Update in laparoscopic approach to acute mesenteric ischemia

AMI is an uncommon but serious disease often associated with a bad prognosis, associated with occlusion of Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) for embolism or thrombosis (67.2%), mesenteric venous thrombosis (15.7%), and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (15.4%). Clinical markers are often aspecific and symptoms low suggestive. The gold standard for the diagnosis is multidetector CT Angiography (CTA) with sensibility of 93.3% and specificity of 95.9%. Abdominal exploration could be useful to confirm cases of AMI without signs of SMA occlusion at CTA. Few reports have been found on the diagnostic role of Exploratory Laparoscopy. To increase the sensibility of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of AMI in the last ten years, some studies had shown the possibility of using fluorescein to underline the bowel areas of interest by ischemia. The best of laparoscopy in AMI diagnosis remains the second look and bedside use (directly in ICU when possible) overall in patients with Aortic dissection type B (preferable chronic type). In a limited number of cases, it is possible to evaluate bowel perfusion laparoscopically and at the same time perform a laparoscopical bowel resection of residual ischemic segments. However, laparoscopic primary access overall in AoD is an important tool for leading therapeutic decision and timing. Finally, laparoscopy may be a feasible alternative to CTA in patients with kidney failure that contraindicates injection of iodate CT contrast medium

Mutation in SUMO E3 ligase, SIZ1, Disrupts the Mature Female Gametophyte in Arabidopsis

Female gametophyte is the multicellular haploid structure that can produce embryo and endosperm after fertilization, which has become an attractive model system for investigating molecular mechanisms in nuclei migration, cell specification, cell-to-cell communication and many other processes. Previous reports found that the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase, SIZ1, participated in many processes depending on particular target substrates and suppression of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Here, we report that SIZ1 mediates the reproductive process. SIZ1 showed enhanced expression in female organs, but was not detected in the anther or pollen. A defect in the siz1-2 maternal source resulted in reduced seed-set regardless of high SA concentration within the plant. Moreover, aniline blue staining and scanning electron microscopy revealed that funicular and micropylar pollen tube guidance was arrested in siz1-2 plants. Some of the embryo sacs of ovules in siz1-2 were also disrupted quickly after stage FG7. There was no significant affects of the siz1-2 mutation on expression of genes involved in female gametophyte development- or pollen tube guidance in ovaries. Together, our results suggest that SIZ1 sustains the stability and normal function of the mature female gametophyte which is necessary for pollen tube guidance