El paradigma de redes : (des)- emplazamientos post-modernos

Esta comunicación propone un Paradigma de Redes como nuevo principio de comprensión ontológica, epistemológica, ético-política y estética del modelo social surgido de la crisis terminal de la modernidad. Como nueva Filosofía de la Relación este Paradigma representa una nueva forma hermenéutica de estar-en-el-mundo, toda una forma de existencia interpretante, que ha de servir para la exploración de nuevas formas de interacción consigo mismo, con los demás y el mundo desde los efectos mundializadores producidos por la intensificación creciente de los nuevos flujos tecnológicos. Del mismo modo, como forma de conocimiento, de manera autorreflexiva, este Paradigma debe convertirse en un nuevo compromiso autocrítico ante el déficit de diagnóstico social que supone la quiebra postmoderna. Ha de ser un instrumento fundamental de conceptualización de la nueva experiencia económicosocial, política y cultural que comporta en sí mismo

Mathematical analysis of a low cost mechanical ventilator respiratory dynamics enhanced by a sensor transducer (st) based in nanostructures of anodic aluminium oxide (aao)

Mechanical ventilation systems require a device for measuring the air flow provided to a patient in order to monitor and ensure the correct quantity of air proportionated to the patient, this device is the air flow sensor. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, flow sensors were not available in Peru because of the international supply shortage. In this context, a novel air flow sensor based on an orifice plate and an intelligent transducer was developed to form an integrated device. The proposed design was focused on simple manufacturing requirements for mass production in a developing country. CAD and CAE techniques were used in the design stage, and a mathematical model of the device was proposed and calibrated experimentally for the measured data transduction. The device was tested in its real working conditions and was therefore implemented in a breathing circuit connected to a low-cost mechanical ventilation system. Results indicate that the designed air flow sensor/transducer is a low-cost complete medical device for mechanical ventilators that is able to provide all the ventilation parameters by an equivalent electrical signal to directly display the following factors: air flow, pressure and volume over time. The evaluation of the designed sensor transducer was performed according to sundry transducer parameters such as geometrical parameters, material parameters and adaptive coefficients in the main transduction algorithm; in effect, the variety of the described results were achieved by the faster response time and robustness proportionated by transducers of nanostructures based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), which enhanced the designed sensor/transducer (ST) during operation in intricate geographic places, such as the Andes mountains of Peru

Clima, variabilidad y cambio climático en la Vertiente Caribe de Costa Rica: Un estudio básico para la actividad bananera

informe de investigación -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas, 2013. Forma de citar el trabajo: Amador, J. A., E. J. Alfaro, H. G. Hidalgo, F. J. Soley, F. Solano, J. L. Vargas, F. Sáenz, B. Calderón, P. M. Pérez, J. J. Vargas, R. Díaz, A. Goebel, A. Montero, J. L. Rodríguez, A. Salazar, P. Ureña, N. Mora, I. Rivera, C. Vega y C. Bojorge, 2013. Clima, variabilidad y cambio climático en la Vertiente Caribe de Costa Rica: Un estudio básico para la actividad bananera. Informe Final del Proyecto VI-805-B0-402. Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica y Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA), Setiembre 2013, 225 pp.Este Informe Final (IF) describe en forma sintética, los alcances y productos del proyecto “Clima, variabilidad y cambio climático en la Vertiente Caribe de Costa Rica: Un estudio básico para la actividad bananera”, en relación con el cumplimiento, por parte del Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), de las Especificaciones y Requisitos Técnicos (ERT) de la investigación contratada con la Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA). Los ERT de CORBANA (ERTC) están contenidos en la Parte 7 de la Propuesta Original entregada a la Corporación en octubre de 2010. Los detalles de los productos son discutidos en las diferentes secciones del IF. En este sentido, se examinaron la Estructura y Funcionalidad de la Base de Datos (BANACLIMA) y la Red de Estaciones de la Corporación. Se destaca, entre otras cosas, la implementación, en colaboración con CORBANA, de una torre de observación meteorológica en Siquirres (CIGEFI_et) con instrumental de precipitación, temperatura, viento y humedad, instalado a 10, 20 y 30 m de altura, con complemento de presión, temperatura y humedad (del suelo) en superficie. Se generaron y entregaron, tanto en formato JPEG o similar y en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) productos de climatología regional derivados de la información de BANACLIMA y de bases de datos regionales. Los productos entregados en el SIG facilitan el uso aplicado de la información. Este proceso contempló la familiarización de personal con los productos generados y no formaba parte de los ERTC. Se entregan clasificaciones climáticas basadas en los métodos de Thornthwaite y Hargreaves, con amplias discusiones sobre su aplicación y limitaciones. Las climatologías generadas con base al modelo MM5 incluyen aspectos de variabilidad que toma en cuenta los modos globales de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS), la Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico (OMDA), ambos basados en índices de la temperatura superficial del océano como predictor de la variabilidad atmosférica regional. Se analizaron datos atmosféricos regionales para obtener indicativos del cambio climático observado para varias variables troposféricas, entre ellas temperatura superficial y precipitación. Un tema investigado en este proyecto y no contemplado tampoco en las ERTC, es la inclusión de algunas proyecciones futuras sobre el cambio climático en la región de interés, basado en resultados de modelos de circulación general (conocidos como 20c3m runs) para el Informe de 2010 del Panel Inter-Gubernamental para el Cambio Climático. Otro aspecto, no contemplado en las ERTC, es la recolección de importantes datos históricos sobre meteorología y el desarrollo institucional de la Corporación. Sobre este tema, el CIGEFI espera continuar investigando por su parte y de darse las condiciones de acceso requeridas, dotar en un futuro a CORBANA de un documento más completo sobre su historia y el desarrollo en la actividad bananera nacional. Personal de CORBANA participó en Mini-congresos, talleres y presentaciones del CIGEFI en relación con los temas e investigaciones realizadas para el proyecto. Personal del Centro participó en Congresos Bananeros, talleres y seminarios dando a conocer los resultados del proyecto con CORBANA. Un importante grupo de artículos han sido publicados, otros están en proceso, todos ellos mostrando los productos y resultados de la investigación. Con respecto a los diferentes aspectos que tiene que ver con las ERTC, se incorporaron recomendaciones específicas, en el Informe Primero (IP), de setiembre de 2011, en el Informe Segundo (IS), de mayo de 2012 y en el presente IF. En este IF se incorporan figuras o tablas que aparecen en el IP o en el IS, sin embargo, éstas fueron, en general, mejoradas tanto por el uso de información complementaria, cambio o mejoramiento del método de trabajo o para incorporar un periodo más extenso de datos.Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA). Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR).UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

State of the climate in 2018

In 2018, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—continued their increase. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface was 407.4 ± 0.1 ppm, the highest in the modern instrumental record and in ice core records dating back 800 000 years. Combined, greenhouse gases and several halogenated gases contribute just over 3 W m−2 to radiative forcing and represent a nearly 43% increase since 1990. Carbon dioxide is responsible for about 65% of this radiative forcing. With a weak La Niña in early 2018 transitioning to a weak El Niño by the year’s end, the global surface (land and ocean) temperature was the fourth highest on record, with only 2015 through 2017 being warmer. Several European countries reported record high annual temperatures. There were also more high, and fewer low, temperature extremes than in nearly all of the 68-year extremes record. Madagascar recorded a record daily temperature of 40.5°C in Morondava in March, while South Korea set its record high of 41.0°C in August in Hongcheon. Nawabshah, Pakistan, recorded its highest temperature of 50.2°C, which may be a new daily world record for April. Globally, the annual lower troposphere temperature was third to seventh highest, depending on the dataset analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was approximately fifth lowest. The 2018 Arctic land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying for third highest in the 118-year record, following 2016 and 2017. June’s Arctic snow cover extent was almost half of what it was 35 years ago. Across Greenland, however, regional summer temperatures were generally below or near average. Additionally, a satellite survey of 47 glaciers in Greenland indicated a net increase in area for the first time since records began in 1999. Increasing permafrost temperatures were reported at most observation sites in the Arctic, with the overall increase of 0.1°–0.2°C between 2017 and 2018 being comparable to the highest rate of warming ever observed in the region. On 17 March, Arctic sea ice extent marked the second smallest annual maximum in the 38-year record, larger than only 2017. The minimum extent in 2018 was reached on 19 September and again on 23 September, tying 2008 and 2010 for the sixth lowest extent on record. The 23 September date tied 1997 as the latest sea ice minimum date on record. First-year ice now dominates the ice cover, comprising 77% of the March 2018 ice pack compared to 55% during the 1980s. Because thinner, younger ice is more vulnerable to melting out in summer, this shift in sea ice age has contributed to the decreasing trend in minimum ice extent. Regionally, Bering Sea ice extent was at record lows for almost the entire 2017/18 ice season. For the Antarctic continent as a whole, 2018 was warmer than average. On the highest points of the Antarctic Plateau, the automatic weather station Relay (74°S) broke or tied six monthly temperature records throughout the year, with August breaking its record by nearly 8°C. However, cool conditions in the western Bellingshausen Sea and Amundsen Sea sector contributed to a low melt season overall for 2017/18. High SSTs contributed to low summer sea ice extent in the Ross and Weddell Seas in 2018, underpinning the second lowest Antarctic summer minimum sea ice extent on record. Despite conducive conditions for its formation, the ozone hole at its maximum extent in September was near the 2000–18 mean, likely due to an ongoing slow decline in stratospheric chlorine monoxide concentration. Across the oceans, globally averaged SST decreased slightly since the record El Niño year of 2016 but was still far above the climatological mean. On average, SST is increasing at a rate of 0.10° ± 0.01°C decade−1 since 1950. The warming appeared largest in the tropical Indian Ocean and smallest in the North Pacific. The deeper ocean continues to warm year after year. For the seventh consecutive year, global annual mean sea level became the highest in the 26-year record, rising to 81 mm above the 1993 average. As anticipated in a warming climate, the hydrological cycle over the ocean is accelerating: dry regions are becoming drier and wet regions rainier. Closer to the equator, 95 named tropical storms were observed during 2018, well above the 1981–2010 average of 82. Eleven tropical cyclones reached Saffir–Simpson scale Category 5 intensity. North Atlantic Major Hurricane Michael’s landfall intensity of 140 kt was the fourth strongest for any continental U.S. hurricane landfall in the 168-year record. Michael caused more than 30 fatalities and $25 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages. In the western North Pacific, Super Typhoon Mangkhut led to 160 fatalities and$6 billion (U.S. dollars) in damages across the Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Son-Tinh was responsible for 170 fatalities in Vietnam and Laos. Nearly all the islands of Micronesia experienced at least moderate impacts from various tropical cyclones. Across land, many areas around the globe received copious precipitation, notable at different time scales. Rodrigues and Réunion Island near southern Africa each reported their third wettest year on record. In Hawaii, 1262 mm precipitation at Waipā Gardens (Kauai) on 14–15 April set a new U.S. record for 24-h precipitation. In Brazil, the city of Belo Horizonte received nearly 75 mm of rain in just 20 minutes, nearly half its monthly average. Globally, fire activity during 2018 was the lowest since the start of the record in 1997, with a combined burned area of about 500 million hectares. This reinforced the long-term downward trend in fire emissions driven by changes in land use in frequently burning savannas. However, wildfires burned 3.5 million hectares across the United States, well above the 2000–10 average of 2.7 million hectares. Combined, U.S. wildfire damages for the 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons exceeded $40 billion (U.S. dollars)

Predicting the next pandemic: VACCELERATE ranking of the World Health Organization's Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO)'s Research and Development (R&D) Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, a plan of action, highlighted several infectious diseases as crucial targets for prevention. These infections were selected based on a thorough assessment of factors such as transmissibility, infectivity, severity, and evolutionary potential. In line with this blueprint, the VACCELERATE Site Network approached infectious disease experts to rank the diseases listed in the WHO R&D Blueprint according to their perceived risk of triggering a pandemic. VACCELERATE is an EU-funded collaborative European network of clinical trial sites, established to respond to emerging pandemics and enhance vaccine development capabilities. Methods: Between February and June 2023, a survey was conducted using an online form to collect data from members of the VACCELERATE Site Network and infectious disease experts worldwide. Participants were asked to rank various pathogens based on their perceived risk of causing a pandemic, including those listed in the WHO R&D Blueprint and additional pathogens. Results: A total of 187 responses were obtained from infectious disease experts representing 57 countries, with Germany, Spain, and Italy providing the highest number of replies. Influenza viruses received the highest rankings among the pathogens, with 79 % of participants including them in their top rankings. Disease X, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Ebola virus were also ranked highly. Hantavirus, Lassa virus, Nipah virus, and henipavirus were among the bottom-ranked pathogens in terms of pandemic potential. Conclusion: Influenza, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Ebola virus were found to be the most concerning pathogens with pandemic potential, characterised by transmissibility through respiratory droplets and a reported history of epidemic or pandemic outbreaks

Sello RIME de calidad de la función orientadora. Poniendo en valor la acción tutorial

Resumen basado en el de los autoresUniversidad de ExtremaduraEn cualquier entorno laboral se deben reconocer y valorar aquellos aspectos de un individuo que hacen que su rendimiento a nivel competencial sea mejorado. Son tan necesarios esta evaluación y reconocimiento posterior que, sin ellos, no habrá una adecuada y verdadera inserción del empleado en la organización. En este sentido, por ejemplo, la adecuada labor de orientación que otras personas ya dentro de la organización puedan realizar se antoja imprescindible para la correcta inserción de nuevos empleados. Esto ha llevado a generar numerosos estudios acerca de las competencias que un buen orientador debe desarrollar, pero… ¿tenemos seguridad después de que se realiza correctamente esta función orientadora? Por ejemplo, y desde el entorno de las universidades, ¿se reconoce y premia al buen mentor/orientador? ¿Debe existir una única figura que realice todas las acciones orientativas? ¿Quién y cómo debe acreditar/certificar esta labor? Se muestran, desde las necesidades que motivan la orientación, hasta qué puede hacerse para que esta función no quede sepultada ante una desvalorización injustificada, impulsando así el necesario debate con el que encontrar respuestas a todas las incógnitas que se nos puedan plantear.ES