From Immigrant to Refugee: An Evaluation and Case Study of the Historiography Surrounding Chinese Immigration to the Americas and Caribbean, 1840s-2000s

From the middle of the nineteenth century to the early and mid-twentieth century, Chinese immigrants came to the Americas and the Caribbean in droves. Often these immigrants came to places like the American Mid-West, Peru, or Jamaica as indentured laborers. Ushered into nations hoping to obtain great riches to bring back to China, most of these immigrants fell into unfair and arduous labor contracts. This paper asks: what are the trends in this research, and where is it lacking? The work presented in this paper is in two parts. The first part explores the methodologies within prominent positions on Chinese immigration to the Americas and the Caribbean. Within this study, the methodological trends used by historians are engaged, displaying the missing research on Chinese Canadians and the future uses of transimperialism when understanding Chinese immigration to white settler nations. The second part of the research is a case study that builds upon the observations of the historiography of the first section. It focuses on the intersection of reproductive rights, gender politics, immigration movements, and the central role of two nation-states as both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ forces that compelled Chinese citizens to seek asylum in the U.S. after the implementation of the One Child Policy in 1979. Both sections of the paper call for new directions in methodologies and areas of focus

Textile Production and Its Implications For Complex Social Organization

This Bachelors of Philosophy Thesis builds upon the present body of literature and research concerned with the relationship between craft production and the emergence of complex societies. This is done by examining the evidence for textile production at the Early Bronze Age site Karataş, in the Elmalı plain of SW Turkey. This research uses the tools of textile production to draw conclusions about the settlement's complex social organization. Karataş consists of a central mound, approximately 100 m in diameter with a 1.9 ha settlement surrounding it. Excavation at this site began in 1963 and continued to 1975, conducted by Bryn Mawr College under the directorship of Dr. Matcheld Mellink (Warner 1994: Preface, 5). This research demonstrates that Karataş went through varying degrees of economic centralization leading ultimately to the site's abandonment. By conducting a GIS analysis of the distribution of artifacts associated with textile production, this research reveals a concentration of textile production in the fourth period of the site's habitation (EBA II). This concentration is presented as possibly the result of an increase in political authority, emanating from the central mound, which was not previously present within this ancient community. It is followed by a gradual decentralization of textile production in the fifth and sixth periods (EBA II-III) and then abandonment. The final decentralization reflects a loss of political control across the settlement, and may be tied directly to the abandonment

A Local Stochastic Algorithm for Separation in Heterogeneous Self-Organizing Particle Systems

We present and rigorously analyze the behavior of a distributed, stochastic algorithm for separation and integration in self-organizing particle systems, an abstraction of programmable matter. Such systems are composed of individual computational particles with limited memory, strictly local communication abilities, and modest computational power. We consider heterogeneous particle systems of two different colors and prove that these systems can collectively separate into different color classes or integrate, indifferent to color. We accomplish both behaviors with the same fully distributed, local, stochastic algorithm. Achieving separation or integration depends only on a single global parameter determining whether particles prefer to be next to other particles of the same color or not; this parameter is meant to represent external, environmental influences on the particle system. The algorithm is a generalization of a previous distributed, stochastic algorithm for compression (PODC \u2716) that can be viewed as a special case of separation where all particles have the same color. It is significantly more challenging to prove that the desired behavior is achieved in the heterogeneous setting, however, even in the bichromatic case we focus on. This requires combining several new techniques, including the cluster expansion from statistical physics, a new variant of the bridging argument of Miracle, Pascoe and Randall (RANDOM \u2711), the high-temperature expansion of the Ising model, and careful probabilistic arguments

Chance or Choice? An Analysis of Assumed Biological Sex-Based Differences in Undergraduate Public Relations Course Teaching Distributions

In this study the authors explore the observed differences among the courses taught by public relations faculty at Carnegie doctoral institutions based on faculty members’ assumed biological sex. The findings indicate that rank faculty (assistant, associate, and full professor) females teach significantly more upper division courses than their male counterparts. The rank faculty males are teaching more introductory (100 and 200 level) courses than their female counterparts. If one follows the logic that upper division courses are more time and effort demanding for faculty, then these findings indicate that females are disproportionately represented as the primary instructors of record for the most labor-intensive core courses in the public relations curriculum. Whether this pattern is the result of chance or instructor choice, the authors hope that these findings encourage communication department chairs and other administrators to address what appears to be unequal faculty workloads based upon assumed biological sex differences

SSBBR-X: Candidate Engine for Concorde

Advances in each component of a low bypass ratio turbofan were considered to improve the performance for Concorde’s mission. The bypass fan will feature a multi-stage design intended to increase pressure ratio and exit velocity of the bypass air to speeds exceeding cruising speed. The multi-stage fan will allow a variable bypass design to be utilized for optimization in different flight regimes. Preliminary research suggests that using a bypass ratio of around 1.0 will be feasible to implement in the design. The exit nozzle will be a variable converging-diverging nozzle to allow for necessary mass flow at different velocities, which is now an industry standard. Compressors of the past have been high in weight with limited pressure ratios, but by using new technologies currently available and new materials proposed to be available, compressors can be lighter and have higher-pressure ratios per stage. Using a bladed disk (or blisk) alone can lead to a weight savings up to 30% and new materials have been proven to have higher operating temperatures, allowing for higher efficiency and thrust for the entire system. New research has proposed a redesign of the burner-turbine system which would reduce the turbine inlet temperatures as well as increase efficiency and thrust. This new system is the Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) which adds a second combustion chamber in between the high and low-pressure turbine stages. The effect of an ITB is to burn the fuel from the first burner and use all the remaining oxygen in the system. The ITB system eliminates the need for cooling channels in the turbine blades, which subsequently eliminates the need for a cooling system and bleed valves. This reduces the high complexity and weight of turbines while simultaneously reducing the cost of manufacturing traditional blades. Traditional blades are made of superalloys that are manufactured by casting a one direction crystal structure in the metal. New methods for manufacturing blades have been proposed, consisting of using additive manufacturing and advancements in composite materials. Using composites and additive manufacturing, turbine blades can be made with a high tolerance to temperature, which will decrease the TSFC as well as cost. These systems were tested using parametric cycle analysis implemented in MATLAB, VuCalc, GasTurb13, and AxSTREAM to effectively compare their impact on the entire engine and gauge whether any combination of the new component technologies will be ready for a 2028 entry-into-service date. This analysis is a precursor to a different AIAA design competition with the purpose of designing engines to replace those on the Concorde aircraft. The results of this engine will be compared to Concorde’s original Olympus 593 engines to determine if better performance was achieved