Creating a platform for transit-oriented development (TOD) through integrated land use and transport planning in Cape Town: a study of Bellville station

As urbanisation trends continues and increases across the world, urban trends have seen urban growth take place horizontally, leading to undesired urban sprawl. With the global introduction of the automobile in the 1960's, urban sprawl has been exacerbated with the automobile allowing for the decentralisation of employment, residential, commercial and leisure opportunities away from the Central Business Districts of the city. Due to a multitude of negative social, environmental and economic effects associated with urban sprawl, spatial planning practices have been aimed at reversing this trend and ultimately creating a more compact urban form. In addition to undesired urban sprawl, the use of private vehicles as the dominant mode of transport has also been problematic. In an attempt to address these issues simultaneously, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has recently been adopted as a tool with which to achieve transformation of urban forms. This study aims to explore TOD has a tool by assisting to (i) provide a theoretical base and historical perspective of TOD; (ii) provide insight regarding the principles and benefits of TOD that has promoted the use of TOD as a transformative tool; (iii) understand the role of land use and transport planning in providing a platform for the implementation of TOD strategies; (iv) identify cases where TOD has been adopted successfully; (v) understand the role of the legal environment in South Africa with regards to the implementation of TOD strategies; (vi) depicting how the ideal TOD environment could look and function in Cape Town; (vii) understanding how South Africa's legal environment promotes TOD at local level of government in Cape Town and; (viii) what key issues and challenges currently hinder the successful implementation of TOD strategies in Cape Town. This study makes use of a literature review, as well as an empirical study where existing documents (such as spatial development frameworks and integrated transport network plans) are analysed and qualitative and quantitative data is used to explore a number of case studies. From the case studies and additional research it was evident that there is a need for a sound legislative platform which promotes and supports the adoption of TOD at all spheres of government. It was further found that several issues and challenges are made mention of in municipal plans and policies, but that these issues and challenges continue to negatively influence the implementation and success of TOD in Cape Town. Existing legal tools and instruments are not necessarily capable of creating a platform for the implementation of TOD and would thus need to be amended or integrated with other local level strategies. If Cape Town is to successfully use TOD as a tool with which to rectify spatial issues, the legal environment needs to better promote the integration of land use and transport planning in order to encourage densification and to ensure that public transport becomes a viable means of transport in the city. Only once the above mentioned are addressed, can the spatial form of the city be transformed through TOD and future development can contribute to the sustainability of Cape Town

Origin and scaling of chaos in weakly coupled phase oscillators

Acknowledgments AP wishes to acknowledge D. Paz ́o for a preliminary analysis. All the authors thank H. Chat ́e for useful discussions. We acknowledge support from EU Marie Curie ITN grant n. 64256 (COSMOS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Urban cemetery

No abstract availableDissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007.Architectureunrestricte

Prospects for Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers in South Africa: A Case Study

The study explored determinants of commercialization among selected smallholder potato farmers in Bizana, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Increasingly presented as a rural development paradigm, the capability of many smallholders to commercialize is questioned. Fifty-eight smallholder farmers were purposively sampled for this study, which estimated farmers’ level of commercialization and identified factors contributing to their estimated engagement with markets. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from farmers, while reports from published materials were also reviewed. The study utilized the household commercialization index (HCI) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model as its main analytical tools. It found a mean HCI of 0.48 among the farmers with 60 percent of respondents below the halfway point to a fully commercialized status. The results indicate varying levels of market engagement among smallholder farmers and underscore the need for caution in adopting a rigid commercialization approach

Lyapunov analysis of multiscale dynamics: the slow bundle of the two-scale Lorenz 96 model

We investigate the geometrical structure of instabilities in the two-scale Lorenz 96 model through the prism of Lyapunov analysis. Our detailed study of the full spectrum of covariant Lyapunov vectors reveals the presence of a slow bundle in tangent space, composed by a set of vectors with a significant projection onto the slow degrees of freedom; they correspond to the smallest (in absolute value) Lyapunov exponents and thereby to the longer timescales. We show that the dimension of the slow bundle is extensive in the number of both slow and fast degrees of freedom and discuss its relationship with the results of a finite-size analysis of instabilities, supporting the conjecture that the slow-variable behavior is effectively determined by a nontrivial subset of degrees of freedom. More precisely, we show that the slow bundle corresponds to the Lyapunov spectrum region where fast and slow instability rates overlap, “mixing” their evolution into a set of vectors which simultaneously carry information on both scales. We suggest that these results may pave the way for future applications to ensemble forecasting and data assimilations in weather and climate models

Gestión financiera en las entidades religiosas no católicas del distrito de San Jerónimo, Cusco, periodo 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación “Gestión financiera en las entidades religiosas no católicas del distrito de San Jerónimo, Cusco, periodo 2019” tiene el objetivo de “Describir la gestión financiera en las entidades religiosas no católicas del distrito de San Jerónimo, Cusco, periodo 2019”. La investigación es de tipo básica, de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y de alcance descriptivo: la población y muestra está constituida por la documentación interna y las 10 entidades religiosas no católicas ubicadas en el distrito de San Jerónimo para el periodo 2019. Mediante la investigación se ha podido establecer que las entidades religiosas no católicas, tienen una gestión financiera sui generis en la cual las decisiones de inversión y financiamiento vinculadas a su existencia, desarrollo y sostenibilidad presenta condiciones basadas en la autogestión y compromiso personal establecidos en base a criterios de participación espiritual en donde la autonomía y libertad personal juega un papel preponderante generando condiciones de compromiso de transparencia y compromiso grupal; nuestra variable de estudio es la gestión financiera que por definición se entiende como la disciplina que se encarga de determinar el valor y tomar decisiones en la asignación de recursos, incluyendo adquirirlos, invertirlos y administrarlos. Es así como la gestión financiera se encarga de analizar las decisiones y acciones que tienen que ver con los medios financieros necesarios en las tareas de las organizaciones, incluyendo su logro, utilización y control; se llegó a la conclusión que su principal fuente de ingresos son los diezmos y ofrendas los cuales no hacen distinción que para efectos tributarios son considerado donaciones, para fines de inversiones significativas no recurren a las instituciones financieras, siendo la sede central y las iglesias de la misma denominación quienes realizan esa función, la titularidad de los inmuebles es de la sede central, la iglesia local aprueba las inversiones y la sede central es quien autoriza las inversiones, las iglesias locales tienen un régimen económico autónomo, es decir se autofinancian en sus ingresos y cubren sus costos de inversión y gastos de funcionamiento, administran y usan los locales sin participar en la titularidad de los bienes, la labor que realizan es de buena fe y compromiso espiritual cumpliendo con los ministerios espirituales, las iglesias no brindan beneficios económicos a sus miembros sino tan solo los beneficios espirituales.The present research work "Financial management in the non-Catholic religious entities of the district of San Jerónimo, Cusco, period 2019" has the objective of "Describe the financial management in the non-Catholic religious entities of the district of San Jerónimo, Cusco, period 2019". The research is of a basic type, of quantitative approach, of non- experimental design and of descriptive scope: the population and sample is constituted by the internal documentation and the 10 non-Catholic religious entities located in the district of San Jerónimo for the period 2019. The research has established that non-Catholic religious entities have a sui generis financial management in which investment and financing decisions linked to their existence, development and sustainability presents conditions based on self-management and personal commitment established on the basis of criteria of spiritual participation in which autonomy and personal freedom play a preponderant role in generating conditions of commitment to transparency and group commitment; our study variable is financial management which by definition is understood as the discipline that is responsible for determining value and making decisions in the allocation of resources, including acquiring, investing and managing them. Thus, financial management is responsible for analyzing the decisions and actions that have to do with the necessary financial means in the tasks of the organizations, including their achievement, utilization and control; it was concluded that their main source of income is tithes and offerings which make no distinction that for tax purposes are considered donations, for significant investment purposes they do not resort to financial institutions, the head office and the churches of the same denomination carry out this function, the property is owned by the head office, the local church approves the investments and the head office authorizes the investments, the local churches have an autonomous economic regime, that is to say they are self-financing in their income and cover their investment costs and operating expenses, they manage and use the premises without participating in the ownership of the goods, the work they do is in good faith and spiritual commitment fulfilling spiritual ministries, churches do not provide economic benefits to their members but only spiritual benefits.Tesi

Marketing Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Smallholder Livestock Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Profitable marketing and production activities in agriculture depends on the availability of reliable and targeted information, which satisfies the information needs and aligned to the information-seeking behaviour of farmers. This study examined the information needs and information seeking behaviour among 150 smallholder livestock farmers, from a selected province in South Africa. With a survey research design, structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the sample population and analysed using counts, percentages, weighted means for ranking, cross-tabulation and chi-square for tests of significance. The results show a dominance of market price information requirement among farmers (65%), immediate market price information need (38%), high level of need (48%), and a strong reliance on inter-personal sources such as other farmers (36%), phone calls (24%) and auctions (23%) for market information. In addition to this, the listed demographic characteristics of farmers namely age, gender, education, marital status, household size, income and herd size strongly influenced their information seeking behaviour (p<0.05). The study recommends the provision of additional sources of market price information for farmers, and ensuring that personal features of farmers are taken into consideration when designing information service interventions

Marketing Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Smallholder Livestock Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Profitable marketing and production activities in agriculture depends on the availability of reliable and targeted information, which satisfies the information needs and aligned to the information-seeking behaviour of farmers. This study examined the information needs and information seeking behaviour among 150 smallholder livestock farmers, from a selected province in South Africa. With a survey research design, structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the sample population and analysed using counts, percentages, weighted means for ranking, cross-tabulation and chi-square for tests of significance. The results show a dominance of market price information requirement among farmers (65%), immediate market price information need (38%), high level of need (48%), and a strong reliance on inter-personal sources such as other farmers (36%), phone calls (24%) and auctions (23%) for market information. In addition to this, the listed demographic characteristics of farmers namely age, gender, education, marital status, household size, income and herd size strongly influenced their information seeking behaviour (p<0.05). The study recommends the provision of additional sources of market price information for farmers, and ensuring that personal features of farmers are taken into consideration when designing information service interventions

Marketing Information Needs and Seeking Behaviour of Smallholder Livestock Farmers in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Profitable marketing and production activities in agriculture depends on the availability of reliable and targeted information, which satisfies the information needs and aligned to the information-seeking behaviour of farmers. This study examined the information needs and information seeking behaviour among 150 smallholder livestock farmers, from a selected province in South Africa. With a survey research design, structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the sample population and analysed using counts, percentages, weighted means for ranking, cross-tabulation and chi-square for tests of significance. The results show a dominance of market price information requirement among farmers (65%), immediate market price information need (38%), high level of need (48%), and a strong reliance on inter-personal sources such as other farmers (36%), phone calls (24%) and auctions (23%) for market information. In addition to this, the listed demographic characteristics of farmers namely age, gender, education, marital status, household size, income and herd size strongly influenced their information seeking behaviour (p<0.05). The study recommends the provision of additional sources of market price information for farmers, and ensuring that personal features of farmers are taken into consideration when designing information service interventions