The Aberdeen Weight-Bearing Test (Knee) : a new objective test for anterior knee discomfort

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Comparative Ultrastructure Of Digestive Diverticulae In Bathymodiolin Mussels: Discovery Of An Unknown Spherical Inclusion (Six) In Digestive Cells Of A Seep Mussel

Mussels in the genus Bathymodiolus host endosymbiotic bacteria in their gills, from which the mussel derives much of its nutrition. Bathymodiolin mussels also have functional digestive systems and, as in shallow-water mytilid mussels, cells of the digestive diverticulae are of two types: basophilic secretory cells and columnar digestive cells. Cellular contents of secretory and digestive cells of Bathymodiolus thermophilus and Bathymodiolus brevior from deep-sea hydrothermal vents are comparable to cellular contents of these cell types observed in shallow-water mytilids. In the seep mussel Bathymodiolus heckerae, cellular contents of columnar cells were anomalous, being dominated by an unknown cellular inclusion herein called spherical inclusion unknown or SIX. SIX was observed in all digestive cells and some basophilic cells of B. heckerae examined with TEM. It is a large (2-10-mu m diameter) and abundant (7 +/- 1.5 inclusions per epithelial cell section) inclusion, with a double external membrane and stacked internal lamellae. No microbial DNA was detected in digestive tubules of B. heckerae using molecular probes, preferential DNA amplification techniques, or DAPI staining, suggesting that SIX is not a unicellular parasite or symbiont. The ubiquity and abundance of SIX within cells of the digestive diverticula suggest that it has an important cellular function (positive or negative), yet to be determined

Using Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to Analyze Young Women’s Constructions of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

This case study introduces the reader to Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) as applied to a cross-cultural project around young women’s constructions of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. We introduce common qualitative research approaches in psychology. We discuss two main types of Discourse Analysis in psychology and why a Foucauldian discourse analysis was adopted here. In this case we examine examples of our data according to Carla Willig’s (2008) approach to Foucauldian discourse analysis using six stages: discursive constructions, discourses, action orientation, positionings, practice and subjectivity. Finally, we consider the main limits and strengths with a Foucauldian discourse analysis

Development of a cross-cultural HPV community engagement model within Scotland

Objective To examine cultural barriers and participant solutions regarding acceptance and uptake of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine from the perspective of Black African, White-Caribbean, Arab, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani young people.Methods Forty young people from minority ethnic communities in Scotland took part in a qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and four paired interviews, to explore their views and experiences of the HPV vaccine. Using critical discursive psychology, the analysis focussed on young people’s accounts of the barriers and enablers to information, access and uptake of the HPV vaccination programme.Results Participants suggested innovative strategies to tackle intergenerational concerns, information design and accessibility, and public health communications across diverse contexts. A cross-cultural community engagement model was developed, embracing diversity and contradiction across different ethnic groups. This included four inter-related strategies: providing targeted and flexible information for young people; vaccine provision across the life-course; intergenerational information and; specific cross-cultural communications.Conclusion This is the first HPV cross-cultural model inductively derived from accounts of young people from different ethnic communities. We recommend public health practitioners and policymakers consider utilising the processes and strategies illustrated within this model in order to increase dialogue around public engagement, awareness and receptivity towards the HPV vaccination

Academic Functioning and Mental Health in Adolescence

The current study examines patterns of academic functioning and mental health in 184 middle school children and the relation of such patterns to their prior and subsequent functioning. Data were collected from children during their second, third, fourth, eighth, and ninth grade school years. Cluster analyses were used to delineate patterns of academic functioning and mental health during eighth grade. The authors examined the relation of these patterns to academic functioning and mental health 1 year later the transition to high school, and then examined the long-term developmental roots of the eighth grade patterns using data collected during elementary school years. Results indicated variegated patterns of academic and emotional functioning at eighth grade and stability in these patterns across the high school transition. Some long-term continuity was found among children showing uniformly positive or negative functioning at eighth grade. Studying child functioning across multiple domains and time periods is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68127/2/10.1177_0743558499142002.pd

Electroimmunoblotting of myelin basic protein peptides: a novel approach to the rapid characterisation of antigenic specificities of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-MBP antibodies

A rapid and sensitive method for the identification of antigenic determinants recognised by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against myelin basic protein (MBP) is described. By electroimmunoblotting a series of overlapping peptides covering the entire MBP molecule with monoclonal anti-MBP antibodies, the binding pattern of immunoreactive peptides can be rapidly determined and the reactive antigenic determinant identified. This procedure, which can be performed with both native and synthetic peptides, can also with appropriate modification, be applied to the analysis of naturally occuring or experimentally induced polyclonal anti-MBP autoantibodies. © 1988

Association between early temperament and depression at 18 years.

BACKGROUND: Early childhood temperament, particularly negative emotionality (high tendency to show distress), may be a risk factor for subsequent depression. METHODS: Using data from a large UK cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), we examined the association between temperament on the Emotionality Activity Sociability Questionnaire at age 6 and ICD-10 depression at 18. Results were adjusted for a range of confounders. RESULTS: Children with high emotionality scores at age 6 had a 20% (7-36%) increase in the odds of being diagnosed with depression at age 18. CONCLUSIONS: Depression at 18 years has an early developmental diathesis, which means we may be able to identify children at risk of developing depression in young adulthood

Special Issues in Reforming Middle Level Schools

In this article, some of the particular issues relevant to changing middle level schools were examined. Recent research has increasingly examined the educational needs of early adolescent students, and school reforms frequently have been called for Often, these calls for reform have not been accompanied by careful consideration of the many factors, some particular to middle level schools, that can inhibit meaningful, lasting change. Described is a recently concluded 3-year project to produce a task-focused learning environment at both the middle and elementary school levels. Using qualitative data (including interviews, field notes, audio recordings of weekly meetings with the staff at the middle school, and an open-ended survey question), some of the issues are explored that make creating changes in middle level schools a particularly challenging endeavorPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67634/2/10.1177_0272431695015001003.pd