Development of a new screening tool for cyber pornography. Psychometric properties of the Cyber Pornography Addiction Test (CYPAT)

Objective: Internet pornography addiction typically involves viewing, downloading and trading online pornography or engagement in adult fantasy role-play. There are some well-validated inventories measuring perceived addiction to internet pornography but these instruments are often too long for a functionally use and fast scoring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the cyber pornography addiction test (CYPAT), a new, brief, screening measure for assessing cyber pornography.Method: Participants of this study completed the CYPAT, the CPUI, the TAS-20 and the FACES-IV. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied.Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient suggested excellent reliability of the measure. Results of this study revealed also good construct, convergent and divergent validity.Conclusions: CYPAT is a brief self-report screening scale composed of 11 items scored on a five-point Likert scale with good psychometrics properties. The implications of these findings for future theoretical and empirical research in this field are discusse

Power-aware allocation of MBSFN subframes using Discontinuous Cell Transmission in LTE systems

In LTE and its evolutions, energy efficiency is a critical aspect, also in view of the dramatic traffic growth foreseen for the next years. Cell Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) techniques can be important tools to achieve the needed efficiency in the networks, and one possibility is to implement the DTX by switching off the eNB at some subframes (MBSFN subframes) and not in others (where reference signals are also transmitted). Switching schedules in LTE are made for larger periods (e.g., 40/80ms or even more). We present an algorithm that i) estimates how many resources will be needed in a period, and ii) shows how many resource blocks to activate in each subframe so as to maximize the power efficiency. The problem is formulated as an integer linear problem and solved heuristically. Numerical results show that the power saving is significant, close to the theoretical minimum at low loads, and it comes with a tolerable extra dela

A Narrative Review on Treatment Strategies for Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background and Objective Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) represents a significant achievement in the translation of scientific research to clinical application, but it is currently the only neuroprotective treatment for HIE. This review aims to revisit the use of TH for HIE and its longitudinal impact on patient outcomes to readers new to the field of HIE. We discuss how emerging therapies address the broader pathophysiology of injury progression in the neonatal brain days to years after HIE. Methods We included full articles and book chapters published in English on PubMed with references to “hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy”, “birth asphyxia”, “therapeutic hypothermia”, or “neonatal encephalopathy”. We limited our review to outcomes on term infants and to new therapeutics that are in the second phase of clinical trials. Key Content and Findings Despite the use of TH for HIE, mortality remains high. Analysis of longitudinal studies reveals a high incidence of ongoing disability even with the implementation of TH. New therapeutics addressing the secondary phase and the less understood tertiary phase of brain injury are in clinical trials as adjunctive treatments to TH to support additional neurological repair and regeneration. Conclusions TH successfully improves outcomes after HIE, and it continues to be optimized. Larger studies are needed to understand its use in mild cases of HIE and if certain factors, such as sex, affect long term outcomes. TH primarily acts in the initial phases of injury, while new pharmaceutical therapies target additional injury pathways into the tertiary phases of injury. This may allow for more effective approaches to treatment and improvement of long-term functional outcomes after HIE

Lights and Shadows in the Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lung Inflammation, a Poorly Investigated Topic in Cystic Fibrosis

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic stem cells residing in many tissues, including the lung. MSCs have long been regarded as a promising tool for cell-based therapy because of their ability to replace damaged tissue by differentiating into the resident cell and repopulating the injured area. Their ability to release soluble factors and extracellular vesicles has emerged as crucial in the resolution of inflammation and injury. There is a growing literature on the use of MSCs and MSC secretome to hamper inflammation in different lung pathologies, including: asthma, pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their potential therapeutic role in the context of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung inflammation is still not fully characterized. CF morbidity and mortality are mainly due to progressive lung dysfunction. Lung inflammation is a chronic and unresolved condition that triggers progressive tissue damage. Thus, it becomes even more important to develop innovative immunomodulatory therapies aside from classic anti-inflammatory agents. Here, we address the main features of CF and the implications in lung inflammation. We then review how MSCs and MSC secretome participate in attenuating inflammation in pulmonary pathologies, emphasizing the significant potential of MSCs as new therapeutic approach in CF

Practical large-scale coordinated scheduling in LTE-Advanced networks

In LTE-Advanced, the same spectrum can be re-used in neighboring cells, hence coordinated scheduling is employed to improve the overall network performance (cell throughput, fairness, and energy efficiency) by reducing inter-cell interference. In this paper, we advocate that large-scale coordination can be obtained through a layered solution: a cluster of few (i.e., three) cells is coordinated at the first level, and clusters of coordinated cells are then coordinated at a larger scale (e.g., tens of cells). We model both small-scale coordination and large-scale coordination as optimization problems, show that solving them at optimality is prohibitive, and propose two efficient heuristics that achieve good results, and yet are simple enough to be run at every Transmission Time Interval (TTI). Detailed packet-level simulations show that our layered approach outperforms the existing ones, both static and dynamic

Improving network performance via optimization-based centralized coordination of LTE-A cells

This paper shows how to improve the overall network performance (cell throughput, fairness, and energy efficiency) via centralized coordination of LTE-A cells. We first present optimization models for small-scale coordination (i.e., three cells). Then, we show that extending the same solution to a higher number of cells is generally unfeasible, due to both an unfeasible amount of reporting on the UE side, and too high computational requirements. To overcome this limitation we then propose a layered solution which i) relies on small-scale coordination at the first level (e.g., three cells at the same site), and ii) coordinates groups of coordinated cells at a higher scale (i.e., tens of cells), using optimization models, reaping the benefits of a centralized architecture. We show through packet-level simulations that our scheme brings significant benefits, in terms of fairness, throughput, and energy efficiency

Transcriptional control of the B3GALT5 gene by a retroviral promoter and methylation of distant regulatory elements

We focused on transcription factors and epigenetic marks that regulate the B3GALT5 gene through its retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. We compared the expression levels of the B3GALT5 LTR transcript, quantitated by competitive RT-PCR, with those of the candidate transcription factors HNF1\u3b1/\u3b2 and Cdx1/2, determined by Western blot analysis, in colon cancer biopsies, various cell lines, and cell models serving as controls. We found that HNF1\u3b1/\u3b2 were easily detected, irrespective of the amount of LTR transcript expressed by the source, whereas Cdx1/2 were undetectable, and no sample lacking HNF1\u3b1/\u3b2 expressed the LTR transcript. On transfection in proper host cells, both HNF1\u3b1 and HNF1\u3b2 provided detectable LTR transcript, whereas shRNA-mediated silencing of HNF1\u3b2 impaired transcription. Treating cells with 5\u2032-aza-2\u2032-deoxycytidine (5AZA) strongly reduced expression, without affecting HNF1\u3b1/\u3b2, despite the lack of CpG islands in the LTR and proximal sequences. By electrophoresis mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays, the LTR promoter binding and activity did not correlate with the amounts of LTR transcript expressed in the cells and depended on the levels of the transcription factors. We conclude that HNF1\u3b1/\u3b2 are necessary but insufficient to activate and regulate B3GALT5 LTR transcription, which depends on unknown regulatory elements that are active when methylated and located outside of and far from the LTR promoter

Resource allocation for network-controlled device-to-device communications in LTE-Advanced

Network-controlled device-to-device (D2D) communication allows cellular users to communicate directly, i.e., without passing through the eNodeB, while the latter retains control over resource allocation. This allows the same time–frequency resources to be allocated to spatially separated D2D flows simultaneously, thus increasing the cell throughput. This paper presents a framework for: (1) selecting which communications should use the D2D mode, and when, and (2) allocating resources to D2D and non-D2D users, exploiting reuse for the former. We show that the two problems, although apparently similar, should be kept separate and solved at different timescales in order to avoid problems, such as excessive packet loss. We model both as optimization problems, and propose a heuristic solution to the second, which must be solved at millisecond timescales. Simulation results show that our framework is practically viable, it avoids the problem of packet losses, increases throughput and reduces delays

Crystallization kinetics as a sensitive tool to detect degradation in poly(lactide)/poly(ε-caprolactone)/ PCL-co-PC copolymers blends

Poly(lactide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends (PLA/PCL) with composition 80/20 (w/w%) are immiscible but biodegradable and therefore often studied in the literature. We have prepared 80/20 PLA/PCL blends with and without poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-poly(carbonate) copolymers (block and random). The blends were prepared both by melt extrusion and by solution blending. The concentration of PCL-co-PC copolymers added to the blends was 2 wt%. Compression molded sheets and solvent cast films were evaluated by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Copolymer addition causes a reduction of molecular weight in melt mixed blends. In particular, the random copolymer (PCL-ran-PC) causes the highest molecular weight reduction, since it has lower thermal stability, as shown by TGA. PLOM experiments show that these degraded PLA chains in melt-mixed blends can nucleate and grow faster than similar but undegraded PLA chains in solution-mixed blends. As a result, the PLA phase within melt mixed blends containing PCL-co-PC copolymers shows a higher tendency to crystallize during both isothermal and non-isothermal DSC experiments. Upon molecular weight reduction in melt mixed blends containing copolymers, PLA chains have a higher mobility resulting in faster diffusion towards the growing crystal front. Our results show crystallization kinetic measurements, performed by PLOM or DSC, are useful tools to qualitatively detect molecular weight changes produced by degradation of PLA chains, when the molecular weight reduction is not large enough to decrease Tm values

Expression of carbohydrate-antigen sialyl-Lewis a on colon cancer cells promotes xenograft growth and angiogenesis in nude mice

We investigated the role of carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Lewis a (sLea), an E-selectin ligand and epitope of tumor marker CA19.9, in the development of xenografts in nude mice. To this end, animals were inoculated with the human colon cancer cell line HCT-15, expressing no Lewis antigens, or with a clone expressing sLea (HCT-15-T5). The size of HCT-15-T5 xenografts appeared larger than those of HCT-15 and their average weight was over twice bigger. In both xenografts the mitotic index was found elevated, as determined by Ki-67 assay, and no apoptosis was detected in the tumor cells by both caspase 8 or TUNEL assays. Some apoptotic signals were instead detected in the vessels. Conversely, microvessel density, determined through CD-31 immunohistochemistry, was found 3.2-folds bigger in HCT-15-T5 xenografts (p < 0.012). Only the membranes of HCT-15-T5 cells grown as xenografts reacted intensively with the anti CA19.9 antibody 1116-NS-19-9 by immunofluorescence, but not by immunohistochemistry. Unknown structures were instead stained by such technique in both xenografts, as were in mouse tissues not expressing the antigen and in human colon adenocarcinoma. We conclude that expression of sLea on the surface of colon cancer cells improves xenograft growth and is associated with enhanced angiogenesis, while immunohistochemistry with 1116-NS-19-9 antibody appears not suitable to determine CA19.9 expression