AS CARACTERÍSTICAS MAIS IMPORTANTES DA CARNE BOVINA DE LABORATÓRIO PERCEBIDAS POR FUTUROS CONSUMIDORES

Carne de laboratório é produzida a partir de células-tronco retiradas de um animal vivo, através de técnicas de engenharia de tecidos. Há escassos estudos de como possíveis consumidores reagirão a carne bovina de laboratório. Logo, o objetivo do estudo é avaliar a percepção do futuro consumidor brasileiro em relação à esse tipo de carne. A coleta de dados foi realizada via online, por meio da aplicação de questionários para uma amostra de 264 consumidores, em junho de 2019. O método de escolha discreta utilizando escala melhor – pior foi utilizado para mensurar as percepções. No questionário foram mensurados 10 atributos em relação a percepção sobre esse tipo de carne. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva. Os atributos considerados mais importantes para substituir a carne bovina convencional pela carne bovina de laboratório foram: menor risco zoonótico, mais saudável, maior segurança e menor impacto ambiental. E os atributos considerados menos importantes para substituir a carne de laboratório foram: maior popularidade, mais atrativa visualmente, menor preço e não causar impacto social

Biogas production: litter from broilers receiving direct-fed microbials and an enzyme blend

ABSTRACT The effect of additives used in the feed of broilers on anaerobic bio-digestion of poultry litter was evaluated. Four diets were used: NC: negative control; DFM: NC + 500 ppm direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis; ENZ: diet formulated with an enzyme blend (20 ppm phytase, 200 ppm protease and 200 ppm xylanase); DFM+E: ENZ + DFM. Substrates for the anaerobic bio-digestion were prepared with litter from each treatment, containing 4 % total solids (TS). These were used in 16 continuous bio-digesters with a 2 kg d−1 load, to determine the production and potential biogas production and composition during an 85-day period. Influent and effluent samples were collected for the amounts of TS and volatile solids (VS), fiber fraction (neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF] and lignin), nutrients (N, P and K), and total and thermotolerant coliforms to be determined. For all treatments a reduction in the following effluents was observed as follows: TS (49, 48, 48 and 50 %) VS (70, 54, 55 and 62 %) NDF (91, 90, 95 and 96 %) ADF (89, 88, 93 and 94 %) and lignin (80, 76, 89 and 88 %). The efficiency of the treatment for coliforms in bio-digesters was higher than 90 % in the 85-day period in all treatment groups. There was a reduction in biogas and methane production when DFM (5500 and 4000 mL) and DFM + E (5800 and 4100 mL) were used, compared to treatments NC (6300 mL and 4400) and ENZ (6400 and 4500 mL). The potential production of reduced TS and VS was higher in ENZ (1:00 and 1.74 106 mL kg−1) when compared to NC (0.88 and 1:02 106 mL kg−1), DFM (0.80 and 1:40 106 mL kg−1) and DFM + E (0.88 1:25 and 106 mL kg−1). The additives did not affect the percentage of methane production, and all treatments showed values higher than 70 %. Adding enzymes to the diet of broilers influences the litter characteristics and, as a consequence, increases biogas production. The addition of DFM and DFM + E to broiler diets reduced biogas and methane production

Lisina e metionina+cistina digestíveis sobre o desempenho, rendimento, qualidade e morfometria do músculo peitoral (Pectoralis major) de frangos de corte

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate different levels of digestible lysine and methionine+cystine on growth performance, carcass yield, morfphometry of breast fillet and muscle fibers and meat quality of pectoral muscle (Pectoralis major) of broilers at 1 to 21 (first experiment) and 22 to 42 (second experiment) days of age. A total of 4,800 one-day-old male Cobb® 500 chicks were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with ten treatments (factorial arrangement 2x5) and eight replicates of 30 birds each. Treatments had two digestible lysine levels (experiment 1: 1.253 and 1.378%; experiment 2: 1.100 and 1.210%) x five digestible methionine+cystine levels (experiment 1: 0.812, 0.857, 0.902, 0.947 and 0.992%; experiment 2: 0.724; 0.764; 0.804; 0.844; 0.884%). For the experiment conducted during initial phase, it is concluded that the use of different levels of digestible lysine and methionine+cystine in diet had influenced on meat quality and morphology of Pectoralis major muscle fibers. Regarding the performance and carcass yield, lower levels of digestible lysine (1.253%) and methionine+cystine (0.812%) achieved bird's requirements at 1 to 21 days old. For the experiment conducted during the growth phase, it is concluded that different digestible lysine and methionine+cystine levels had influenced the morphology of Pectoralis major muscle fibers. Regarding the performance, meat quality and carcass yield, lower digestible lysine (1.100%) and methionine+cystine (0.724%) levels achieved bird's requirements. However, for better thighs and drumsticks ...Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, um durante a fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade) e um durante a fase de crescimento (22 a 42 dias de idade), com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de lisina e de metionina+cistina digestíveis sobre o desempenho zootécnico, rendimento de carcaça e suas partes, biometria do filé de peito, morfometria das fibras musculares e qualidade do músculo Pectoralis major de frangos de corte. Utilizou-se um total de 4800 pintos machos de um dia de idade, da linhagem Cobb® 500, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x5, com oito repetições de 30 aves cada, para cada experimento. Os tratamentos consistiram de 2 níveis de lisina digestível (fase inicial: 1,253 e 1,378%; fase de crescimento: 1,100 e 1,210%) x 5 níveis de metionina+cistina digestíveis (fase inicial: 0,812; 0,857; 0,902; 0,947; 0,992%; fase de crescimento: 0,724; 0,764; 0,804; 0,844; 0,884%). Para o experimento conduzido durante a fase inicial, conclui-se que, a utilização de diferentes níveis de lisina e metionina+cistina digestíveis na dieta influenciou os resultados de qualidade e morfometria de fibras do músculo Pectoralis major. Com relação ao desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, os menores níveis de lisina (1,253%) e metionina+cistina (0,812%) digestíveis atenderam as exigências das aves de 1 a 21 dias de idade. No experimento conduzido durante a fase de crescimento conclui-se que diferentes níveis de lisina e metionina+cistina influenciam a morfometria das fibras do músculo Pectoralis major. Com relação ao desempenho, qualidade e rendimento de carcaça, os menores níveis utilizados de lisina (1,100%) e metionina+cistina (0,724%) digestíveis atenderam as exigências das aves, entretanto para o rendimento de coxa e sobrecoxa o nível de 1,210% de lisina digestível promoveu o melhor resultado em frangos de corte aos 42 dias de idad

Analyzing the importance of attributes for Brazilian consumers to replace conventional beef with cultured meat.

Cultured meat has been proposed as an alternative source of protein to overcome the environmental and ethical problems associated with conventional meat production. However, the lack of consumers' acceptance could be a major barrier to the introduction of cultured meat on a large scale. Despite Brazil being one of the countries that consumes the most meat per capita, little is known about Brazilian consumers' preferences for alternative meat. The objective of this study is to identify which attributes influence consumers to possibly replace conventional beef meat with cultured meat in Brazil. An online survey was conducted, and Best-worst scaling methodology was applied to a sample of 225 consumers. The sampling leaned towards educated and employed residents of the southeast region of Brazil, which might not fully represent the Brazilian population. Despite limitations in terms of the sampling demographic, overall, Brazilians appear to be willing to consume cultured meat: 80.9% of the sample would be willing to try it, 61.3% would be willing to eat it regularly, and 56.9% would be willing to eat cultured meat as a replacement for conventionally produced beef. Despite the focus of this study being on attributes of a hypothetical product that is not commercially available, which might pose difficulty to consumers to predict their future consumption behavior, results show that the most important attributes influencing consumers to possibly replace conventional beef meat by cultured meat in Brazil are anticipated risk of zoonotic diseases, anticipated healthiness and anticipated food safety conditions. Attributes related to benefits at a global societal level and intrinsic characteristics of cultured meat were less important

Impact of objective knowledge and self-assessed knowledge on the population’s attitudes towards the Brazilian agribusiness

In Brazil, positive and negative information is spread about agribusiness. In this context of positive and negative information, the population forms its attitudes towards Brazilian agribusiness. Attitudes are related to objective knowledge, that is, accurate scientific information or consolidated data the individual has in his/her memory, and self-assessed knowledge, that is, what the individual thinks she or he knows. The objective was to identify the impacts of objective knowledge and self-assessed knowledge about Brazilian agribusiness on the population’s attitudes. Data were collected through the application of questionnaire to a sample of 468 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and an ordinal logistic regression model. The results show that the greater the objective knowledge and the greater the self-assessed knowledge, the greater the probability of an individual having a more positive attitudes towards Brazilian agribusiness. The results also show that the further to the right on the political spectrum the individual declared himself/herself, the greater the probability of showing more positive attitudes towards the Brazilian agribusiness

Impact of objective knowledge and self-assessed knowledge on the population’s attitudes towards the Brazilian agribusiness

In Brazil, positive and negative information is spread about agribusiness. In this context of positive and negative information, the population forms its attitudes towards Brazilian agribusiness. Attitudes are related to objective knowledge, that is, accurate scientific information or consolidated data the individual has in his/her memory, and self-assessed knowledge, that is, what the individual thinks she or he knows. The objective was to identify the impacts of objective knowledge and self-assessed knowledge about Brazilian agribusiness on the population’s attitudes. Data were collected through the application of questionnaire to a sample of 468 participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and an ordinal logistic regression model. The results show that the greater the objective knowledge and the greater the self-assessed knowledge, the greater the probability of an individual having a more positive attitudes towards Brazilian agribusiness. The results also show that the further to the right on the political spectrum the individual declared himself/herself, the greater the probability of showing more positive attitudes towards the Brazilian agribusiness

Food trade between Brazil and Switzerland : pathways to drive family farming and sustainability

The agri-economic growth in emerging economies has created opportunities for some, but has failed in terms of guaranteeing equality among food system actors (Guinn & Hamrick, 2014). More specifically, this is subject to opportunity of labour and income in rural areas, but also rural exodus, loss of ethnic-social-diversity, biodiversity, among others. Family farms or small-scale farmers in general, being left out of the commercialization and economic development, often belong to the losers of globalization and export-oriented agricultural developments. In Switzerland, the dominant small family farms are heavily supported by governmental subsidies (Aerni 2009). Swiss consumers often refer to the logic that products from their country are the best (Lazzarini et al. 2017) and want to support local family farms. In this perception, there is some contradiction with the current practices of importing highly industrialized and large-scale products from the Brazilian agribusiness. The model of supporting sustainable practices inland and depending on large-scale-based commodity imports from abroad must be questioned. In contrary, importing countries should give some thought on how to encourage the inclusion of products from family farms into markets. In 2017 the Swiss people voted in favor for a new paragraph in the federal constitution on “Food Security” (art. 104a). This obliges the Swiss Government to create conditions for cross-border trade relations that contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture and food production. In fact, great emphasis was given to reposition family farming at the center of agricultural, environmental and social policies in the national agendas during the International Year of Family Farming (FAO, 2014). During this meeting, demands were addressed to the identification of gaps and opportunities to promote a shift towards a more equal and balanced development. Family farmers are very diverse in the activities they develop (Graeub et al. 2018; Knickel et al. 2018) and play a significant role on fighting for eradication of hunger and poverty, providing food security and nutrition, improving livelihoods, managing natural resources, protecting biodiversity, and achieving sustainable development (FAO, 2014). Thus, strengthening the role of family in domestic and international markets may be a key to reach more sustainable perspectives (JISKA et al. 2015)

Understanding the factors influencing consumer willingness to accept the use of insects to feed poultry, cattle, pigs and fish in Brazil.

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing consumer willingness to accept the use of insects to feed poultry, cattle, pigs, and fish. To reach this objective, we conducted an online survey with Brazilian consumers. 600 questionnaires were collected. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. In general, the use of insects to feed poultry, pigs and cattle was not widely accepted. A more widely acceptance was found for the use of insects to feed fish. The results of logistic regressions models show that positive attitudes are associated with a higher probability of accepting the use of insects to feed poultry, pigs, cattle, and fish. Perceived benefits were associated with a higher likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed fish. However, perceived benefits were also associated with a lower likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed poultry. Perceived challenges were associated with a higher likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed poultry. However, perceived challenges were associated with a lower likelihood of accepting the use of insects to feed pigs