84 research outputs found
Measurement of net electric charge and dipole moment of dust aggregates in a complex plasma
Understanding the agglomeration of dust particles in complex plasmas requires
a knowledge of the basic properties such as the net electrostatic charge and
dipole moment of the dust. In this study, dust aggregates are formed from gold
coated mono-disperse spherical melamine-formaldehyde monomers in a
radio-frequency (rf) argon discharge plasma. The behavior of observed dust
aggregates is analyzed both by studying the particle trajectories and by
employing computer models examining 3D structures of aggregates and their
interactions and rotations as induced by torques arising from their dipole
moments. These allow the basic characteristics of the dust aggregates, such as
the electrostatic charge and dipole moment, to be determined. It is shown that
the experimental results support the predicted values from computer models for
aggregates in these environments.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Landslide displacement forecasting using deep learning and monitoring data across selected sites
Accurate early warning systems for landslides are a reliable
risk-reduction strategy that may significantly reduce fatalities
and economic losses. Several machine learning methods have
been examined for this purpose, underlying deep learning (DL)
models’ remarkable prediction capabilities. The long short-term
memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithms are
the sole DL model studied in the extant comparisons. However,
several other DL algorithms are suitable for time series forecasting
tasks. In this paper, we assess, compare, and describe seven DL
methods for forecasting future landslide displacement: multi-layer
perception (MLP), LSTM, GRU, 1D convolutional neural network
(1D CNN), 2xLSTM, bidirectional LSTM (bi-LSTM), and an architecture
composed of 1D CNN and LSTM (Conv-LSTM). The investigation
focuses on four landslides with different geographic locations,
geological settings, time step dimensions, and measurement
instruments. Two landslides are located in an artificial reservoir
context, while the displacement of the other two is influenced just
by rainfall. The results reveal that the MLP, GRU, and LSTM models
can make reliable predictions in all four scenarios, while the Conv-
LSTM model outperforms the others in the Baishuihe landslide,
where the landslide is highly seasonal. No evident performance
differences were found for landslides inside artificial reservoirs
rather than outside. Furthermore, the research shows that MLP is
better adapted to forecast the highest displacement peaks, while
LSTM and GRU are better suited to model lower displacement
peaks. We believe the findings of this research will serve as a precious
aid when implementing a DL-based landslide early warning
system (LEWS).SUPPORTO
SCIENTIFICO PER L’OTTIMIZZAZIONE, IMPLEMENTAZIONE E
GESTIONE DEL SISTEMA DI MONITORAGGIO CON AGGIORNAMENTO
DELLE SOGLIE DI ALLERTAMENTO DEL FENOMENO
FRANOSO DI SANT’ANDREA – PERAROLO DI CADORE (BL)”
and the Spanish Grant “SARAI, PID2020-116540RB-C21,MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033” and “RISKCOASTInSAR displacement data of the El Arrecife landslideGeohazard Exploitation Platform (GEP) of the European
Space AgencyNoR Projects Sponsorship
(Project ID: 63737
Measurement of the vertical non-uniformity of the plasma sheath in a complex plasma
Employing an attenuated oscillation method, the anisotropic interaction force
between two vertically aligned dust particles located in the sheath of a
complex plasma was measured experimentally based on a linear approximation to
the interaction force. Experimental data shows that although both particles
experience a repulsive interaction force, the upper particle experiences a
stronger magnitude force than does the lower. This result can be explained by
the ion wakefield since the lower particle resides within the ion wakefield
generated by the streaming ions passing through the sheath and around the upper
particle
The effect of thermophoresis on the discharge parameters in complex plasma experiments
Thermophoresis is a tool often applied in complex plasma experiments. One of
the usual stated benefits over other experimental tools is that changes induced
by thermophoresis neither directly depend on, nor directly influence, the
plasma parameters. From electronic data, plasma emission profiles in the
sheath, and Langmuir probe data in the plasma bulk, we conclude that this
assumption does not hold. An important effect on the levitation of dust
particles in argon plasma is observed as well. The reason behind the changes in
plasma parameters seems to be the change in neutral atom density accompanying
the increased gas temperature while running at constant pressure.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure
Improving landslide inventories by combining satellite interferometry and landscape analysis: the case of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)
An updated and complete landslide inventory is the starting
point for an appropriate hazard assessment. This paper presents
an improvement for landslide mapping by integrating data from
two well-consolidated techniques: Differential Synthetic Aperture
Radar (DInSAR) and Landscape Analysis through the normalised
channel steepness index (ksn). The southwestern sector of the Sierra
Nevada mountain range (Southern Spain) was selected as the case
study. We first propose the double normalised steepness (ksnn)
index, derived from the ksn index, to remove the active tectonics
signal. The obtained ksnn anomalies (or knickzones) along rivers
and the unstable ground areas from the DInSAR analysis rapidly
highlighted the slopes of interest. Thus, we provided a new inventory
of 28 landslides that implies an increase in the area affected
by landslides compared with the previous mapping: 33.5% in the
present study vs. 14.5% in the Spanish Land Movements Database.
The two main typologies of identified landslides are Deep-Seated
Gravitational Slope Deformations (DGSDs) and rockslides, with the
prevalence of large DGSDs in Sierra Nevada being first revealed in
this work. We also demonstrate that the combination of DInSAR
and Landscape Analysis could overcome the limitations of each
method for landslide detection. They also supported us in dealing
with difficulties in recognising this type of landslides due to
their poorly defined boundaries, a homogeneous lithology and the
imprint of glacial and periglacial processes. Finally, a preliminary
hazard perspective of these landslides was outlined.Universidad de Granada/CBUAMarie Curie Actions B-RNM-305-UGR18
A-RNM-508-UGR20
P18-RT-3632ERDF through the project RISKCOAST' of the Interreg SUDOE Programme SOE3/P4/E0868Project MORPHOMED' from the Spanish Ministry of Science (MCIN)/State Research Agency (SRA) PID2019-107138RB-I00Ramon y Cajal' Programme of the Spanish Ministry of Science RYC-2017-23335NoR 6373
Sentinel-1 DInSAR for Monitoring Active Landslides in Critical Infrastructures: The Case of the Rules Reservoir (Southern Spain)
We thank the editors and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions
that improved the manuscript.Landslides in reservoir contexts are a well-recognised hazard that may lead to dangerous
situations regarding infrastructures and people’s safety. Satellite-based radar interferometry is
proving to be a reliable method to monitor the activity of landslides in such contexts. Here, we
present a DInSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) analysis of Sentinel-1
images that exemplifies the usefulness of the technique to recognize and monitor landslides in
the Rules Reservoir (Southern Spain). The integration of DInSAR results with a comprehensive
geomorphological study allowed us to understand the typology, evolution and triggering factors
of three active landslides: Lorenzo-1, Rules Viaduct and El Arrecife. We could distinguish between
rotational and translational landslides and, thus, we evaluated the potential hazards related to these
typologies, i.e., retrogression (Lorenzo-1 and Rules Viaduct landslides) or catastrophic slope failure
(El Arrecife Landslide), respectively. We also observed how changes in the water level of the reservoir
influence the landslide’s behaviour. Additionally, we were able to monitor the stability of the Rules
Dam as well as detect the deformation of a highway viaduct that crosses a branch of the reservoir.
Overall, we consider that other techniques must be applied to continue monitoring the movements,
especially in the El Arrecife Landslide, in order to avoid future structural damages and fatalities.A Spanish “Sistema de GarantĂa Juvenil” research contract, founded by the Junta de AndalucĂa and
the European Social Funds, supported the work of Cristina Reyes-Carmona. Spanish “Ramón y Cajal” grant
supported part of the work of Jorge Pedro Galve. This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministry
of Economy and Competitiveness through the DEMOS project “Deformation monitoring using Sentinel-1 data”
(Ref: CGL2017-83704-P) and the LITHOSURF project “Respuesta de la topografĂa y la red de drenaje a procesos
litosféricos y climáticos en el sur de Iberia” (Ref: CGL2015-67130-C2-1-R). This work has been partially developed
in the framework of the RISKCOAST project (Ref: SOE3/P4/E0868) funded by the Interreg SUDOE program (3rd
call for proposals)
ADATools: a set of tools for the analysis of terrain movement maps obtained with SAR Interferometry
The SAR Interferometry techniques, Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) among them, are nowadays known as important tools for monitoring Earth surface movements. Several regional and national Ground Motion Services based on PSI already exist. Moreover, since 2022 the European Ground Motion Service will be operational and will annually provide an updated displacement map over the whole Europe. This will suppose a big amount of ground displacement measurements along the European territory. For each measurement EGMS will provide the annual velocity and the time series of deformation covering the period 2014 to one year prior to each delivery. In this context, it will be more and more necessary having tools to ease the management, analysis, and interpretation, of those wide areas and huge amount of data. We present here a first step in this direction: the ADATools are a set of tools to automatically have secondary, and more operational, products derived from a PSI map. Starting from a fast extraction of the most significant Active Deformation Areas (ADA), with the ADAFinder tool, then we can have a preliminary classification of the most probable phenomena (landslides, subsidence, settlements, or sinkholes) that is behind the detected movement, with the ADAClassifier tool. Moreover, LOS2hv tool allows to derive the horizontal (east-west) and vertical components of the movement in case we have maps of ascending and descending geometries. Finally, it is presented a product that analyzes the local displacement gradients to generate potential damage maps in urban areas. The tools will be presented thorough some results obtained on an area of the Granada County with the use of Sentinel-1 data. All the results have been achieved within the framework of the Riskcoast Project (financed by the Interreg Sudoe Program through the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF).This work was mainly supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project “RISKCOAST” (SOE3/P4/E0868) of the Interreg SUDOE Programme
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