COMPROMISOS DE SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA-UDESC, BRASIL: ESTUDIO DE CASO DEL PROYECTO RED DE INDICADORES DE UNIVERSIDADES SOSTENIBLES – RISU

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da aplicação, na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), de um questionário de Indicadores de Sustentabilidade e enfatizar dados relativos aos compromissos assumidos para os próximos 3 a 5 anos. A UDESC faz parte do projeto Rede de Indicadores de Universidades Sustentáveis (RISU) e a aplicação do questionário se constituiu em uma oportunidade para relançar um debate entre a comunidade universitária sobre a problemática da sustentabilidade. O questionário, com 114 indicadores distribuídos por 11 blocos temáticos, foi preenchido pelas autoridades competentes da UDESC. A análise dos resultados permite identificar quais as ações que já foram e/ou ainda não foram implementadas na universidade e, o que é mais importante, quais são os compromissos assumidos pela instituição. Com base na consideração de tais compromissos, debatem-se quais deverão ser os próximos passos para a construção da sustentabilidade na universidade.This work presents the results of the application, at Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Brazil, of a questionnaire on the subject of Sustainability Indicators, and emphasizes data relating to the commitments assumed for the next 3 to 5 years. The UDESC is part of the Network of Sustainability Indicators in Universities (RISU) Project, and the application of the questionnaire provided an opportunity to relaunch a debate within the university community on the issue of sustainability. A questionnaire with 114 indicators, distributed across 11 thematic sections, was filled out by the competent authorities of the UDESC. Analysis of the results showed the actions have been implemented, and those yet to be implemented at the university. More importantly, it showed the commitments already assumed by the institution. Based on a consideration of these commitments, it discusses what the next steps should be for the construction of sustainability at the university.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de la aplicación en la Universidad del Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) de un cuestionario de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad y hacer hincapié en datos relativos a los compromisos asumidos para los próximos 3 a 5 años. La UDESC forma parte del proyecto Red de Indicadores de Universidades Sostenibles (RISU) y la aplicación del cuestionario constituye una oportunidad para relanzar un debate entre la comunidad universitaria sobre la problemática de la sostenibilidad. El cuestionario, con 114 indicadores distribuidos a lo largo de 11 bloques temáticos, fue respondido por las autoridades competentes de la UDESC. El análisis de los resultados permite identificar cuáles son las acciones que ya fueron y/o todavía no fueron implementadas en la universidad y, lo que es más importante, cuáles son los compromisos asumidos por la institución. Con base en la consideración de tales compromisos, se debate cuáles deberán ser los próximos pasos para la construcción de la sostenibilidad en la universidad

Fósforo microbiano e extraível em Latossolo com adição de dejeto suíno sob plantio direto de milho

The use of organic fertilizers like pig slurry promotes the input of significant amounts of P available to plants and microbial biomass, leading to a decrease on P adsorption. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of pig slurry application in crescent rates on the dynamic of microbian phosphorus, anion membrane exchange and Mehlich I. Pig slurry (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 m3 ha-1) was applied on a Brazilian Oxisol. At 0; 5; 14; 22; 36 and 61 days after application the soil was collected (0-10 cm) evaluating P-microbiotic, anion exchange resin and P-Mehlich. The contrasts used were: C1 = 6T1 - T2 - T3 - T4 - T5 - T6 - T7; C2 = T6 - T7; C3 = T7 - T2; C4 = T2 - T3; C5 = T3 - T4 e C6 = T4 - T5 at treatments in the reading moments and the contrasts to: C1 = 5 daa - 14 daa; C2 = 14 daa - 22 daa; C3 = 22 daa - 36 daa e C4 = 36 daa - 61 daa, at moments in the treatments), tested by “t” student test (p<0,05). Data showed that there was a difference between the treatments P-mic, P-RTA and P-Mehlich, ranging from 1.80 at 22.59 mg kg-1 to P-mic, 0.30 at 102.00 mg kg-1 to P-RTA and 0.94 at 52.31 mg kg-1 to P-Mehlich. On average 43.24; 51.55; 51.22; 121.23 e 360.57% of the P-RTA was incorporated by microbial biomass in time, 5, 14, 22, 36 e 61 daa, respectively.A utilização de adubos orgânicos promove a entrada de quantidades significativas de fósforo disponível às plantas e a biomassa microbiana, podendo diminuir sua adsorção no solo. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de doses de dejeto suíno na compartimentalização de P microbiano e formas lábeis com relação ao tempo de aplicação sobre um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Em outubro de 2007 foram aplicados 0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 de dejeto suíno, adubação solúvel com N P K e combinação de adubação solúvel com 25 m3 de dejeto suíno. Aos 0, 5, 14, 22, 36 e 61 dias após a aplicação (daa) foram realizadas coletas de solos de 0-10 cm de profundidade para avaliação de P-mic, P-RTA, P-Mehlich. As variáveis foram analisadas nos tratamentos em cada momento de leitura e, entre os momentos dentro de cada tratamento por meio de contrastes, sendo: C1 = 6T1 - T2 - T3 - T4 - T5 - T6 - T7; C2 = T6 - T7; C3 = T7 - T2; C4 = T2 - T3; C5 = T3 - T4 e C6 = T4 - T5 para cada momento de leitura e para cada tratamento efetuado: C1 = 5 daa - 14 daa; C2 = 14 daa - 22 daa; C3 = 22 daa - 36 daa e C4 = 36 daa - 61 daa. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste “t” de Student (p<0,05). Houve diferença entre os tratamentos de P-mic, P-RTA and P-Mehlich, variando de 1,80 a 22,59 mg kg-1 para P-mic, 0,30 a 102,00 mg kg-1 para P-RTA e 0,94 a 52,31 mg kg-1 para P-Mehlich. Houve incremento médio de 43,24; 51,55; 51,22; 121,23 e 360,57% do P-RTA quando incorporado pela biomassa microbiana em 5, 14, 22, 36 e 61 daa, respectivamente

Ocorrência de bactérias endofíticas do gênero Azospirillum em arroz irrigado no estado de Santa Catarina

Bacteria of the genus Azospirillum can endophytically colonize lowland rice plants and contribute to the development of this culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of endophytic Azospirillum spp. isolated from roots and stems of lowland rice plants grown in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Samples of lowland rice plants were collected in eight farms in the cities of Guaramirim (two areas), Massaranduba, Rodeio (two areas), Rio do Sul, Agronômica and Pouso Redondo. Azospirillum spp. occurrence in disinfested roots and stems of the collected plants was evaluated using the More Probable Number method (MPN), in two semi-solid selective broth: NFb (A. lipoferum and A. brasilense) and LGI (A. amazonense), and the similarity among the eight areas was estimated by the principal component analysis (PCA). The bacteria grown in semi-solid broths were purified in their respective broths, isolated in PDA broth to obtain pure and morphologically characterized cultures. The mean population density of Azospirillum spp. varied from 1.6x108 to 1.42x108 cells g-1 of fresh matter (LGI), and from 1.76x108 to 1.56x108 cells g-1 of fresh matter (NFb), in roots and stem, respectively. Sixty two (62) isolates were obtained, most of them from disinfested roots. The results showed that Azospirillum spp. occurs in satisfactory population densities in lowland rice fields in Santa Catarina and can be found colonizing roots and stems of rice plants.Bactérias do gênero Azospirillum podem colonizar endofiticamente plantas de arroz irrigado e contribuem para o desenvolvimento da cultura. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de bactérias endofíticas do gênero Azospirillum isoladas de raízes e colmos de arroz irrigado cultivado em Santa Catarina. Amostras de plantas de arroz irrigado foram coletadas em oito propriedades rurais nas cidades de Guaramirim (duas áreas), Massaranduba, Rodeio (duas áreas), Rio do Sul, Agronômica e Pouso Redondo. A ocorrência de bactérias endofíticas do gênero Azospirillum em raízes desinfestadas e colmos foi avaliada através do método do Número Mais Provável de Propágulos (NMP), em meio seletivo semi-sólido NFb (A. lipoferum e A. brasilense) e LGI (A. amazonense), e a similaridade entre as áreas foi estimada através da análise de componentes principais (ACP). As bactérias crescidas nos meios semi-seletivos foram purificadas em seus respectivos meios, isoladas em meio BDA até a obtenção de culturas puras e caracterizadas morfologicamente. A densidade populacional média de Azospirillum spp. foi de 1,6x108 e 1,42x108 células g-1 de matéria fresca (meio LGI), e 1,76x108 e 1,56x108 células g-1 de matéria fresca (meio NFb), para raízes e colmos respectivamente. Ao final do isolamento, foram obtidos 62 isolados, dos quais a maior parte oriunda de raízes desinfestadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que Azospirillum spp. ocorrem em densidades populacionais satisfatórias em regiões produtoras de arroz irrigado de Santa Catarina e podem ser encontrados colonizando endofiticamente raízes e colmos das plantas

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine