Formación en competencias éticas y ciudadanas en la Universidad

This research was documented in the 1st phase with the topic "Formation of ethical and citizenship competences in the university". It is based on the premise of the hidden curriculum and transversal competencies as axes of transformation to train in a context of changing, globalized and unequal societies. The methodology is mixed as it is based on the analysis of documentation and the application of the statistical program (SPSS Statistics Base) for closed and open questions.Accordingly, the socio-formative approach and the ethical life project of an innovative educational methodology of great personal, professional, social and community impact are proposed. It is about the development of knowledge from an integral and social perspective, for the realization and responsibility of sustainability competences and the promotion of universal values.Esta investigación fue documental en la 1ª fase, con la temática Formación de competencias éticas y ciudadanas en la Universidad. Se parte de la premisa del currículum oculto y las competencias transversales como ejes de transformación para formar en un contexto de sociedades cambiantes, globalizadas y desiguales. La metodología es mixta al basarse en análisis de la documentación y la aplicación del programa estadístico (SPSS Statistics Base) para preguntas cerradas y abiertas.De acuerdo con esto, se plantea el enfoque socioformativo y el proyecto ético de vida de una metodología educativa, innovadora y de gran impacto personal, profesional y social y comunitario. Se trata del desarrollo del conocimiento desde una perspectiva integral y social, para la realización y responsabilidad de las competencias de sostenibilidad y la promoción de los valores universales

Molecular changes underlying pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An updated review

The aim of this review is to update and synthesize the molecular mechanisms that lead to the heterogeneous effect on tissue remodeling observed in the two most important clinical phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary emphysema (PE) and chronic bronchitis (CB). Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that this heterogeneous response to promote PE, CB, or both, is related to differentiated genetic, epigenetic, and molecular conditions. Specifically, a tendency toward PE could be related to a variant in the DSP gene, SIRT1 downregulation, macrophage polarization to M1, as well as the involvement of the noncanonical Wnt5A signaling pathway, among other alterations. Additionally, in advanced stages of COPD, PE development is potentiated by dysregulations in autophagy, which promotes senescence and subsequently cell apoptosis, through exacerbated inflammasome activation and release of caspases. On the other hand, CB or the pro-fibrotic phenotype could be potentiated by the downregulated activity of HDAC2, the activation of the TGF-β/Smad or Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, macrophage polarization to M2, upregulation of TIMP-1, and/or the presence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism. Interestingly, the upregulated activity of MMPs, especially MMP-9, is widely involved in the development of both phenotypes. Furthermore, MMP-9 and MMP-12 enhance the severity, perpetuation, and exacerbation of COPD, as well as the development of autoimmunity in this disease

Factores de riesgo suicida intra-hospitalario: Un estudio de casos y controles

The aim of this work was to study the factors associated with suicide risk in patients with general illness who are hospitalized in a high complexity institution. A case-control study with patients hospitalized due to general illness was conducted in 2018 including 115 cases and 155 controls. Independent variables were sex, age, previous suicide attempt, medical diagnosis, psychiatric disorder and uncontrolled pain. The variables associated with suicide risk during hospitalization were male sex andprevious suicide attempt (OR 2.21 and 4.08 respectively). Not having a diagnosis of depression and younger age were protective factors (OR 0.05 and 0.95 respectively). This study is one of the few focused on inpatient suicide risk in Latin America. Ourfindings suggest that the inclusion of young male patients in strategies aimed at preventing inpatient suicide should be a priority. Keywords: Suicide risk; suicidal behavior; inpatient suicide; general hospital; Latin America; Colombia.Risk factors for inpatient suicide: A case-control study Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the factors associated with suicide risk in patients with general illness who are hospitalized in a high complexity institution. A case-control study with patients hospitalized due to general illness was conducted in 2018 including 115 cases and 155 controls. Independent variables were sex, age, previous suicide attempt, medical diagnosis, psychiatric disorder and uncontrolled pain. The variables associated with suicide risk during hospitalization were male sex and previous suicide attempt (OR 2.21 and 4.08 respectively). Not having a diagnosis of depression and younger age were protective factors (OR 0.05 and 0.95 respectively). This study is one of the few focused on inpatient suicide risk in Latin America. Our findings suggest that the inclusion of young male patients in strategies aimed at preventing inpatient suicide should be a priority.Keywords: Suicide risk; suicidal behavior; inpatient suicide; general hospital; Latin America; Colombia. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los factores asociados a riesgo suicida en pacientes con enfermedad general en una institución de alta complejidad. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedad general en 2018, se incluyeron 115 casos y 155 controles. Las variables independientes fueron sexo, edad, intento suicida previo, diagnóstico médico, trastorno psiquiátrico y dolor no controlado. Las variables asociadas a riesgo suicida durante la hospitalización fueron sexo masculino y antecedente de intento suicida (OR 2.21 y 4.08 respectivamente). No tener diagnóstico de depresión y una menor edad fueron factores protectores (OR 0.05 y 0.95 respectivamente). Este estudio es de los pocos enfocado en riesgo suicida intrahospitalario en Latinoamérica. Los hallazgos sugieren que se debe priorizar la inclusión de pacientes jóvenes de sexo masculino en las estrategias encaminadas a la prevención de suicidio intra-hospitalario. Palabras clave: Riesgo suicida; comportamiento suicida; suicidio intrahospitalario; hospital general; Latinoamérica; Colombia

Evaluating and comparing geochemical sampling protocols in dinosaur eggshells: refining Cretaceous ecosystem research

The geochemical signatures of dinosaur eggshells represent well-established proxies in paleoenvironmental and paleobiological research. The variable sampling procedures reported in the literature, however, deserve attention. In order to evaluate the impact of different sampling methodologies on carbon and oxygen isotope and elemental concentrations, grinding was contrasted with drilling to extract powder samples from eggshell fragments collected at several locations. Eggshell data were further contrasted with surface materials, encasing matrix and compared with independent proxies using petrographic and elemental techniques. Iron and manganese elemental concentrations revealed an enrichment sequence depending on the sampling strategy for the same eggshell fragment. This pattern can be mistaken for a variable state of preservation. In contrast, carbon and oxygen isotope values exhibited only subtle differences and lacked clear trends. This suggests that isotope data are less susceptible to different methodological approaches. It is shown that drilling offers a wider range of possibilities compared to grinding (e.g., faster and less destructive). Additionally, drilled powder samples can confidently be used for elemental and isotope analysis, excluding contamination, thus providing a more accurate set of proxy data from eggshell archives

refining Cretaceous ecosystem research

GeoBioTec Research Group (FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal), by project PLEC2021-008203 project, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR” , by Gobierno de Aragón [Group E18: Aragosaurus: Recursos Geológicos y Paleoambientales]; and by project PID2021-122612OB-I00; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR”,MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000110333. M. M-A is the recipient of a Ramon y Cajal contract RYC2021-034473-I. C. N.-L. is the recipient of a Juan de la Cierva-Formación contract FJC2020-044561-I, supported by the MCIN co-financed by the NextGenerationEU/PRTR. Sylvia Riechelmann is thanked for support during geochemical analysis and Cristina Sequeira for assisting SEM analysis. We thank Marcos Aurell (University of Zaragoza- Spain), for providing a vector file of the geological sketch in Fig. S1F . Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers and editorial guidance provided by Eduardo Koutsoukos are also acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)The geochemical signatures of dinosaur eggshells represent well-established proxies in paleoenvironmental and paleobiological research. The variable sampling procedures reported in the literature, however, deserve attention. In order to evaluate the impact of different sampling methodologies on carbon and oxygen isotope and elemental concentrations, grinding was contrasted with drilling to extract powder samples from eggshell fragments collected at several locations. Eggshell data were further contrasted with surface materials, encasing matrix and compared with independent proxies using petrographic and elemental techniques. Iron and manganese elemental concentrations revealed an enrichment sequence depending on the sampling strategy for the same eggshell fragment. This pattern can be mistaken for a variable state of preservation. In contrast, carbon and oxygen isotope values exhibited only subtle differences and lacked clear trends. This suggests that isotope data are less susceptible to different methodological approaches. It is shown that drilling offers a wider range of possibilities compared to grinding (e.g., faster and less destructive). Additionally, drilled powder samples can confidently be used for elemental and isotope analysis, excluding contamination, thus providing a more accurate set of proxy data from eggshell archives.publishersversionpublishe

Focused ultrasound for opening blood-brain barrier and drug delivery monitored with positron emission tomography

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a minimally-invasive technology used for treatment of many diseases, including diseases related to the colon, uterus, prostate, and brain. Although it has been mainly used for ablative procedures, the ability of FUS to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a promising new application. However, the mechanism of BBB opening by FUS remains unclear. This review focuses on the use of FUS to open the BBB for enhancing drug delivery and investigating how Positron Emission Tomography (PET) provides insight into the underlying mechanism