Retocolite ulcerativa - uma revisão abrangente sobre etiologia, epidemiologia, investigação diagnóstica, abordagem clínica e cirúrgica

A retocolite ulcerativa (RCU) é uma doença inflamatória crônica do intestino que afeta principalmente o cólon e o reto. Sua etiologia ainda não está completamente compreendida, mas fatores genéticos, imunológicos e ambientais desempenham um papel importante no seu desenvolvimento. Em termos de epidemiologia, a RCU é mais comum em países desenvolvidos e afeta igualmente homens e mulheres, geralmente se manifestando na segunda e terceira décadas de vida. A investigação diagnóstica da RCU envolve uma combinação de exames clínicos, endoscópicos e radiológicos. A colonoscopia com biópsia é fundamental para confirmar o diagnóstico, enquanto exames de sangue e fezes podem auxiliar na avaliação da gravidade da inflamação e exclusão de outras condições. Imagens como a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética podem ser úteis em casos complicados ou para avaliar a extensão da doença. No que diz respeito à abordagem clínica, o tratamento da RCU visa controlar a inflamação, aliviar os sintomas e prevenir complicações a longo prazo. Isso geralmente é feito através de uma combinação de medicamentos, incluindo anti-inflamatórios, imunossupressores e, em casos mais graves, terapias biológicas. Além disso, mudanças na dieta e no estilo de vida podem ser recomendadas para ajudar a reduzir os sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Em casos refratários ao tratamento médico ou na presença de complicações graves, como hemorragia, perfuração ou câncer colorretal, a abordagem cirúrgica pode ser necessária. A colectomia total ou parcial, com ou sem formação de uma bolsa ileal, é a intervenção cirúrgica mais comum realizada em pacientes com RCU. No entanto, a decisão de realizar uma cirurgia deve ser cuidadosamente ponderada, levando em consideração os potenciais benefícios e riscos para cada paciente individualmente

SÍNDROME DE EKBOM E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES DERMATOLÓGICAS: EXPLORANDO O IMPACTO PSICODERMATOLOGICO DA ILUSÃO PARASITÁRIA

Ekbom Syndrome is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by persistent delusions and hallucinations, in which the patient believes they are infested by parasites or affected by inanimate objects. This syndrome, also known as neuroderma parasitophobia, is more common in women in their fifth or sixth decade of life and is associated with psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. Symptoms include tingling sensations, itching, and skin lesions caused by attempts to remove the supposed parasites from the skin. Diagnosis is challenging and requires the exclusion of real infections. Treatment usually involves the use of neuroleptics and an empathetic approach by healthcare professionals. Awareness of Ekbom Syndrome is crucial to improve early diagnosis, proper management, and support for patients affected by this condition.La Síndrome de Ekbom es una condición psiquiátrica compleja caracterizada por delirios y alucinaciones persistentes, en los cuales el paciente cree estar infestado por parásitos o afectado por objetos inanimados. Esta síndrome, también conocida como neuroderma parasitofobia, es más común en mujeres en la quinta o sexta década de vida y está asociada con trastornos psicológicos como la depresión y la ansiedad. Los síntomas incluyen sensaciones de hormigueo, picazón y lesiones cutáneas causadas por intentos de eliminar los supuestos parásitos de la piel. El diagnóstico es desafiante y requiere la exclusión de infecciones reales. El tratamiento generalmente implica el uso de neurolépticos y un enfoque empático por parte de los profesionales de la salud. La conciencia sobre la Síndrome de Ekbom es crucial para mejorar el diagnóstico temprano, el manejo adecuado y el apoyo a los pacientes afectados por esta condición.A Síndrome de Ekbom é uma condição psiquiátrica complexa caracterizada por delírios e alucinações persistentes, nos quais o paciente acredita estar infestado por parasitas ou afetado por objetos inanimados. Esta síndrome, também conhecida como neuroderma parasitofobia, é mais comum em mulheres na quinta ou sexta década de vida e está associada a transtornos psicológicos como depressão e ansiedade. Os sintomas incluem sensações de formigamento, coceira e lesões cutâneas causadas pela tentativa de remover os supostos parasitas da pele. O diagnóstico é desafiador e requer a exclusão de infecções reais. O tratamento geralmente envolve o uso de neurolépticos e uma abordagem empática por parte dos profissionais de saúde. A conscientização sobre a Síndrome de Ekbom é crucial para melhorar o diagnóstico precoce, o manejo adequado e o apoio aos pacientes afetados por essa condição

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO LEITE MATERNO PARA O CRESCIMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO INFANTIL

To analyze the importance of breast milk for infant growth and development using scientific evidence. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for studies involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Breastfeeding", "Health promotion" and "Child health". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2014 and 2024, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: Through breastfeeding, physical well-being can be established, where the child feels cozy, in addition to this feeling of protection and skin-to-skin contact, this practice has a very positive impact. Conclusion: It can be concluded that breastfeeding is important for the child's development, especially in the first six months of life. It also provides the right nutrients in the right quantities for the child.Analisar por meio das evidências cientificas a importância do leite materno para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Aleitamento materno”, “Promoção da saúde” e “Saúde da criança”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2014 e 2024, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Por meio da amamentação pode se estabelecer o bem estar físico, onde a criança se sente aconchegado, além dessa sensação de proteção e contato pele a pele, essa prática exercer um impacto bastante positivo. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prática do aleitamento materno é importante para o desenvolvimento da criança principalmente nos primeiros seis meses de vida. Além disso, ele possui os nutrientes corretos e em quantidades certas para a criança

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages