Estabilidad y predicción de la agresión física desde la infancia hasta la adolescencia: un estudio con múltiples informantes

Aim of the study is to examine the stability and the predictive value of physical and verbal aggression reported by different informants (self, teachers and peer) from late childhood to middle adolescence), the inter informant agreement and their distal predictive values on indicators of adjustment (academic achievement, social preference, prosocial behavior) and maladjustment (depression, delinquency). As part of an Italian longitudinal project, 372 children (204 males and 168 females) participating at the study were examined annually from time 1 ( age 9.5) to time 5 (age 13.5). Results show gender differences in frequency and stability of physical and verbal aggression across informants. Futhermore they attest to the stability of individual differences in physical and verbal aggression and an overall decreasing at the mean level . Findings call attention on the risk associated to be highly aggressive according to different informants at age 9.5 and to later maladjustment outcomes.ResumenEl objetivo del estudio es examinar la estabilidad y el valor predictivo de la agresión física y verbal evaluada por múltiples informantes (los propios niños, sus profesores y compañeros) desde la última etapa de la niñez a la adolescencia media, la convergencia entre informantes y el valor predictivo a largo plazo de la agresión física y verbal con respecto a diferentes indicadores de ajuste (rendimiento escolar, aceptación social, comportamiento prosocial) y desequilibrio (depresión, delincuencia). Como parte de un proyecto longitudinal italiano se examinaron a 372 niños (204 varones y 168 mujeres) que fueron evaluados anualmente desde el momento 1 (edad 9.5) hasta el momento 5 (edad 13.5). Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias de género en la frecuencia y estabilidad de la agresión física y verbal en las evaluaciones de los diferentes informantes. Además ponen de relieve la estabilidad de las diferencias individuales en agresión fisica y verbal y un descenso generalizado en los valores medios. Los resultados confirman aquellas hipótesis que señalan la agresión infantil referida por diferentes informantes a la edad de 9.5 años como un factor de riesgo que anticipa diferentes manifestaciones desadaptativas futuras.AbstractAim of the study is to examine the stability and the predictive value of physical and verbal aggression reported by different informants (self, teachers and peer) from late childhood to middle adolescence), the inter informant agreement and their distal predictive values on indicators of adjustment (academic achievement, social preference, prosocial behavior) and maladjustment (depression, delinquency). As part of an Italian longitudinal project, 372 children (204 males and 168 females) participating at the study were examined annually from time 1 ( age 9.5) to time 5 (age 13.5). Results show gender differences in frequency and stability of physical and verbal aggression across informants. Futhermore they attest to the stability of individual differences in physical and verbal aggression and an overall decreasing at the mean level . Findings call attention on the risk associated to be highly aggressive according to different informants at age 9.5 and to later maladjustment outcomes

Estabilidad y predicción de la agresión física desde la infancia hasta la adolescencia: un estudio con múltiples informantes

El objetivo del estudio es examinar la estabilidad y el valor predictivo de la agresión física y verbal evaluada por múltiples informantes (los propios niños, sus profesores y compañeros) desde la última etapa de la niñez a la adolescencia media, la convergencia entre informantes y el valor predictivo a largo plazo de la agresión física y verbal con respecto a diferentes indicadores de ajuste (rendimiento escolar, aceptación social, comportamiento prosocial) y desequilibrio (depresión, delincuencia). Como parte de un proyecto longitudinal italiano se examinaron a 372 niños (204 varones y 168 mujeres) que fueron evaluados anualmente desde el momento 1 (edad 9.5) hasta el momento 5 (edad 13.5). Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias de género en la frecuencia y estabilidad de la agresión física y verbal en las evaluaciones de los diferentes informantes. Además ponen de relieve la estabilidad de las diferencias individuales en agresión fisica y verbal y un descenso generalizado en los valores medios. Los resultados confirman aquellas hipótesis que señalan la agresión infantil referida por diferentes informantes a la edad de 9.5 años como un factor de riesgo que anticipa diferentes manifestaciones desadaptativas futuras

Active aging promotion: results from the Vital Aging Program

Active aging is one of the terms in the semantic network of aging well, together with others such as successful, productive, competent aging. All allude to the new paradigm in gerontology, where by aging is considered from a positive perspective. Most authors in the field agree active aging is a multidimensional concept, embracing health, physical and cognitive fitness, positive affect and control, social relationships and engagement. This paper describes Vital Aging, an individual active aging promotion program implemented through three modalities: Life, Multimedia, and e-Learning. The program was developed on the basis of extensive evidence about individual determinants of active aging. e different versions of Vital Aging are described, and four evaluation studies (both formative and summative) are reported. Formative evaluation reflected participants's satisfaction and expected changes; summative evaluations yielded some quite encouraging results using quasi-experimental designs: those who took part in the programs increased their physical exercise, signicantly improved their diet, reported better memory, had better emotional balance, and enjoyed more cultural, intellectual, affective, and social activities than they did before the course, thus increasing their social relationships. These results are discussed in the context of the common literature within the field and, also, taking into .account the limitations of the evaluations accomplished.Vital Aging Programs were sponsored by the Institute for Older Adults and Social Services (IMSERSO-UAM Agreements 1997-00), the Socrates Minerva Program of the European Commission (AGE-LL-C, 2001-03), and the UAM Santander Research Program for Latin America (PUM-e 2011)

Envejecimiento con éxito: valoración de un programa

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Fecha de lectura: 11 de mayo de 200

Development and validation of a paternalism and autonomist care assessment

Aim: There is a need for a validated instrument to measure the type of care (paternalism or person-centred) provided for older adults. Since paternalism and person-centred care are the most important caregiving styles in the field of care and as they are usually opposed, the study aims to develop and establish psychometrics data of an instrument to identify paternalistic and autonomist behaviours in older adults care contexts, which can help to enhance care practice. Design: Instrument development. Methods: After observing and standardizing behaviours in formal care contexts in 2016, an instrument was developed and proceeding to a first validation using standard validation techniques among caregivers in two care settings during 2016-2017: senior citizen centres and older adult day care centres. Results: The Paternalist/Autonomist Care Assessment (PACA) is a 30-item, behaviour-based instrument which measures both the appraisal of caregivers on elements of care (Care Appraisal Scale- PACA-Appraisal) and the occurrence of behaviours (Occurrence of Care in Context- PACA-Occurrence). The Paternalist/Autonomist Care Assessment (PACA) was validated in 160 professional caregivers and was able to discriminate two factors: paternalistic or overprotective behaviours and autonomist behaviours. However, these factors were not fully dichotomous and were shown to coexist to some degree. Conclusion: The instrument displayed good psychometric properties to measure paternalism and autonomy in older adult care. Moreover, it showed that the two types of care are not antagonistic and can coexist, with overprotective behaviours being more frequent in contexts of care for more dependent persons. Impact: There are no validated instruments to measure paternalism and person-centred behaviour in care contexts. The two measures yielded by the PACA show good construct and concurrent empirical validity, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity. Family caregiver, professional caregivers, nurses, older adults.MINECO Project: PSI2014-52464-P-ICESEN.2.561 JCR (2019) Q2, 6/123 Nursing1.027 SJR (2019) Q1, 10/151 Nursing (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2019UE