Breton versus British Spiders: Are They So Different?

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Réalités sanitaires et perspectives thérapeutiques des produits issus de la vigne

Cette thèse a pour but d'évaluer la dualité des effets du vin sur l'organisme avec, d'un côté, de multiples vertus thérapeutiques et, de l'autre côté, une action toxique par sa teneur en éthanol. Dans la 1ère partie, l'auteur décrit les différentes étapes qui conduisent à la fabrication du vin rouge et détaille ses caractéristiques chimiques. Dans une 2ème partie, les effets bénéfiques du vin et de ses composés sont abordés au travers des données actuelles de la recherche épidémiologique et expérimentale (in vitro, in vivo). Ces effets sont contrebalancés par l'action délétère d'une consommation excessive de vin pouvant conduire à l'alcoolisme. Enfin, dans une 3ème partie, les usages médicinaux du vin et des extraits du vin, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'à nos jours, seront évoqués, avec une attention toute particulière pour les gammes de produits actuellement disponibles sur le marché tels que les compléments nutritionnels et les cosmétiques.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Phenological and meteorological determinants of spider ballooning in an agricultural landscape

International audienceSpiders are known to commonly use aerial dispersal, so-called ballooning, especially at juvenile stages. They produce a silk thread that allows them to rise up in the air to disperse, which serves as inbreeding avoidance or to find an optimal over-winter habitat. Studies of phenology, species and meteorological factors associated with aerial dispersal have been limited to laboratory settings, with few data obtained under natural settings and no studies to date executed in France. To understand aerial dispersal, we conducted daily sampling between 2000 and 2002 at a height of 12 m. For adults, high proportions of "ballooners'' were observed during four seasonal peaks, with dispersal most prevalent during summer, while for juveniles dispersal was protracted across summer and fall. Linyphiidae is the most abundant family among the 10,879 individuals caught. We show a significant and negative influence of high wind speeds on ballooning, an effect that increased even under low temperatures (< 19 degrees C). At wind speeds greater than 4 m.s (1) dispersal becomes difficult, and is almost impossible beyond 5.5 m.s (1). Ballooning ability is reported for the first time for several species. This study increases our knowledge on aerial dispersal in spiders in an agricultural context. Such behaviour can be seen as a survival strategy to escape from a disturbed and unstable landscape. (C) 2016 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

A comparison of two widely used methods for estimating taxonomic and functional diversities of epigeal arthropods in some temperate grasslands

International audienceSuction sampling is increasingly being used to estimate abundance and diversity of epigeal arthropods, yet no study has quantified its efficiency simultaneously assess at different taxonomic functional scales. Here, we evaluated the this method (G‐Vac) relative pitfall (Barber) trap, which been for a long time, their possible complementarity. To do that, compared several metrics wide range arthropod taxa, with particular focus on spiders (species level), using traits such as trophic diet, hunting guild, body size. Sampling took place in some coastal grasslands Brittany (France) spatially paired design vacuuming unfenced trapping. In total, 21159 arthropods were identified order or family levels, including 1018 adult species. was more efficient than trapping collecting phytophagous web‐builders, small species living vegetation detritivores, large‐bodied near soil surface. We conclude that short‐term G‐Vac suction interesting obtain ‘snapshot’ patterns richness. However, assessing diversity, are complementary methods

Validation of Eustiromastix guianae (Caporiacco, 1954) (Araneae, Salticidae) with a first description of the female, and additions to the salticid fauna of French Guiana

In this paper, we validate the doubtful species status of E. guianae, with redescriptions of (supposedly lost) type and holotype males, and a first description of the female. Both sexes are measured and illustrated by pictures of habitus and copulatory organs. Seventeen new salticid species for French Guiana are also reported and a detailed catalogue of all salticid species from the Trinité National Nature Reserve is provided

Description of a new species of Hypaeus (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Amycini) based on integrative taxonomy

International audienceA new species of Hypaeus Simon 1900 is described from French Guiana based on both sexes, Hypaeus olympeae sp. nov. We employed morphological evidence, field observation, as well as the mitochondrial COI rapidly evolving loci to confirm that both males and females belong to the same species. Finally, nine species are newly recorded for the salticid fauna of French Guiana, Cyllodania fasciata (Caporicaco, 1954) syn. nov. is considered junior synonym of Gypogyna forceps Simon, 1900 and 12 COI sequences corresponding to four previously unsequenced Hypaeus species are added to GenBank

Spider assemblage structure in a neotropical rainforest-inselberg complex: ecological and methodological insights from a small-scale intensive survey

International audienceDespite the huge diversity tropical arthropods represent, factors shaping their communities are still poorly known, especially at small spatial scales. In this study, we aimed at providing ecological and methodological insights from a short and intensive field sampling of spiders, a highly diverse group of predators. We investigated how sampling methods, habitat type and day-time affect diversity and composition of spider assemblages. The standardized sampling protocol was applied in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, where both ground- and vegetation-dwelling (up to 2.5 meters) assemblages were sampled during day and night using supposedly complementary methods at low and high (granitic hills called inselbergs) elevations. Observed and estimated richness of vegetation-dwelling spiders, as well as their species composition, did not differ between methods (sweep netting vs. beating). Species richness was much lower in pitfall traps than in litter samples, which suggests a low mobility of ground-dwelling spiders and reveals the inadequacy of the former method compared to the latter. Spider assemblage in the vegetation of inselberg was two times poorer than in lowland forests and dominated by different families, probably due to harsher habitat conditions there. Strongly different patterns were here highlighted between vegetation and ground-dwelling spider assemblages, the latter being less diversified than in the vegetation which deserves further attention

Biomechanical and functional comparison of moulded and 3D printed medical silicones

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Grande rupture de versant rocheux dominant le village d'Argentière (massif des Aiguilles Rouges) – Résultats préliminaires

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