Personalidad Tipo D, hábitos de vida y riesgo cardiovascular

The interaction of negative affect and stable social inhibition traits (Type D personality) is related to unhealthy lifestyle habits and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether lifestyle habits mediate the relationship between Type D personality and blood pressure (BP) as a cardiovascular risk factor. A total of 91 participants (54.90% women) aged over 45 were assessed with measures of subjective health, Type D personality, lifestyle habits and BP. The Baron and Kenny’s (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes’ (2008) procedure were used to analyse the mediation model. Results indicated that the relationship between Type D personality and systolic BP was partially mediated by lifestyle habits whereas a full mediation was observed in the case of diastolic BP. The practice of unhealthy habits could explain the indirect mechanism by which Type D personality is related to morbidity and mortality risk in cardiovascular patients.Personalidad Tipo D, hábitos de vida y riesgo cardiovascular. La interacción del afecto negativo e inhibición social (personalidad Tipo D) se relaciona con los hábitos de vida y el riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo de este estudio fue dilucidar si los hábitos de vida median la relación entre personalidad Tipo D y presión arterial (PA) como factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Un total de 91 participantes mayores de 45 años (54.90% mujeres) fueron evaluados de salud subjetiva, hábitos de vida, personalidad Tipo D y PA. Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008) para el análisis mediacional. Los hábitos de vida mediaron parcialmente la relación entre personalidad Tipo D y PA sistólica y, de manera total, la relación entre personalidad Tipo D y PA diastólica. La práctica de hábitos no saludables podría explicar el mecanismo indirecto mediante el cual la personalidad Tipo D se relaciona con el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes cardíacos

Body Composition Impact on Sleep in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Sedentariness, Physical Activity, and Diet

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Imran Khan for the language and editing assistance.Obesity and sleep disturbances are both related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with sleep in young adults, considering the mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. A total of 187 adults aged 18–25 (35.29% men) participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, and waist–height ratio were calculated, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition. Sedentary time and physical activity, as well as sleep duration and quality, were objectively and subjectively measured using accelerometry and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. An inverse association was found between BMI and total sleep time (β = −0.165, p = 0.029). Waist–hip ratio and lean mass index were also negatively associated with total sleep time (β = −0.222, p = 0.007, and β = −0.219, p = 0.004) and sleep efficiency (β = −0.174, p = 0.037, and β = −0.188, p = 0.013). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the association of BMI with total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Sedentary time is, therefore, a link/risk factor mediating the association of high BMI with short sleep duration in healthy young men.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/01393Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via Retos de la Sociedad DEP2016-79512-RSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)Spanish Government FPU16/01093Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Red EXERNET) DEP2005-00046Fundacion Iberoamericana de Nutricion (FINUT)Redes Tematicas de Investigacion Cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMID) RD16/0022AstraZenecaUniversity of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016 Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades (ERDF) SOMM17/6107/UG

Role of physical activity and fitness on sleep in sedentary middle‑aged adults: the FIT‑AGEING study

The authors would like to thank the participants for their involvement in this research. We are grateful to Dr. Ángel Gutiérrez for his valuable scientific advices. Financial support for this project was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU14/04172 and FPU16/01093). This study is part of a Ph.D. Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spain.The association of physical activity and fitness with sleep still remains unclear since there is a lack of studies in this field of research using objective measurements of these variables. This study aimed to investigate the association of objectively-measured sedentariness, physical activity levels, and physical fitness with sleep quantity and quality in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 +/- 5.1) were recruited for the present study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured through a maximal treadmill test, and muscular strength by extension and flexion peak torque, and by the hand grip test. Physical activity and objective sleep parameters were determined through accelerometry, and subjective sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Reduced levels of sedentariness, greater VO2max, and greater muscular strength were positively related to improved objective sleep quantity and quality (all P <= 0.05). Furthermore, higher levels of overall physical activity, VO2max, and muscular strength were related to better subjective sleep quantity and quality (all P <= 0.05). Reduced sedentariness and increased physical activity and fitness may be a potential prevention and/or treatment pathway to reduce sleep disturbances and, in general, to improve patients physical and psychological health for a successful aging process.Spanish Government FPU14/04172 FPU16/0109

Body Composition Impact on Sleep in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Sedentariness, Physical Activity, and Diet

Obesity and sleep disturbances are both related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with sleep in young adults, considering the mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. A total of 187 adults aged 18–25 (35.29% men) participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, and waist–height ratio were calculated, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition. Sedentary time and physical activity, as well as sleep duration and quality, were objectively and subjectively measured using accelerometry and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. An inverse association was found between BMI and total sleep time (β = −0.165, p = 0.029). Waist–hip ratio and lean mass index were also negatively associated with total sleep time (β = −0.222, p = 0.007, and β = −0.219, p = 0.004) and sleep efficiency (β = −0.174, p = 0.037, and β = −0.188, p = 0.013). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the association of BMI with total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Sedentary time is, therefore, a link/risk factor mediating the association of high BMI with short sleep duration in healthy young men

Is Sleep Associated with the S-Klotho Anti-Aging Protein in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults? The FIT-AGEING Study

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education (grant numbers FPU14/04172, FPU16/01093). This study is part of a Ph.D. Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spain.Sleep and Klotho have both been closely related to the ageing process, both playing a substantial role in the endocrine and immune systems and, thereby, in oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, there are no studies elucidating the relationship between sleep and Klotho. Therefore, this study investigated the association of sleep quantity and quality with the shed form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho plasma levels) in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 ± 5.1) were recruited for the present study. Objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE)) were determined using a wrist-worn accelerometer over seven consecutive days, and the subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality). The S-Klotho plasma levels were measured in the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Objective sleep parameters were associated with the S-Klotho plasma levels only after including the age, fat mass percentage, and lean mass index as covariates. A direct relationship was observed between the subjective sleep quality (inverse of PSQI scores) and the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. Improving sleep quantity and quality could be considered an anti-aging therapeutic approach for the prevention, slowing, and even reversal of the physiological decline and degenerative pathologies that are certainly related to the aging process.Spanish Government FPU14/04172 FPU16/0109

Body Composition Impact on Sleep in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Sedentariness, Physical Activity, and Diet

Obesity and sleep disturbances are both related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with sleep in young adults, considering the mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. A total of 187 adults aged 18–25 (35.29% men) participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, and waist–height ratio were calculated, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition. Sedentary time and physical activity, as well as sleep duration and quality, were objectively and subjectively measured using accelerometry and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. An inverse association was found between BMI and total sleep time (β = −0.165, p = 0.029). Waist–hip ratio and lean mass index were also negatively associated with total sleep time (β = −0.222, p = 0.007, and β = −0.219, p = 0.004) and sleep efficiency (β = −0.174, p = 0.037, and β = −0.188, p = 0.013). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the association of BMI with total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Sedentary time is, therefore, a link/risk factor mediating the association of high BMI with short sleep duration in healthy young men

Time of the day of exercise impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To compare the effect of a single bout of morning vs. evening exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of studies was conducted using PubMed andWeb of Science from inception to June 2022. Selected studies accomplished the following criteria: crossover design, acute effect of exercise, blood pressure, blood glucose, and/or blood lipids as the study's endpoint, awashout period of at least 24 h, and adults.Meta-analysis was performed by analyzing: 1) separated effect of morning and evening exercise (pre vs. post); and 2) comparison between morning and evening exercise. Results: A total of 11 studies were included for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 10 studies for blood glucose. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between morning vs. evening exercise for systolic blood pressure (g Δ=0.02), diastolic blood pressure (g Δ=0.01), or blood glucose (g Δ=0.15). Analysis of moderator variables (age, BMI, sex, health status, intensity and duration of exercise, and hour within the morning or evening) showed no significant morning vs. evening effect. Conclusions: Overall, we found no influence of the time of the day on the acute effect of exercise on blood pressure neither on blood glucose.Spanish Government FPU19/0374

Sleep and Anabolic/Catabolic Hormonal Profile in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults: The FIT-AGEING Study

Sleep quality plays an important role in the modulation of several aging markers. This influence could be explained by aging-induced hormonal changes. Indeed, poor sleep quality has been associated with the development of several endocrine-related health complications. This study examined the relationship of both subjective and objective sleep quantity and quality, with basal levels of selected plasma anabolic and catabolic hormones in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 5.1) were recruited for this study. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality), and objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time [TST], wake after sleep onset [WASO], and sleep efficiency [SE]) were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Basal levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), somatotropin, and cortisol levels, were determined. Free testosterone was calculated from the total testosterone and SHBG levels. No associations of global PSQI score, TST, WASO, and SE with DHEAS, free testosterone, and somatotropin plasma levels were found, neither in men nor in women (all p 0.05). Global PSQI score was inversely related to cortisol plasma levels in women (p = 0.043). WASO was positively associated with cortisol plasma levels, while SE was negatively associated with cortisol plasma levels in women (all p 0.027). Sleep quality is not related to levels of plasma anabolic hormones, but to levels of catabolic hormones, in sedentary middle-aged adults. Therefore, these results suggest that potential changes in aging biomarkers associated with sleep disturbances, could be mediated by age-related changes in the catabolic endocrine system

Effect of a Weight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention on Dietary Behavior in Men with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The INTERAPNEA Trial

This study investigated the effects of an eight-week interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention on dietary behavior in men who were overweight/had obesity and moderateto- severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It was based on data from INTERAPNEA (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03851653); a randomized clinical trial conducted from April 2019 to April 2020. Men aged 18–65 years with moderate-to-severe OSA and a body mass index 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a usual-care group or an eight-week interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention combined with usual-care. Dietary behavior was assessed through the Food Behavior Checklist (FBC) and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Of the 89 participants who underwent randomization, 75 completed the intervention endpoint assessment, 89 participants being therefore included in the intention-to-treat analyses, and 75 in the per-protocol approach. As compared with usual-care, the intervention group had greater improvements at intervention endpoint in dietary behavior, as measured by the FBC total score (20% increase in FBC total score, mean between-group difference, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 5.7 to 11.7), and MEDAS total score (33% increase in MEDAS total score, mean between-group difference, 2.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 2.9). At 6 months after intervention, the intervention group also had greater improvements in both the FBC total score (15% increase) and MEDAS total score (25% increase), with mean between-group differences of 7.7 (CI 95%, 4.4 to 10.9) and 1.7 (CI 95%, 0.9 to 2.6), respectively. An eight-week interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention resulted in meaningful and sustainable improvements in dietary behavior, including adherence to the Mediterranean diet in men who were overweight/ had obesity and CPAP-treated moderate-to-severe OSA.Spanish Government FPU16/01093 FPU14/04172 FPU19/01609University of Granada-LoMonaco S.L. Sleep Research Cathedra University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016-Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Enterprise, and Universities (CECEU) of Andalusia (European Regional Development Funds) SOMM17/6107/UG