613 research outputs found
Automatic generation of multi-precision multi-arithmetic CNN accelerators for FPGAs
Modern deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are computationally
demanding, yet real applications often require high throughput and low latency.
To help tackle these problems, we propose Tomato, a framework designed to
automate the process of generating efficient CNN accelerators. The generated
design is pipelined and each convolution layer uses different arithmetics at
various precisions. Using Tomato, we showcase state-of-the-art multi-precision
multi-arithmetic networks, including MobileNet-V1, running on FPGAs. To our
knowledge, this is the first multi-precision multi-arithmetic auto-generation
framework for CNNs. In software, Tomato fine-tunes pretrained networks to use a
mixture of short powers-of-2 and fixed-point weights with a minimal loss in
classification accuracy. The fine-tuned parameters are combined with the
templated hardware designs to automatically produce efficient inference
circuits in FPGAs. We demonstrate how our approach significantly reduces model
sizes and computation complexities, and permits us to pack a complete ImageNet
network onto a single FPGA without accessing off-chip memories for the first
time. Furthermore, we show how Tomato produces implementations of networks with
various sizes running on single or multiple FPGAs. To the best of our
knowledge, our automatically generated accelerators outperform closest
FPGA-based competitors by at least 2-4x for lantency and throughput; the
generated accelerator runs ImageNet classification at a rate of more than 3000
frames per second.EPSRC Doctoral Scholarship
Peterhouse Graduate Studentshi
Formation of sp³ bonding in nanoindented carbon nanotubes and graphite
Author name used in this publication: C. H. Woo2004-2005 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Estimating the Continuous-Time Dynamics of Energy and Fat Metabolism in Mice
The mouse has become the most popular organism for investigating molecular mechanisms of body weight regulation. But understanding the physiological context by which a molecule exerts its effect on body weight requires knowledge of energy intake, energy expenditure, and fuel selection. Furthermore, measurements of these variables made at an isolated time point cannot explain why body weight has its present value since body weight is determined by the past history of energy and macronutrient imbalance. While food intake and body weight changes can be frequently measured over several weeks (the relevant time scale for mice), correspondingly frequent measurements of energy expenditure and fuel selection are not currently feasible. To address this issue, we developed a mathematical method based on the law of energy conservation that uses the measured time course of body weight and food intake to estimate the underlying continuous-time dynamics of energy output and net fat oxidation. We applied our methodology to male C57BL/6 mice consuming various ad libitum diets during weight gain and loss over several weeks and present the first continuous-time estimates of energy output and net fat oxidation rates underlying the observed body composition changes. We show that transient energy and fat imbalances in the first several days following a diet switch can account for a significant fraction of the total body weight change. We also discovered a time-invariant curve relating body fat and fat-free masses in male C57BL/6 mice, and the shape of this curve determines how diet, fuel selection, and body composition are interrelated
Ecosystem Carbon Stock Influenced by Plantation Practice: Implications for Planting Forests as a Measure of Climate Change Mitigation
Uncertainties remain in the potential of forest plantations to sequestrate carbon (C). We synthesized 86 experimental studies with paired-site design, using a meta-analysis approach, to quantify the differences in ecosystem C pools between plantations and their corresponding adjacent primary and secondary forests (natural forests). Totaled ecosystem C stock in plant and soil pools was 284 Mg C ha−1 in natural forests and decreased by 28% in plantations. In comparison with natural forests, plantations decreased aboveground net primary production, litterfall, and rate of soil respiration by 11, 34, and 32%, respectively. Fine root biomass, soil C concentration, and soil microbial C concentration decreased respectively by 66, 32, and 29% in plantations relative to natural forests. Soil available N, P and K concentrations were lower by 22, 20 and 26%, respectively, in plantations than in natural forests. The general pattern of decreased ecosystem C pools did not change between two different groups in relation to various factors: stand age (<25 years vs. ≥25 years), stand types (broadleaved vs. coniferous and deciduous vs. evergreen), tree species origin (native vs. exotic) of plantations, land-use history (afforestation vs. reforestation) and site preparation for plantations (unburnt vs. burnt), and study regions (tropic vs. temperate). The pattern also held true across geographic regions. Our findings argued against the replacement of natural forests by the plantations as a measure of climate change mitigation
Observation of a ppb mass threshoud enhancement in \psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p}) decay
The decay channel
is studied using a sample of events collected
by the BESIII experiment at BEPCII. A strong enhancement at threshold is
observed in the invariant mass spectrum. The enhancement can be fit
with an -wave Breit-Wigner resonance function with a resulting peak mass of
and a
narrow width that is at the 90% confidence level.
These results are consistent with published BESII results. These mass and width
values do not match with those of any known meson resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics
Characterization of High-Fat, Diet-Induced, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis with Fibrosis in Rats
An ideal animal model is necessary for a clear understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and mechanisms of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and for facilitating the design of effective therapy for this condition. We aimed to establish a rat model of NASH with fibrosis by using a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were fed a HFD consisting of 88 g normal diet, 10 g lard oil, and 2 g cholesterol. Control rats were fed normal diet. Rats were killed at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after HFD exposure. Body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat weight were measured. Serum levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined. Hepatic histology was examined by H&E stain. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by VG stain and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and alpha-smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA). The liver weight and liver index increased from week 4, when hepatic steatosis was also observed. By week 8, the body weight and epididymal fat weight started increasing, which was associated with increased serum levels of FFA, cholesterol, and TNF-α, as well as development of simple fatty liver. The serum ALT level increased from week 12. Steatohepatitis occurred from weeks 12 through 48. Apparent hepatic perisinosodial fibrosis did not occur until week 24, and progressed from week 36 to 48 with insulin resistance. Therefore, this novel model may be potentially useful in NASH study
Multi-scale digital soil mapping with deep learning
We compared different methods of multi-scale terrain feature construction and their relative effectiveness for digital soil mapping with a Deep Learning algorithm. The most common approach for multi-scale feature construction in DSM is to filter terrain attributes based on different neighborhood sizes, however results can be difficult to interpret because the approach is affected by outliers. Alternatively, one can derive the terrain attributes on decomposed elevation data, but the resulting maps can have artefacts rendering the approach undesirable. Here, we introduce ‘mixed scaling’ a new method that overcomes these issues and preserves the landscape features that are identifiable at different scales. The new method also extends the Gaussian pyramid by introducing additional intermediate scales. This minimizes the risk that the scales that are important for soil formation are not available in the model. In our extended implementation of the Gaussian pyramid, we tested four intermediate scales between any two consecutive octaves of the Gaussian pyramid and modelled the data with Deep Learning and Random Forests. We performed the experiments using three different datasets and show that mixed scaling with the extended Gaussian pyramid produced the best performing set of covariates and that modelling with Deep Learning produced the most accurate predictions, which on average were 4–7% more accurate compared to modelling with Random Forests
Intelligent negotiation model for ubiquitous group decision scenarios
Supporting group decision-making in ubiquitous contexts is a complex task that must deal with a large amount of
factors to succeed. Here we propose an approach for an intelligent negotiation model to support the group decision-making process
specially designed for ubiquitous contexts. Our approach can be used by researchers that intend to include arguments, complex
algorithms and agents' modelling in a negotiation model. It uses a social networking logic due to the type of communication
employed by the agents and it intends to support the ubiquitous group decision-making process in a similar way to the real process,
which simultaneously preserves the amount and quality of intelligence generated in face-to-face meetings. We propose a new look
into this problematic by considering and defining strategies to deal with important points such as the type of attributes in the multicriteria
problems, agents' reasoning and intelligent dialogues.This work has been
supported by COMPETE Programme (operational
programme for competitiveness) within project
POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043, by National Funds
through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a
Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology) within the Projects
UID/CEC/00319/2013, UID/EEA/00760/2013, and
the João Carneiro PhD grant with the reference
SFRH/BD/89697/2012 and by Project MANTIS -
Cyber Physical System Based Proactive Collaborative
Maintenance (ECSEL JU Grant nr. 662189).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Expression in Antennae and Reproductive Organs Suggests a Dual Role of an Odorant-Binding Protein in Two Sibling Helicoverpa Species
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) mediate both perception and release of semiochemicals in insects. These proteins are the ideal targets for understanding the olfactory code of insects as well as for interfering with their communication system in order to control pest species. The two sibling Lepidopteran species Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta are two major agricultural pests. As part of our aim to characterize the OBP repertoire of these two species, here we focus our attention on a member of this family, OBP10, particularly interesting for its expression pattern. The protein is specifically expressed in the antennae of both sexes, being absent from other sensory organs. However, it is highly abundant in seminal fluid, is transferred to females during mating and is eventually found on the surface of fertilised eggs. Among the several different volatile compounds present in reproductive organs, OBP10 binds 1-dodecene, a compound reported as an insect repellent. These results have been verified in both H. armigera and H. assulta with no apparent differences between the two species. The recombinant OBP10 binds, besides 1-dodecene, some linear alcohols and several aromatic compounds. The structural similarity of OBP10 with OBP1 of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, a protein reported to bind an oviposition pheromone, and its affinity with 1-dodecene suggest that OBP10 could be a carrier for oviposition deterrents, favouring spreading of the eggs in these species where cannibalism is active among larvae
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