Gündelik Ahlaka Kuramsal Bakışlar: “Durun Ben Size Bir Hikaye Anlatayım”

This paper discusses some theoretical and methodological deficiencies in morality psychology in understanding everyday morality and some possible methods to overcome. Morality theories using both the deductive approach and hypothetical dilemmas, especially thoe that are distant to ordinary life, have failed to understand everyday morality. Important structures such as context, culture, or language which affect how morality is constructed, given meaning, or transferred have had a very limited place in traditional morality theories. With the support of anthropological theories, contemporary theories which have had to consider cultural effects, still have not looked closely enough into natural morality conceptionalizations of the layperson. When these natural conceptualizations were investigated it was found that in daily life morality is handled in terms of personal characteristics instead of abstract moral principles. The paper suggests that the most appropriate approach to understanding everyday morality is to investigate these naturalistic conceptualizations.Bu yazıda ahlak psikolojisinin gündelik hayatın ahlakını anlama çabalarındaki gerek kuramsal gerek yöntemsel bazı eksikliklerine değinilecek ve olası bazı yöntemlerden bahsedilecektir. Ahlak kuramları, gerek tümdengelimci yaklaşımları gerekse de hipotetik ikilemler, özellikle de sıradışı hipotetik ikilemler gibi gündelik hayata uzak yöntemlerin kullanılması gibi sebeplerle gündelik ahlakın anlaşılmasında yeterince başarılı olamamıştır. Bağlam, kültür veya dil gibi ahlakın nasıl yapılandırıldığını, anlamlandırıldığını veya aktarıldığını etkileyen önemli yapılar, geleneksel ahlak çalışmalarında pek az yer tutmuştur. Antropolojik ahlak kuramlarının sağladığı açılımla kültürün etkisini de hesaba katmak durumunda kalan güncel ahlak kuramları, halen sıradan insanın ahlakı nasıl kavramsallaştırdığına yeterince eğilmemiştir. Doğal kavramsallaştırmalar incelendiğinde, gündelik hayatta ahlak meselesinin genel bazı ilkeler üzerinden değil bireysel özellikler ile ele alındığına dair bulgular mevcuttur. Gündelik ahlakı anlamanın belki en doğru yaklaşımlarından biri bu doğal kavramsallaştırmaları incelemektir

Role of cytological characteristics of benign thyroid nodules on effectiveness of their treatment with levothyroxine

Introduction: Levothyroxine (LT4) therapy has been used for the treatment of euthyroid nodular goiter, but there are controversial results about its usefulness. We aimed to evaluate the possible role of benign nodules’ cytological characteristics in response to LT4 therapy. Material and methods: In total, 93 patients with 128 nodules were included in the study; 74 of the nodules were treated with LT4 (group 1), and 54 of them had no medication (group 2). The subgroups consisted of adenomatous nodules, colloid nodules and cystic nodules. Results: In group 1, mean thyroid volume and mean nodule volume were reduced significantly (p = 0.002 and p = 0.022, respectively) with low-normal level thyrotropin (TSH) suppression (between 0.3 mIU/ml and 1.0 mIU/ml), while there were no significant changes in group 2. When we evaluated changes of the initial and last nodule volumes in cytological subgroups, only colloid nodules in group 1 had significant reduction (p = 0.040) and the others had no significant changes. By omitting the colloid nodules, when the other nodules were revaluated, there were no significant changes in either group. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, obtained from a large sample of Anatolian patients, it is possible that LT4 therapy leads to significant reductions of both thyroid volume and nodule size in colloid nodules, but not in other kinds of benign nodules

Modified pectoral nerve block versus bi-level erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Background Regional anesthesia techniques constitute an important part of successful analgesia strategies in the perioperative care of patients undergoing breast surgery. The advent of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia has led to the development of fascial plane blocks. The large array of blocks available for postoperative analgesia in breast surgery has increased the accessibility of regional anesthesia but has also created a dilemma of choice. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided modified pectoral nerve (PECS) block and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in patients undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods Seventy women were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind, randomized control trial. After exclusion, 67 female patients who underwent radical mastectomy were finally analyzed. Ultrasound-guided PECS blocks and ESPBs were performed with 30 ml 0.25% bupivacaine. Postoperative morphine and pain scores were compared between the groups. Results Postoperative total morphine consumption in the first 24 h was significantly higher in the PECS group (P < 0.001). The ESPB group exhibited significantly reduced morphine consumption at all postoperative time points. Numeric rating scale scores were lower in the ESPB group at 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively at rest and when coughing. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided bi-level ESPBs provided better postoperative analgesia than PECS blocks after radical mastectomy surgery

17 Ağustos Depremiyle İlgili Sorumluluk Atıfları

17 Ağustos Depremi sonrasında Deprem B&ouml;lgesinde ve depremi yaşamamış bir b&ouml;lgede y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;len bu &ccedil;alışmada, g&uuml;ndelik bilgi i&ccedil;erisinde sorumluluk atıfları incelenmiştir. Katılımcılar Deprem B&ouml;lgesi ve Depremi Yaşamamış iki b&ouml;lgeden, 7-12, 13-17, 18-22, 23-33, 34 ve &uuml;st&uuml; olmak &uuml;zere 5 yaş grubundan se&ccedil;ilmiştir. Toplam 180 katılımcının cevapları veri olarak kullanılmıştır. &Ccedil;alışmada araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan &uuml;&ccedil; anket kullanılmıştır. Depremin nedenlerinde hem doğal Nedenler hem de İlahi Nedenler Dışsal, Sabit ve Kontrol Edilemez g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. Hatalı Yapılanma Temasında ise katılımcıların bu nedeni b&uuml;y&uuml;k oranda yine Dışsal fakat Ge&ccedil;ici ve Kontrol Edilebilir olarak g&ouml;rd&uuml;kleri bulunmuştur. Sorumlulukla ilgili cevaplarda, hatalı yapılanmaya dikkat edilmesi, bilin&ccedil;lenme ve &ouml;nlem alınmasının &ouml;nemi ve yardımlaşma ve dayanışmanın rol&uuml; &ccedil;ok b&uuml;y&uuml;k oranda ifade edilmiştir. Sorumluluk temaları, katılımcıların ge&ccedil;miş depremle ilgili herhangi bir sorumluluk almak istemediklerini g&ouml;stermiştir