Digestibility and gastrointestinal transit of Ulva fasciata seaweed meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles: basis for the inclusion of a sustainable ingredient in aquafeeds

The seaweed Ulva fasciata has many features favorable to integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). It is efficient at biofiltering, shows high biomass production, and is rich in many nutrients useful in aquatic animal diets. We evaluated the digestibility of the seaweed meal of U. fasciata produced in IMTA and its effects on gastrointestinal transit time in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Juveniles (6.30 ± 1.80 g initial weight, and 5.5 ± 0.61 cm initial length) were cultivated in six tanks (50 individuals per tank) in a closed recirculating aquaculture system. The digestibility of Ulva meal was 57.92 ± 5.21% for dry material, 78.59 ± 1.91% for protein, and 69.87 ± 3.72% for energy. The inclusion of 10% seaweed meal did not alter the gastrointestinal transit time in tilapia juveniles as compared to controls. The earliest colored feces were observed four hours after first feeding in both treatments (feed diets with [10%] and without seaweed); all fecal material was colored after ten hours. The digestibility of seaweed meal was satisfactory for dry material, protein, and gross energy, and the inclusion of 10% of that meal did not change gastrointestinal transit time - indicating that the inclusion of 10% seaweed meal in tilapia diet is safe and without any nutritional use losses

Production strategy influence on the economic viability of a family fish farm in Pará state, Amazon, Brazil

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the adoption of single-phase and two-phase system on the economic feasibility of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) family production in the Tracuateua municipality, Pará state. The operational cost methodology and economic efficiency indicators were adopted to compare these rearing systems. The annual production was 4,200 kg and 5,826 kg. The operational costs were R$26,169.00 and R$ 34,365.00, the total operational cost was R$27,505 and R$ 35,701.00, and the total operational cost per kg was R$6.55 and R$ 6.13 for single-phase and two-phase systems, respectively. Regarding the indicators, the net present value was R$24,180.70, the internal rate of return was 24$ 48,582.06, the internal rate of return was 29%, the cost-benefit ratio was 1.25, and the capital return period was 3.6 years. Despite the demand for greater investment, the two-phase system proved to be more profitable than the single-phase system, promoting even a reduction in unit production cost

MORFOMETRIA CORPORAL, RENDIMENTO DE CORTES E COMPOSIÇÃO CENTESIMAL DO FILÉ DA PESCADA GÓ

The king weakfish Macrodon ancylodon is a marine species, Sciaenidae family, with economic importance due to the wide distribution and market acceptation. Thus, the aim of study was to evaluate body morphometric relationships, yield and centesimal composition of king weakfish fillet. Therefore, 60 fish were organized in four weight class (T1=100-200g, T2=201-300g, T3=301-400g e T4=401-500g). Body weights and measures were measured for subsequent analyzes of the morphometric relationships, the yields and the centesimal composition of the fillets. Results were submitted to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) post hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). There is statistical difference on morphometric relationships with the better results for T3 and T4 fish class. Still, for T3 class was observed the largest fillet yield without skin (42.90%) and smallest skin yield (8.36%). The protein levels for all weight classes had an inversional value when compared to the lipid values, showing numbers above 19%. For these reasons, the king weakfish show excellent nutritional quality being fish above 300g has better yield and morphometric relationships.Keywords: Macrodon ancylodon; fillet cuts; fishing technology; nutritional value.A pescada gó (Macrodon ancylodon), é uma espécie marinha, da família Sciaenidae, economicamente importante, devido a sua ampla distribuição e grande aceitação no mercado. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as relações morfométricas corporais, os rendimentos de cortes e a composição centesimal do filé da pescada gó. 60 exemplares foram distribuídos em quatro classes de peso, (T1=100-200g, T2=201-300g, T3=301-400g e T4=401-500g). Pesos e medidas corporais foram aferidos para subsequentes análises das relações morfométricas, os rendimentos e composição centesimal dos filés. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste Tukey (P<0,05). Houve diferenças significativas nas relações morfométricas, sendo os peixes das classes T3 e T4, apresentaram os melhores resultados. Em relação aos rendimentos dos cortes, os peixes da classe T3 foram os que demonstraram o maior rendimento de filé sem pele (42,90%) e o menor rendimento de pele (8,36%). O teor de proteína avaliado nos filés dos peixes das quatro classes de peso foi inversamente proporcional aos valores de lipídios, com valor superior a 19% de proteína bruta. Os resultados indicam que a pescada gó apresenta excelente qualidade nutricional e que peixes acima de 300g apresentam melhores relações morfométricas e rendimentos.Palavras-chave: Macrodon ancylodon, cortes de filé, tecnologia do pescado, valor nutricional

Grau de adesão ao tratamento com anti-retrovirais entre indivíduos HIV positivos atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria

This qualitative study evaluated, during six months, the adherence to antiretroviral therapy among 898 patients who were more than 15 years old and have received the medications to the control of the infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) pharmacy. The age of the participants was between 30 and 49 years old, being 517 male (58%) and 381 (42%) female. The majority of the patients (72%) showed a good level of adherence. Only 7% of the individuals abandoned the treatment. One concludes that it is needed a constant monitoring for keeping adequate adhesion to the treatment for a long time. The pharmaceutical and clinical attention in the accompaniment and treatment of the infection by the HIV had increased the expectation and improved the quality of life of the evaluated individuals.Este estudo qualitativo avaliou, por um período de seis meses, o grau de adesão a terapia anti-retroviral, entre 898 indivíduos maiores de 15 anos, que recebem medicamentos para o controle da infecção pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), junto a farmácia de doenças infectocontagiosas, no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM).  A faixa etária mais prevalente da população estudada foi a de 30 - 49 anos, sendo 517 do sexo masculino (58%) e 381 do sexo feminino (42%). A maioria dos pacientes (72%) apresentou bom nível de adesão. Apenas 7% dos indivíduos abandonaram o tratamento. Conclui-se que manter uma adequada adesão ao tratamento por longo prazo, é um trabalho que necessita constante vigilância. A atenção farmacêutica e clínica no acompanhamento e tratamento da infecção pelo HIV aumentaram a expectativa e melhorou a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos avaliados

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio