Stereotypic Behavior in Horses: Weaving, Stall Walking and Cribbing

Many stabled horses perform a variety of repetitive behaviors such as weaving, stall walking, cribbing, headshaking and pawing. These behaviors have been called many different names including stereotypic behavior, stereotypies, stereotypes, obsessive compulsive disorders, vices and habits. Although it may be difficult to know why exactly each horse performs these vices, there may be specific causal factors for these activities in the horse. These behaviors are not simply learned and not simply inherited, but may be a mixture of both. Studies show that some families of horses have a higher prevalence of certain vices, which suggests heritability and genetic components. However, the tendency to perform the behavior only becomes apparent when other risk factors are also in place

Structural Analysis of the Formal and Informal Jobs in the Brazilian Economy

The reorganization of the Brazilian economy, in the globalization process, has brought out changes in its productive structure, and, consequently, changes in the job market. These changes had impact on the employment at the sectoral level, with great concerns related to the labor relations and to the growing unemployment rates. In the 1990s, the change in the focus of the development strategy, from a closed protected economy to an open economy with monetary control, has originated deep changes in the labor market. The number of employed persons in the primary and secondary sector was reduced, while in the tertiary sector there was an increase in the number of jobs, but not enough to absorb all the employees released from the previous two sectors. Besides the reduction in the capability of the economy to create new jobs, the last decade of the previous century has also showed an increase in the number of informal jobs. The share of informal jobs in the Brazilian economy was around 52% in 2003. In this way, the question of employment generated by the economic sectors, in number and quality, has become a crucial issue. The goal of this work is to study the characteristics and the evolution of the occupied persons, and to relate it with the formal and informal job market, as well as the economy productive structure, using for that input-output matrices constructed for the Brazilian economy. The main results show that there was a reduction in the capacity of the economy to generate employment for every million of Reais produced in a given sector. The data also shows that despite the ratio of informal workers in the economy being superior to the workers in the formality, the formal sector was responsible for about 60% of the jobs generated in the period of analysis.

Employment and familiar agriculture agribusiness in the Brazilian economy: an interregional Leontief-Miyazawa model approach

The agricultural sector has great importance in the socio-economic development. Its development throughout history has enabled the emergence of other activities and therefore new jobs. Furthermore, the importance of the agribusiness can be evidence for its share of about 30% in the total Brazilian GDP and its importance in generating jobs. To study this sector in more detail, the agricultural sector was broken down into two sectors: Familiar and Non-Familiar Agriculture Agribusiness. The goal of this paper is to study how the productive structure and the income distribution in the Brazilian economy have had an impact over employment generation and income sectors in the Familiar and Non-Familiar Agriculture Agribusiness in 2002. This paper uses as a theoretical basis the Leontief-Miyazawa approach considering the differences between sectors and the 27 Brazilian statesEmployment, Leontief-Miyazawa, familiar and agribusiness agriculture

The impact of the smoke free law on the number of car crashes related with alcohol consumption

I study the effects of the changes on the tobacco control laws in the United States on the number of car crashes related with alcohol consumption. Understanding how these law changes affected the number of fatalities involving an alcohol-impaired driver can shed light on the link between alcohol and tobacco .I explore the timing of adoption in different states in a difference-in-differences framework to identify the results. I observe a significant decrease in alcohol related accidents two years after anti-tobacco policies, however this reduction seems not be associated with the smoke free laws in bars and restaurants because I also observe the same consequence in the number of car crashes not related with alcohol consumption. Thus, there is a reduction on the overall total car crashes after the application of the smoke free laws but it is not an unintended consequence due to the relationship between drinking and smoking

National input-output table of Brazil

This paper reports on the basic information about the Brazilian input-output tables. First part presents the history of constructing I-O tables in Brazil, starting from the non-official table of 1959. The second part illustrates some basic features of the last table with the reference year of 2005. It also articulates the issues concerning the integration of the table into 2005 BRICS International Input-Output Table.Brazil; Input-Output; Tables

Los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales en periodo de posconflicto: un reto por cumplir

El presente capítulo se enfocará en los denominados derechos humanos de segunda generación, es decir, los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales (DESCA), y en cómo, desde la responsabilidad compartida por Estado, sociedad civil y empresa privada, se debería llegar a propender a un mejor cumplimiento de estos. Con este propósito, el capítulo se dividirá en los siguientes ejes temáticos: a) los desafíos a lo largo del posconflicto en relación con los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales en Colombia; b) la integración pluridisciplinar como herramienta en la construcción de paz (casos Sudáfrica, Guatemala, El Salvador e Irlanda del Norte); c) las contribuciones desde el sector privado al caso de Colombia; d) los riesgos inminentes.Capítulo de libro que expone resultados de investigación del proyecto titulado Desafíos contemporáneos para la protección de derechos humanos en escenarios de posconflicto desde enfoques interdisciplinarios, que forma parte de la línea de investigación Fundamentación e Implementación de los Derechos Humanos, del grupo de investigación Persona, Instituciones y Exigencias de Justicia, reconocido y categorizado como tipo A1 por Colciencias y registrado con el código COL0120899, vinculado al Centro de Investigaciones Socio-Jurídicas (CISJUC), adscrito y financiado por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Colombia.Introducción Desafíos en el posconflicto en clave de DESCA, caso Colombia Integración pluridisciplinar como herramientas en la construcción de paz Sudáfrica y la educación Guatemala, las libertades políticas, la incidencia de género y la incapacidad institucional El Salvador: la protección y asistencia a la familia Irlanda del Norte y el respeto por la pluriculturalidad Contribuciones desde el sector privado para el caso Colombia Los riesgos inminentes Conclusione

Pequenos consumidores: um estudo do comportamento infantil frente à propaganda televisiva em canais por assinatura

Nos últimos anos a criança brasileira tornou-se consumidora digna de estudo e marketing especializado devido a sua enorme presença no mercado. Presença esta que ocorre não somente como consumidor direto porém como grande influência de compra. Este estudo visa analisar o comportamento decorrente de tal mudança e explorar o papel da propaganda televisiva neste processo

Specialized Educational Service: mishaps and challenges

inclusive education is still a controversial, non-consensual issue that generates doubts and insecurities for educators. In this sense, this article aims to reflect on the educational reality found by this public, and present the work done by the NAPNE (Center for Assistance to People with Specific Educational Needs) of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul Regarding the methodology used, this is a qualitative research, with a theoretical nature, through a literature review of the current legislation and the IFRS Institutional Pedagogical Project

As casas e as personagens femininas na ficção de Agustina Bessa-Luís

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma breve análise de alguns romances de Agustina Bessa-Luís sob uma perspectiva: o modo como as personagens femininas relacionam-se com o espaço, principalmente o espaço da casa. Segundo o nosso estudo, a casa, na literatura da autora, é elemento fundamental para entendermos as identidades de suas figuras ficcionais femininas