Demographic characteristics, medical claims six months prior to the index detoxification between the pre- and post-period for each treatment group.

(DOCX)</p

Sensitivity analysis of 90-day readmission rate in pre- and post-period and C.L.I.M.B. and comparison groups, excluding patients belonging to two periods.

(DOCX)</p

Opioid chronic condition clinical pathway in weeks (w) and months (m).

(DOCX)</p

Proportions of patients receiving treatments within 30-day of the discharge date of the index inpatient detoxification.

Proportions of patients receiving treatments within 30-day of the discharge date of the index inpatient detoxification.</p

Standardized difference (SD) between C.L.I.M.B.^a and comparison in the pre- and post-period respectively.

Standardized difference (SD) between C.L.I.M.B.a and comparison in the pre- and post-period respectively.</p

Patient inclusion and exclusion criteria and sample sizes in the pre- and post-periods.

Patient inclusion and exclusion criteria and sample sizes in the pre- and post-periods.</p

Propensity scores for participating in the pilot program in the pre- and post-periods.

Using the plug-in lasso selected covariates from the covariates and the interactions between continuous and discrete covariates in Table 1. The selected variables for the pre-period propensity score are HMO×household/disability score, HMO×minority/language score, and HMO×housing/transportation score. The selected variables for the post-period propensity score are HMO×childhood opportunity index, HMO×minority/language score, and HMO×housing/transportation score.</p

Causal effects in a difference–in–differences analysis.

Solid black lines for observed data, black dashed line for the estimated potential outcome for the pilot group and the red dotted line for bias using a pre-post design with only the pilot group data. (DOCX)</p

Demographic characteristics, medical claims six months prior to detoxification in the pre- and post-period.

Demographic characteristics, medical claims six months prior to detoxification in the pre- and post-period.</p