC according to garlic consumption from multiple conditional logistic regression. We used Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests to evaluate taxa differences in abundance and prevalence. RESULTS: The OR of CRC for medium/high versus low/null garlic consumption was 0.27 (95% CI = 0.11-0.66). Differences in garlic consumption were found for selected blood bacterial taxa. Medium/high garlic consumption was associated to an increase of Corynebacteriales order, Nocardiaceae family and Rhodococcus genus, and to a decrease of Family XI and Finegoldia genus. CONCLUSIONS: The study adds data on the protective effect of dietary garlic on CRC risk. Moreover, it supports evidence of a translocation of bacterial material to bloodstream and corroborates the hypothesis of a diet-microbiota axis as a mechanism behind the role of garlic in CRC prevention