167 research outputs found
DÄlat gender
CĂlem tohoto ÄlĂĄnku je rozvinout novĂ© chĂĄpĂĄnĂ genderu jako rutinnĂho vĂœkonu zakotvenĂ©ho v kaĆŸdodennĂch interakcĂch. ÄinĂme tak kritickĂœm zhodnocenĂm stĂĄvajĂcĂch pohledĆŻ na pohlavĂ a gender a zavedenĂm dĆŻleĆŸitĂ©ho rozliĆĄenĂ mezi pohlavĂm, pohlavnĂ kategoriĂ a genderem. HlavnĂm argumentem ÄlĂĄnku je tvrzenĂ, ĆŸe uznĂĄnĂ analytickĂ© nezĂĄvislosti tÄchto konceptĆŻ je zĂĄsadnĂm krokem pro porozumÄnĂ interakÄnĂmu fungovĂĄnĂ faktu bytĂ genderovanou osobou ve spoleÄnosti. JĂĄdro naĆĄich poznĂĄmek mĂĆĂ k teoretickĂ© rekonceptualizaci, ale zvaĆŸujeme rovnÄĆŸ plodnĂ© smÄry, jimiĆŸ se na zĂĄkladÄ zmĂnÄnĂ© reformulace mĆŻĆŸe ubĂrat empirickĂœ vĂœzkum
Seeing red over black and white: popular and media representations of inter-racial relationships as precursors to racial violence
The recent murder in the UK of Anthony Walker attests to the lingering antipathy, indeed hostility, toward intimate inter-racial relationships, especially those involving black men and white women. Seventeen year-old Walker was brutally beaten then fatally assaulted with an axe to his head - the 'provocation' for the attack was this young black manâs relationship with his white girl friend. This paper assesses the historical and contemporary images and mythologies that continue to stigmatize inter-racial relationships. Specifically, we look at the representations disseminated through varied popular media forms. The paper suggests that these mediated constructs condition an environment that facilitates, if not encourages, violence against those in inter-racial relationships
GeschlechterreprÀsentationen in den Medien
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A new version of the HBSC Family Affluence Scale - FAS III: Scottish qualitative findings from the International FAS Development Study
A critical review of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) concluded that FAS II was no longer discriminatory within very rich or very poor countries, where a very high or a very low proportion of children were categorised as high FAS or low FAS respectively (Currie et al. 2008). The review concluded that a new version of FAS - FAS III - should be developed to take into account current trends in family consumption patterns across the European region, the US and Canada. In 2012, the FAS Development and Validation Study was conducted in eight countries - Denmark, Greenland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Scotland. This paper describes the Scottish qualitative findings from this study. The Scottish qualitative fieldwork comprising cognitive interviews and focus groups sampled from 11, 13 and 15Â year-old participants from 18 of the most- and least- economically deprived schools. These qualitative results were used to inform the final FAS III recommendations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
IÎșBÎČ acts to inhibit and activate gene expression during the inflammatory response
The activation of pro-inflammatory gene programs by nuclear factor-ÎșB (NF-ÎșB) is primarily regulated through cytoplasmic sequestration of NF-ÎșB by the inhibitor of ÎșB (IÎșB) family of proteins1. IÎșBÎČ, a major isoform of IÎșB, can sequester NF-ÎșB in the cytoplasm2, although its biological role remains unclear. Although cells lacking IÎșBÎČ have been reported3, 4, in vivo studies have been limited and suggested redundancy between IÎșBα and IÎșBÎČ5. Like IÎșBα, IÎșBÎČ is also inducibly degraded; however, upon stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), it is degraded slowly and re-synthesized as a hypophosphorylated form that can be detected in the nucleus6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. The crystal structure of IÎșBÎČ bound to p65 suggested this complex might bind DNA12. In vitro, hypophosphorylated IÎșBÎČ can bind DNA with p65 and c-Rel, and the DNA-bound NF-ÎșB:IÎșBÎČ complexes are resistant to IÎșBα, suggesting hypophosphorylated, nuclear IÎșBÎČ may prolong the expression of certain genes9, 10, 11. Here we report that in vivo IÎșBÎČ serves both to inhibit and facilitate the inflammatory response. IÎșBÎČ degradation releases NF-ÎșB dimers which upregulate pro-inflammatory target genes such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Surprisingly, absence of IÎșBÎČ results in a dramatic reduction of TNF-α in response to LPS even though activation of NF-ÎșB is normal. The inhibition of TNF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression correlates with the absence of nuclear, hypophosphorylated-IÎșBÎČ bound to p65:c-Rel heterodimers at a specific ÎșB site on the TNF-α promoter. Therefore IÎșBÎČ acts through p65:c-Rel dimers to maintain prolonged expression of TNF-α. As a result, IÎșBÎČ^(â/â) mice are resistant to LPS-induced septic shock and collagen-induced arthritis. Blocking IÎșBÎČ might be a promising new strategy for selectively inhibiting the chronic phase of TNF-α production during the inflammatory response
Bacterial Delivery of Nuclear Proteins into Pluripotent and Differentiated Cells
Numerous Gram negative pathogens possess a type III secretion system (T3SS) which allows them to inject virulent proteins directly into the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm. Injection of these proteins is dependent on a variable secretion signal sequence. In this study, we utilized the N-terminal secretion signal sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin ExoS to translocate Cre recombinase containing a nuclear localization sequence (Cre-NLS). Transient exposure of human sarcoma cell line, containing Cre-dependent lacZ reporter, resulted in efficient recombination in the host chromosome, indicating that the bacterially delivered protein was not only efficiently localized to the nucleus but also retained its biological function. Using this system, we also illustrate the ability of P. aeruginosa to infect mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and the susceptibility of these cells to bacterially delivered Cre-NLS. A single two-hour infection caused as high as 30% of the mESC reporter cells to undergo loxP mediated chromosomal DNA recombination. A simple antibiotic treatment completely eliminated the bacterial cells following the delivery, while the use of an engineered mutant strain greatly reduced cytotoxicity. Utility of the system was demonstrated by delivery of the Cre-NLS to induced pluripotent stem cells to excise the floxed oncogenic nuclear reprogramming cassette. These results validate the use of T3SS for the delivery of transcription factors for the purpose of cellular reprogramming
National Income and Income Inequality, Family Affluence and Life Satisfaction Among 13Â year Old Boys and Girls: A Multilevel Study in 35 Countries
Adolescence is a critical period where many patterns of health and health behaviour are formed. The objective of this study was to investigate cross-national variation in the relationship between family affluence and adolescent life satisfaction, and the impact of national income and income inequality on this relationship. Data from the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: WHO collaborative Study (NÂ =Â 58,352 across 35 countries) were analysed using multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses for outcome measures life satisfaction score and binary high/low life satisfaction. National income and income inequality were associated with aggregated life satisfaction score and prevalence of high life satisfaction. Within-country socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction existed even after adjustment for family structure. This relationship was curvilinear and varied cross-nationally. Socioeconomic inequalities were greatest in poor countries and in countries with unequal income distribution. GDP (PPP US$) and Gini did not explain between country variance in socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction. The existence of, and variation in, within-country socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent life satisfaction highlights the importance of identifying and addressing mediating factors during this life stage
âAt âAmen Mealsâ Itâs Me and Godâ Religion and Gender: A New Jewish Womenâs Ritual
New ritual practices performed by Jewish women can serve as test cases for an examination of the phenomenon of the creation of religious rituals by women. These food-related rituals, which have been termed ââamen mealsââ were developed in Israel beginning in the year 2000 and subsequently spread to Jewish women in Europe and the United States. This study employs a qualitative-ethnographic methodology grounded in participant-observation and in-depth interviews to describe these nonobligatory, extra-halakhic rituals. What makes these rituals stand out is the womenâs sense that through these rituals they experience a direct con- nection to God and, thus, can change reality, i.e., bring about jobs, marriages, children, health, and salvation for friends and loved ones. The ââamenââ rituals also create an open, inclusive womanâs space imbued with strong spiritualâemotional energies that counter the womenâs religious marginality. Finally, the purposes and functions of these rituals, including identity building and displays of cultural capital, are considered within a theoretical framework that views ââdoing genderââ and ââdoing religionââ as an integrated experience
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