Clasificación de enfermedades de la yuca subsahariana mediante Aprendizaje Automático

[ES] El objetivo principal del siguiente proyecto es la implementación de un algoritmo capaz de detectar enfermedades de la yuca subsahariana en imágenes de dicha planta mediante técnicas de aprendizaje automático. Para ello se han estudiado diversas técnicas de machine learning, eligiendo Máquinas Vectores Soporte (SVM) con diversas técnicas de extracción de características y Redes Neuronales Convolucionales (CNN). Se han implementado los diferentes clasificadores, variando diferentes parámetros hasta encontrar aquél que se adapte mejor al problema siguiendo un análisis detallado de su error. Posteriormente se ha implementado una aplicación con aquel método que obtiene la mejor clasificación, permitiendo al usuario de forma sencilla la utilización de la misma para obtener de forma rápida y eficaz la solución al problema. Por último, se han estudiado conclusiones y posibles líneas a mejorar del proyecto, tanto del clasificador como de la aplicación desarrollada.[EN] The main objective of the following project is the implementation of an algorithm capable of detecting sub-Saharan cassava diseases in images using machine learning techniques. For this, various machine learning techniques have been studied, choosing Support Vector Machines (SVM) with various feature extraction techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The different classifiers have been implemented, varying different parameters until finding the one that best suits the problem, followed by a detailed analysis of its error. Subsequently, an application has been implemented with the method that obtains the best classification, allowing the user to easily use it to quickly and efficiently obtain the solution to the problem. Finally, conclusions and possible lines to improve the project have been studied, both in the classifier and in the application developed.[CA] L'objectiu principal del següent projecte és la implementació d'un algorisme capaç de detectar malalties de la iuca subsahariana en imatges mitjançant tècniques d'aprenentatge automàtic. Per a això s'han estudiat diverses tècniques de machine learning, triant Màquines Vectors Suport (SVM) amb diverses tècniques d'extracció de característiques i Xarxes Neuronals Convolucionals (CNN). S'han implementat els diferents classificadors, variant diferents paràmetres fins a trobar aquell que s'adapte millor al problema seguint una anàlisi detallada del seu error. Posteriorment s'ha implementat una aplicació amb aquell mètode que obté la millor classificació, permetent l'usuari de forma senzilla la utilització de la mateixa per obtenir de forma ràpida i eficaç la solució al problema. Finalment, s'han estudiat conclusions i possibles línies a millorar del projecte, tant del classificador com de l'aplicació desenvolupada.Blasco Calafat, A. (2021). Clasificación de enfermedades de la yuca subsahariana mediante Aprendizaje Automático. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171390TFG

Icnología de vertebrados de la facies Buntsandstein de Mallorca

Se describen, por primera vez en Mallorca, hasta cinco tipos diferentes de icnitas y pistas de vertebrados continentales dentro de las facies  cuarzoareniticas y limosas rojas de la facies Buntsandstein del Triásico inferio

Bioavailability of sinking organic matter in the Blanes canyon and the adjacent open slope (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Submarine canyons are sites of intense energy and material exchange between the shelf and the deep adjacent basins. To test the hypothesis that active submarine canyons represent preferential conduits of available food for the deep-sea benthos, two mooring lines were deployed at 1200 m depth from November 2008 to November 2009 inside the Blanes canyon and on the adjacent open slope (Catalan Margin, NW Mediterranean Sea). We investigated the fluxes, biochemical composition and food quality of sinking organic carbon (OC). OC fluxes in the canyon and the open slope varied among sampling periods, though not onsistently in the two sites. In particular, while in the open slope the highest OC fluxes were observed in August 2009, in the canyon the highest OC fluxes occurred in April-May 2009. For almost the entire study period, the OC fluxes in the canyon were significantly higher than those in the open slope, whereas OC contents of sinking particles collected in the open slope were consistently higher than those in the canyon. This result confirms that submarine canyons are effective conveyors of OC to the deep sea. Particles transferred to the deep sea floor through the canyons are predominantly of inorganic origin, significantly higher than that reaching the open slope at a similar water depth. Using multivariate statistical tests, two major clusters of sampling periods were identified: one in the canyon that grouped trap samples collected in December 2008, oncurrently with the occurrence of a major storm at the sea surface, and associated with increased fluxes of nutritionally available particles from the upper shelf. Another cluster grouped samples from both the canyon and the open slope collected in March 2009, concurrently with the occurrence of the seasonal phytoplankton bloom at the sea surface, and associated with increased fluxes of total phytopigments. Our results confirm the key ecological role of submarine canyons for the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems, and highlight the importance of canyons in linking episodic storms and primary production occurring at the sea surface to the deep sea floor

Icnología de vertebrados de las facies Buntsandstein de Mallorca

Se describen, por primera vez en Mallorca, hasta cinco tipos diferentes de icnitas y pistas de vertebrados continentales dentro de las facies cuarzoareniticas y limosas rojas de la facies Buntsandstein del Triásico inferio

Particle sources and downward fluxes in the eastern Fram strait under the influence of the west Spitsbergen current

Accepted manuscript version. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.06.002. Licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.The carbon cycle of the Arctic Ocean is tightly regulated by land–atmosphere–cryosphere–ocean interactions. Characterizing these environmental exchanges and feedbacks is critical to facilitate projections of the carbon cycle under changing climate conditions. The environmental drivers of sinking particles including organic carbon (OC) to the deep-sea floor are investigated with four moorings including sediment traps and currentmeters at the Arctic gateway in the eastern Fram Strait, which is the area where warm anomalies are transported northwards to the Arctic. Particles fluxes were collected over one year (July 2010–July 2011) and have been analysed to obtain the content of the lithogenic fraction, calcium carbonate, OC and its stable isotopes, opal, and the grain size. Records of near bottom current speed and temperature along with satellite observations of sea ice extent and chlorophyll-a concentration have been used for evaluation of the environmental conditions. We found increased lithogenic fluxes (up to 9872 mg m−2 d−1) and coarsening grain size of settling particles in late winter–early spring. At the same time, intensifications of the northward flowing west Spitsbergen current (WSC) were recorded. The WSC was able to resuspend and transport northwards sediments that were deposited at the outlet of Storfjordrenna and on the upper slope west of Spitsbergen. The signal of recurrent winnowing of fine particles was also detected in the top layer of surface sediments. In addition, an increased arrival of sea ice transported ice rafted detritus (>414 detrital carbonate mineral grains larger than 1 mm per m2) from the southern Spitsbergen coast along with terrestrial organic matter was observed beyond 1000 m of water depth during winter months. Finally, the downward particle fluxes showed typical temporal variability of high latitudes, with high percentages of the biogenic compounds (opal, organic carbon and calcium carbonate) linked to the phytoplankton bloom in spring–summer. However, on an annual basis local planktonic production was a secondary source for the downward OC, since most of the OC was advected laterally by the WSC. Overall, these observations demonstrated the sensitivity of the downward flux of particles to environmental conditions such as hydrodynamics, sea ice rafting, and pelagic primary production. Future alteration of the patterns of natural drivers due to climate change is thus expected to cause major shifts in the downward flux of particles, including carbon, to the deep sea ecosystems.</p

Particle sources and downward fluxes in the Eastern Fram Strait under the influence of the West Spitsbergen Current

The carbon cycle of the Arctic Ocean is tightly regulated by land-atmosphere-cryosphere-ocean interactions. Characterizing these environmental exchanges and feedbacks is critical to facilitate projections of the carbon cycle under changing climate conditions. The environmental drivers of sinking particles including organic carbon (OC) to the deep-sea floor are investigated with four moorings including sediment traps and currentmeters at the Arctic gateway in the eastern Fram Strait, which is the area where warm anomalies are transported northwards to the Arctic. Particles fluxes were collected over one year (July 2010-July 2011) and have been analysed to obtain the content of the lithogenic fraction, calcium carbonate, OC and its stable isotopes, opal, and the grain size. Records of near bottom current speed and temperature along with satellite observations of sea ice extent and chlorophyll-a concentration have been used for evaluation of the environmental conditions. We found increased lithogenic fluxes (up to 9872 mg m−2 d−1) and coarsening grain size of settling particles in late winter-early spring. At the same time, intensifications of the northward flowing west Spitsbergen current (WSC) were recorded. The WSC was able to resuspend and transport northwards sediments that were deposited at the outlet of Storfjordrenna and on the upper slope west of Spitsbergen. The signal of recurrent winnowing of fine particles was also detected in the top layer of surface sediments. In addition, an increased arrival of sea ice transported ice rafted detritus (>414 detrital carbonate mineral grains larger than 1 mm per m2) from the southern Spitsbergen coast along with terrestrial organic matter was observed beyond 1000 m of water depth during winter months. Finally, the downward particle fluxes showed typical temporal variability of high latitudes, with high percentages of the biogenic compounds (opal, organic carbon and calcium carbonate) linked to the phytoplankton bloom in spring-summer. However, on an annual basis local planktonic production was a secondary source for the downward OC, since most of the OC was advected laterally by the WSC. Overall, these observations demonstrated the sensitivity of the downward flux of particles to environmental conditions such as hydrodynamics, sea ice rafting, and pelagic primary production. Future alteration of the patterns of natural drivers due to climate change is thus expected to cause major shifts in the downward flux of particles, including carbon, to the deep sea ecosystems

A submarine volcanic eruption leads to a novel microbial habitat

Postprin

mF2C: Towards a coordinated management of the IoT-fof-cloud continuum

Fog computing enables location dependent resource allocation and low latency services, while fostering novel market and business opportunities in the cloud sector. Aligned to this trend, we refer to Fog-tocloud (F2C) computing system as a new pool of resources, set into a layered and hierarchical model, intended to ease the entire fog and cloud resources management and coordination. The H2020 project mF2C aims at designing, developing and testing a first attempt for a real F2C architecture. This document outlines the architecture and main functionalities of the management framework designed in the mF2C project to coordinate the execution of services in the envisioned set of heterogeneous anddistributed resources.Postprint (author's final draft

Book review

Teresa MORENO and Wes GIBBONS (eds.), The Geology of Chile. London: Geological Society, 2007

Antitumor Necrosis Factor Agents to Treat EndoscopicPostoperative Recurrence of Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Study With Propensity-Matched Score Analysis

INTRODUCTION:Patients with Crohn's disease experiencing endoscopic postoperative recurrence (POR) may benefit from antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents but scarce data on this are available. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of anti-TNF in improving mucosal lesions in patients with endoscopic POR.METHODS:Multicenter, retrospective, study of patients with Crohn's disease who underwent therapy with anti-TNF agents for endoscopic POR (Rutgeerts score > i1). Treatment outcomes were assessed by the findings in the last ileocolonoscopy performed after anti-TNF therapy was initiated. Endoscopic improvement and remission were defined as any reduction in the baseline Rutgeerts score and by a Rutgeerts score < i2, respectively.RESULTS:A total of 179 patients were included, 83 were treated with infliximab and 96 with adalimumab. Median time on anti-TNF therapy at the last endoscopic assessment was 31 months (interquartile range, 13-54). Endoscopic improvement was observed in 61%, including 42% who achieved endoscopic remission. Concomitant use of thiopurines and treatment with infliximab were associated with endoscopic improvement (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-4.46; P = 0.03, and OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.18-4.62; P < 0.01, respectively) and endoscopic remission (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.65-6.05; P < 0.01, and OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.05-3.88; P = 0.04, respectively) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. These results were confirmed in a propensity-matched score analysis.DISCUSSION:In patients with endoscopic POR, anti-TNF agents improve mucosal lesions in almost two-thirds of the patients. In this setting, concomitant use of thiopurines and use of infliximab seem to be more effective in improving mucosal lesions.Fiorella Canete received a research grant from the Societat Catalana de Digestologia