Photoactivation Strategies for Therapeutic Release in Nanodelivery Systems

Control of therapeutic release constitutes one of most critical aspects considered in the design of nanoscale delivery systems. There are a variety of cellular factors and external stimuli employed for release control. Of these, use of light offers various photoactivation mechanisms that enable to effectively engage in therapeutic release. It also allows a higher degree of spatial and temporal control. Over recent decades, the application of photoactivation strategies has seen remarkable growth and made a significant impact on rapid advances in the field of drug delivery. This Review aims to summarize the fundamental concepts and practical applications demonstrated recently in numerous therapeutic areas from cancers to infectious diseases. Its scope is defined by a focus on those photoactivation strategies that occur via either linker cleavage, nanocontainer gating, or disassembly. Each of these is discussed with specific examples and underlying mechanisms that comprise linker photolysis, photoisomerization, photothermal heating, or photodynamic reactions with reactive oxygen species. In summary, this Review provides an inclusive summary of new developments and insights obtained from recent progress in photoactivation strategies and their applications in therapeutic nanodelivery.Photoactivation constitutes one of the major release mechanisms applied in therapeutics delivery systems. The strategy consists primarily of linker photolysis, photoisomerization, photothermal activation, or photodynamic reaction. Recently, of nanotherapeutic delivery system have found application in various disease areas. This Review addresses recent achievements and challenges in the development of photoactivation release systems.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163427/2/adtp202000117.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163427/1/adtp202000117_am.pd

Axial charges of octet and decuplet baryons

We present a study of axial charges of baryon ground and resonant states with relativistic constituent quark models. In particular, the axial charges of octet and decuplet $N$, $\Sigma$, $\Xi$, $\Delta$, $\Sigma^*$, and $\Xi^*$ baryons are considered. The theoretical predictions are compared to existing experimental data and results from other approaches, notably from lattice quantum chromodynamics and chiral perturbation theory. The relevance of axial charges with regard to $\pi$-dressing and spontaneous chiral-symmetry breaking is discussed

Quantitative understanding of magnetic vortex oscillations driven by spin-polarized out-of-plane dc current: Analytical and micromagnetic numerical study

We studied magnetic vortex oscillations associated with vortex gyrotropic motion driven by spin-polarized out-of-plane dc current by analytical and micromagnetic numerical calculations. Reliable controls of the tunable eigenfrequency and orbital amplitude of persistent vortex oscillations were demonstrated. This work provides an advanced step towards the practical application of vortex oscillations to persistent vortex oscillators in a wide frequency (f) range of 10 to 2000 MHz and with high values of f/(delta f).Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

Total Reflection and Negative Refraction of Dipole-Exchange Spin Waves at Magnetic Interfaces: Micromagnetic Modeling Study

We demonstrated that dipole-exchange spin waves traveling in geometrically restricted magnetic thin films satisfy the same laws of reflection and refraction as light waves. Moreover, we found for the first time novel wave behaviors of dipole-exchange spin waves such as total reflection and negative refraction. The total reflection in laterally inhomogeneous thin films composed of two different magnetic materials is associated with the forbidden modes of refracted dipole-exchange spin waves. The negative refraction occurs at a 90 degree domain-wall magnetic interface that is introduced by a cubic magnetic anisotropy in the media, through the anisotropic dispersion of dipole-exchange spin waves.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Coupled-channels analyses for 9,11^{9,11}Li + 208^{208}Pb fusion reactions with multi-neutron transfer couplings

We discuss the role of two-neutron transfer processes in the fusion reaction of the $^{9,11}$Li + $^{208}$Pb systems. We first analyze the $^{9}$Li + $^{208}$Pb reaction by taking into account the coupling to the $^{7}$Li + $^{210}$Pb channel. To this end, we assume that two neutrons are directly transferred to a single effective channel in $^{210}$Pb and solve the coupled-channels equations with the two channels. By adjusting the coupling strength and the effective $Q$-value, we successfully reproduce the experimental fusion cross sections for this system. We then analyze the $^{11}$Li + $^{208}$Pb reaction in a similar manner, that is, by taking into account three effective channels with $^{11}$Li + $^{208}$Pb, $^{9}$Li + $^{210}$Pb, and $^{7}$Li + $^{212}$Pb partitions. In order to take into account the halo structure of the $^{11}$Li nucleus, we construct the potential between $^{11}$Li and $^{208}$Pb with a double folding procedure, while we employ a Wood-Saxon type potential with the global Aky\"uz-Winther parameters for the other channels. Our calculation indicates that the multiple two-neutron transfer process plays a crucial role in the $^{11}$Li + $^{208}$Pb fusion reaction at energies around the Coulomb barrier