36 research outputs found
Significance of ungulates in the diet of recently settled wolves in the Mercantour mountains (southeastern France)
Le Loup (Canis lupus) s'est établi au début des années 90 dans le massif du Mercantour, au sud-est de la France. La prédation qu'il exerce sur le cheptel domestique et sur les espÚces gibier suscite de vives réactions de rejet
auprÚs d'une partie de la population locale. Dans ce contexte, il est apparu primordial d'évaluer la part des ongulés dans le régime alimentaire du loup. Cette estimation a été effectuée à partir de l'analyse de 236 fÚces récoltées d'avril 1994 à mars 1995 sur un terrain d'étude de 280 km2
fréquenté par une meute de 8 loups. Le chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) est abondant sur ce terrain d'étude (environ 1 000/100 km2) et 300 mouflons (Ovis gmellini) étaient présents. On note également la présence de petites populations de chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus), cerf (Cervus elaphus),
bouquetin (Capra ibex) et sanglier (Sus scrofa). De plus, environ 10 000 moutons (Ovis aries) sont présents en alpage du printemps à l'automne dans la zone d'étude. Les ongulés (sauvages et domestiques confondus) constituent la base du régime alimentaire des loups. Ils sont présents dans 97
% des fÚces analysées. Leur fréquence relative d'occurrence varie de 94 % en hiver et au printemps à 87 % en été et en automne. Des restes d'ongulés sauvages, essentiellement de chamois et mouflon, ont été trouvés dans 80 % des fÚces analysées. En été, la fréquence relative d'occurrence du
chamois, par rapport à l'ensemble des ongulés sauvages, a été plus du double de celle du mouflon (71 % contre 29 %). A l'inverse, la fréquence relative d'occurrence du mouflon a été prÚs du double de celle du chamois au printemps (68 % contre 32 %), en automne (64 % contre 33 %) et en hiver
(59 % contre 26 %), bien que le mouflon soit dix fois moins abondant que le chamois. La sélection exercée par le loup à l'égard du mouflon durant ces saisons est probablement due au fait que le mouflon : i) a des difficultés à se déplacer quand l'épaisseur de neige est importante, ii) est
grégaire et inféodé à quelques lieux privilégiés et prédictibles durant l'hiver, iii) a tendance à se cantonner à de plus basses altitudes que le chamois durant toute la période hivernale et iv) a une période de mise-bas trÚs précoce par rapport aux autres ongulés sauvages présents dans le
Mercantour. En ce qui concerne les ongulés domestiques, le mouton est la principale victime des attaques de loup en raison de son abondance relative et de sa vulnérabilité. Il représente 50 % et 22 % du total des occurrences d'ongulés en été et automne respectivement. Les ongulés sauvages
sont préférés aux ongulés domestiques mais nos données montrent que, lorsque la surveillance des troupeaux n'est pas adaptée à la présence du loup, la prédation sur les ongulés domestiques n'est pas nécessairement rare dans les régions caractérisées par une communauté d'ongulés sauvages
riche et diverse
Study on the effect of cuprite content on the electrical and CO2 sensing properties of cuprite-copper ferrite nanopowder composites
The paper reports the synthesis and characterization of cuprite/copper ferrite nanopowder composites. The composites were synthesized using co-precipitation with oxalates precursor route. The phase and microstructure of the powder samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, BET surface area analyzer and scanning electron microscopy. The powders were fabricated to device using a simple and efficient shaping technique. These devices were used further to carry out electrical property measurements in various atmospheres. The type of charge carriers were found by noting the sense of change in resistance when the air atmosphere on the sample was replaced with argon. CO2 responses were reported for the whole series of composites. The effect of cuprite concentration on the CO2 sensing performance was found to be independent of cuprite concentration up to certain limits (70%at)
Parental monitoring: a way to decrease substance use among Swiss adolescents?
The objective of this research was to determine whether the level of parental monitoring is associated with substance use among adolescents in Switzerland, and to assess whether this effect remains when these adolescents have consuming peers. For this purpose, we used a nationally representative sample from the Swiss participation in the 2007 European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs survey, which included 7,611 adolescents in public schools (8th-10th grades). Four levels of parental control were created and four substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and ecstasy) were analyzed. All significant variables at the bivariate level were included in the multivariate analysis. Most adolescents had a high level of parental monitoring and that was associated with younger age, females, high socioeconomic status, intact family structure, and satisfactory relationships with mother, father, and peers. Overall, substance use decreased as parental monitoring increased and high parental monitoring decreased as having consuming peers increased. Results remained essentially the same when the variable "having consuming peersâ was added to the analysis. Conclusion: parental monitoring is associated to positive effects on adolescent substance use with a reduction of consumption and a lower probability of having consuming peers, which seems to protect adolescents against potentially negative peer influence. Encouraging parents to monitor their adolescents' activities and friendships by establishing rules about what is allowed or not is a way to limit the negative influence of consuming peers on adolescent substance us
Tourette-Levens â Grotte du Merle
Identifiant de l'opĂ©ration archĂ©ologique : 8227 Date de l'opĂ©ration : 2007 (FP) Inventeur(s) : Desclaux Emmanuel (SUP) ; Valensi Patricia (SUP) ; Cauche Dominique (SUP) ; Hanquet Constance (SUP) ; Lecervoisier Bertrand (SUP) ; Moussous Abdelkader (SUP) ; Simon Patrick (MUS) ; Jourdain Lucien (MNHP) ; Carles Lionel (MNHM) La grotte du Merle est une petite cavitĂ© situĂ©e sur la rive droite du Riou, petit affluent du Paillon, connue pour son intĂ©rĂȘt prĂ©historique par les fouilles intensives de de..
Effect of synthesis method and morphology on the enhanced CO2 sensing properties of magnesium ferrite MgFe2O4
The synthesis and characterization of magnesium ferrite MgFe2O4 prepared by co-precipitation and sol gel combustion is reported. Structural characterization showed that all the samples have single spinel phase. The co-precipitated sample exhibits smaller grains and twice higher BET surface than the sol gel combustion samples. The powder was shaped to dedicated chemo-resistive home-made sensors devices. The electrical properties and sensing properties towards carbon dioxide of both MgFe2O4 powders were studied. The type of charge carriers were analysed on the basis of the change in resistance in the presence of air and argon. The sensing response towards CO2 was found to be dependent on the morphology of the powder sample and the CO2 concentration. A high response of 36% towards 5000âŻppm of CO2 was reached which is good for this gas. The key role of the Mg ions modulating the electrical properties is discussed
Ethanol and Hydrogen Gas-Sensing Properties of CuOâCuFe2O4 Nanostructured Thin Films
Nanocrystalline CuO-CuFe 2 O 4 composite thin films were developed from CuFeO 2 ceramic target using a radio-frequency sputtering method followed by a thermal oxidation process. This fabrication process helps to develop porous sensing layers which are highly desirable for solid-state resistive gas sensors. Their sensing properties toward ethanol and hydrogen gas in dry air were examined at the operating temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 500 °C. The electrical transients during adsorption and desorption of the test gases were fitted with the Langmuir single site gas adsorption model. A composite thin film with a total thickness of 25 nm showed highest response (79%) toward hydrogen (500 ppm) at the operating temperature of 400 °C. The shortest response time (Ï res ) was found to be ~60 and ~90 s for hydrogen and ethanol, respectively. The dependence of the response of the sensor on gas concentration (10-500 ppm) was also studied
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing
Purpose
Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the âClinVar low-hanging fruitâ reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned.
Methods
Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted.
Results
We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency).
Conclusion
The âClinVar low-hanging fruitâ analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock
SynthÚse de nouveaux chélatants de métaux basés sur le motif de la camptothécine (nouvelle méthodologie de synthÚse de pyridones et applications)
Ce mémoire décrit l'étude de la synthÚse en phase liquide d'analogues de la Camptothécine. Le transfert de cette voie d'accÚs en phase solide a été effectué. Au cours de ces études, une nouvelle méthodologie de synthÚse hétérocyclique a été découverte et explorée. Une application directe a été mise en oeuvre lors de la synthÚse totale de la Nothapodytine B ainsi que dans la préparation, en phases liquide et solide, de plusieurs blibliothÚques de composés originauxLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Significance of ungulates in the diet of recently settled wolfes in the Mercantour mountains (southeastern France)
In the early 1990s the wolf (Canis lupus) settled in the Mercantourâs mountains, southeastern France. Its predation on domestic and game species prompted a strong opposition from part of the local residents. In this context, it appeared of prime importance to collect data on the occurrence of ungulates in the wolfâs diet. The diet was determined through the analysis of 236 scats collected from April 1994 to March 1995 in a 280 kmr mountainous study area where a pack of 8 wolves was settled. The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is abundant (about 1,000/100 km2) in this area and a population of 300 moufflons (Ovis gmelini) was present. There are also small populations of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), ibex (Capra ibex) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Concerning livestock, 10,000 sheep (Ovis aries), some cows (Bos taurus), goats (Capra hircus) and horses (Equus caballus) graze from June to October in the study area. Ungulates (wild and domestic pooled) made up the bulk of the wolfs diet, occurring in 97 % of the scats analysed. Their relative occurrence varied from 94 % in winter and spring to 87 % in summer and autumn. Wild ungulates remains, mainly those of moufflons and chamois, occurred in 80 % of the scats analysed. In summer, the chamois occurrence relative to wild ungulates was more than twice that of the moufflon (71 % vs 29 %). Conversely, the relative occurrence of the moufflon was almost twice that of the chamois in spring (68 % vs 32 %), autumn (64 % vs 33 %) and winter (59 % vs 26 %) despite the fact that moufflons were ten times less abundant than chamois. The seasonal selectivity of moufflons by wolves was probably related to the fact that the moufflon i) cannot escape easily when the snow depth is important, ii) occurs in herds that are predictably associated with good habitat patches during winter, iii) tends to stay in lower altitude than the chamois from autumn to spring and iv) is the first ungulate species to breed in the Mercantour. Concerning domestic ungulates, free ranging sheep were the main target of wolf predation on livestock because of their local abundance and accessibility. The sheepâs occurrence relative to the total ungulateâs one was 50 % in summer (main grazing period) and 22 % in autumn. Wild ungulates were preferred to livestock. However, our data show that, when prevention methods are lacking, the predation on domestic ungulates is not necessarily rare in areas characterized by a rich and diverse wild ungulate guild.Le Loup (Canis lupus) sâest Ă©tabli au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 90 dans le massif du Mercantour, au sud-est de la France. La prĂ©dation quâil exerce sur le cheptel domestique et sur les espĂšces gibier suscite de vives rĂ©actions de rejet auprĂšs dâune partie de la population locale. Dans ce contexte, il est apparu primordial dâĂ©valuer la part des ongulĂ©s dans le rĂ©gime alimentaire du loup. Cette estimation a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e Ă partir de lâanalyse de 236 fĂšces rĂ©coltĂ©es dâavril 1994 Ă mars 1995 sur un terrain dâĂ©tude de 280 km2 frĂ©quentĂ© par une meute de 8 loups. Le chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) est abondant sur ce terrain dâĂ©tude (environ 1 000/100 km2) et 300 mouflons (Ovis gmellini) Ă©taient prĂ©sents. On note Ă©galement la prĂ©sence de petites populations de chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus), cerf (Cervus elaphus), bouquetin (Capra ibex) et sanglier (Sus scrofa). De plus, environ 10 000 moutons (Ovis aries) sont prĂ©sents en alpage du printemps Ă lâautomne dans la zone dâĂ©tude. Les ongulĂ©s (sauvages et domestiques confondus) constituent la base du rĂ©gime alimentaire des loups. Ils sont prĂ©sents dans 97 % des fĂšces analysĂ©es. Leur frĂ©quence relative dâoccurrence varie de 94 % en hiver et au printemps Ă 87 % en Ă©tĂ© et en automne. Des restes dâongulĂ©s sauvages, essentiellement de chamois et mouflon, ont Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©s dans 80 % des fĂšces analysĂ©es. En Ă©tĂ©, la frĂ©quence relative dâoccurrence du chamois, par rapport Ă lâensemble des ongulĂ©s sauvages, a Ă©tĂ© plus du double de celle du mouflon (71 % contre 29 %). A lâinverse, la frĂ©quence relative dâoccurrence du mouflon a Ă©tĂ© prĂšs du double de celle du chamois au printemps (68 % contre 32 %), en automne (64 % contre 33 %) et en hiver (59 % contre 26 %), bien que le mouflon soit dix fois moins abondant que le chamois. La sĂ©lection exercĂ©e par le loup Ă lâĂ©gard du mouflon durant ces saisons est probablement due au fait que le mouflon : i) a des difficultĂ©s Ă se dĂ©placer quand lâĂ©paisseur de neige est importante, ii) est grĂ©gaire et infĂ©odĂ© Ă quelques lieux privilĂ©giĂ©s et prĂ©dictibles durant lâhiver, iii) a tendance Ă se cantonner Ă de plus basses altitudes que le chamois durant toute la pĂ©riode hivernale et iv) a une pĂ©riode de mise-bas trĂšs prĂ©coce par rapport aux autres ongulĂ©s sauvages prĂ©sents dans le Mercantour. En ce qui concerne les ongulĂ©s domestiques, le mouton est la principale victime des attaques de loup en raison de son abondance relative et de sa vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©. Il reprĂ©sente 50 % et 22 % du total des occurrences dâongulĂ©s en Ă©tĂ© et automne respectivement. Les ongulĂ©s sauvages sont prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s aux ongulĂ©s domestiques mais nos donnĂ©es montrent que, lorsque la surveillance des troupeaux nâest pas adaptĂ©e Ă la prĂ©sence du loup, la prĂ©dation sur les ongulĂ©s domestiques nâest pas nĂ©cessairement rare dans les rĂ©gions caractĂ©risĂ©es par une communautĂ© dâongulĂ©s sauvages riche et diverse.Poulle Marie-Lazarine, Carles Lionel, Lequette BenoĂźt. Significance of ungulates in the diet of recently settled wolfes in the Mercantour mountains (southeastern France). In: Revue d'Ăcologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 52, n°4, 1997. pp. 357-368