Ensayos sobre el crédito comercial

Tesis doctoral por compendi

Trade Credit as a Sustainable Resource during an SME’s Life Cycle

Inadequate access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can present a major impediment to SMEs’ contribution towards driving sustainable economic growth. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of life cycle on SME financing decisions while focusing on trade credit. To this end, we study whether trade credit and its firm-factor determinants differ depending on the stage of life cycle of the SMEs. For the empirical analysis, a sample is employed of manufacturing SMEs operating in 12 European Union countries over the period 2008–2014 and a panel data model with fixed effects is applied. We find that the business life cycle influences trade credit and that this influence is stronger in young firms, although this relation is non-linear across the firms’ life cycle. We further show that the impact of firm-factor determinants on trade credit differs across the business life cycle in terms of magnitude levels. Our results demonstrate that the business life cycle matters when analysing trade credit, and it should therefore be considered when managers and policymakers strive to solve the financial problems of an SME and to consequently incorporate the SME into the sustainable economy.Junta de Andalucía proyecto SEJ-55

El crédito comercial en el sector turístico: ciclo económico y factores determinantes

Este trabajo estudia los factores determinantes del créditocomercial recibido y concedido en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector turístico español, prestando una especial atención a la situación económica. Para ello, se analiza una muestra de empresas utilizando lametodología de datos de panel durante el periodo 2004-2011, queincluye una etapa de expansión y otra de recesión. Los resultados muestran que el ciclo económico afecta significativamente al crédito comercial recibido y concedido. Ambos aumentan en la etapa de bonanza económica, y se contraen durante la crisis, afectando a la financiación de la empresa y a sus clientes.This work studies the determinant factor of trade credit received and granted in medium-sized enterprises belonging to Spanish tourism sector, with special attention to economic situation. To do this, we analyze a sample of firms using the panel data methodology during the years 2004-2011, a period that includes one phase of expansion and another of recession. The results show that the economic cycle significantly affects trade credit received and granted. Therefore, both increase in the period of economic boom, and contract during crisis,which affects the financing of firms and its customers

Tourism sector and trade credit: a quantile regression approach in SMEs

This paper analyses the determinants of the trade credit in Spanish tourist SMEs from a new perspective. More specifically, we focus on the relationship between trade credit and other important financial resources: bank credit and self-financing, and a quantile regression approach is used to analyse trade credit in the tourism sector. This methodology takes into account the heterogeneity of firms in different quantiles of trade credit distribution. Our results show that smaller, younger and less self-financed firms use more trade credit to compensate theirs financing problems

Trade credit in the tourism sector: Determinant factors

Este trabajo estudia los factores determinantes del crédito comercial recibido y concedido en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector turístico español, prestando una especial atención a la situación económica. Para ello, se analiza una muestra de empresas utilizando la metodología de datos de panel durante el periodo 2004- 2011, que incluye una etapa de expansión y otra de recesión. Los resultados muestran que el ciclo económico afecta significativamente al crédito comercial recibido y concedido. Ambos aumentan en la etapa de bonanza económica, y se contraen durante la crisis, afectando a la financiación de la empresa y a sus clientes.This work studies the determinant factor of trade credit received and granted in medium- sized enterprises belonging to Spanish tourism sector, with special attention to economic situation. To do this, we analyze a sample of firms using the panel data methodology during the years 2004-2011, a period that includes one phase of expansion and another of recession. The results show that the economic cycle significantly affects trade credit received and granted. Therefore, both increase in the period of economic boom, and contract during crisis, which affects the financing of firms and its customers

Impact of economic cycle on trade credit: The case of Spanish SMEs

Este trabajo estudia los efectos de la situación económica sobre el crédito comercial en las pequenas y ˜ medianas empresas. Para lograr este objetivo, se analiza unamuestra de pymes espanolas durante los a ˜ nos ˜ 2004 a 2011, periodo que incluye una etapa de expansión y otra de recesión, utilizando la metodología de datos de panel. Los resultados muestran que el ciclo económico afecta de manera significativa al crédito comercial recibido y concedido, produciéndose un aumento en la etapa de bonanza económica y una contracción durante la crisis. Además, son las empresas más vulnerables financieramente las que durante la crisis, por un lado, tienen más dificultades para conseguir financiación vía crédito comercial, pero al mismo tiempo más incrementan su crédito a clientes. Por último, aquellas firmas con mayor capacidad de generar recursos conceden más crédito a sus clientes.The objective of this work is to study the effects of the economic situation on trade credit received and granted, in small and medium-sized enterprises. To this end, using the panel data methodology, we analyse a sample of Spanish SMEs during the years 2004-2011: a period that includes two phases, one of expansion and another of recession. The results show that the economic cycle significantly affects trade credit received and granted, which both increase in the period of economic boom, and contract during a period of crisis. In addition, constrained firms receive less credit from suppliers during the crisis, while their accounts receivables increase. Finally, those firms with greater capacity to generate internal resources grant more credit to their customers

Examining the effects of the quality of financial reports on SME trade credit: an innovative approach

Following an innovative approach, the effects of finan-cial report quality on the use of trade credit in small andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are examined. Thiseffect is considered in a direct and indirect way. Firstly,we analyze whether SMEs with low-quality informationare more likely to use trade credit as a financialresource. Secondly, we investigate whether the rela-tionship between trade credit and bank credit in SMEsis moderated by the quality of financial reports. For theempirical analysis, we use a sample of Spanish SMEsover the period 2004 to 2011, and apply a panel datamodel with fixed effects. The findings suggest thatfirms with low-quality financial reporting use moretrade credit. Furthermore, the influence of bank crediton trade credit is found to be partially moderated byaudit opinion

Financial distress and corporate restructuring: a case study

This article analyses the turnaround strategies that can help a company to recover from a situation of financial distress. This study presents an innovative dynamic approach that follows the financial distress lifecycle from its beginning to its resolution while focusing on the Spanish context, which differs from the Anglo-Saxon context traditionally considered in previous studies. The methodology of the case study is employed in order to explore, on an in-depth basis, the features of the resolution of financial distress situations. To this end, the single case of a large Spanish listed company is examined over the period of 2008 to 2017. Our case study shows that the company undertook a wide range of restructuring strategies at a private level that are usually applied by distressed firms. However, for a long time, the company largely focused on debt restructuring. This lengthening of the restructuring process coupled with a weak recovery suggests a system for solving the situations of corporate financial distress that is not agile and that may also be relatively inefficient. The findings provide valuable support for practitioners in developing a successful restructuring response, and for policymakers in designing appropriate legislation on insolvency

Impact of economic cycle on trade credit: The case of Spanish SMEs

The objective of this work is to study the effects of the economic situation on trade credit received and granted, in small and medium-sized enterprises. To this end, using the panel data methodology, we analyse a sample of Spanish SMEs during the years 2004-2011: a period that includes two phases, one of expansion and another of recession. The results show that the economic cycle significantly affects trade credit received and granted, which both increase in the period of economic boom, and contract during a period of crisis. In addition, constrained firms receive less credit from suppliers during the crisis, while their accounts receivables increase. Finally, those firms with greater capacity to generate internal resources grant more credit to their customers