Efeitos de extratos pirolenhosos utilizados como tratamento de sementes sobre doenças da fase Inicial e crescimento de plântulas de Soja.

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Maintenance policy under multiple unrevealed failures

The unrevealed failures of a system are detected only by inspection. In this work, an inspection policy along with a maintenance procedure for multiunit systems with dependent times to failure is presented. The existence of an optimum policy is also discussed

Multivoicedness as a tool for expanding school leaders’ understandings and practices for school-based professional development

This article presents findings from the implementation of a pilot study of a professional development model, Schools Inquiring and Learning with Peers (SILP) in Chile. SILP includes a network learning setting involving a cluster of three schools supported by university partners that conduct peer reviews and a school learning setting involving school teams in conversations to mobilise new leadership for learning practices. The notions of joint practice development and multivoicedness in professional conversations are the essence of these processes. Data produced through the review process, understood as voices, enabled participants to incorporate the perspectives, conceptual horizon, and intentions of administrators, students, and teachers who need to collaborate for teaching to produce learning. Across schools we observed common learning as well as important differences. These differences show that by taking an active role in making sense of their participation in a professional development programme, learners achieve outcomes that may be much more meaningful than what program designers prescribed. As facilitators we learned with participants about their specific contexts, expanding the affordances they and we envisioned for the use of new tools that became available through their participation in SILP

Twenty six years of wheat breeding activities at IAPAR.

The description of the IAPAR wheat breeding program in its 26 th years of existence aims at presenting its major achievements giving an idea of the program size, breeding objectives and methodology. A germplasm flow chart will show the steps by which the populations have to follow starting either from crosses or from introductions until an advanced inbred line can be evaluated and elected as a new cultivar. A list of 23 wheat cultivars released by the program along with their pedigrees is presented as a special contribution. From the recent developed cultivars, data on grain yield, agronomic characteristics, technological quality and kernel properties are presented. The pedigree description for IAPAR 53 and the development of IPR 85 are presented in some detail. New biotechnological tools to help wheat breeding become more efficient are discussed

Poynting's theorem and energy conservation in the propagation of light in bounded media

Starting from the Maxwell-Lorentz equations, Poynting's theorem is reconsidered. The energy flux vector is introduced as S_e=(E x B)/mu_0 instead of E x H, because only by this choice the energy dissipation can be related to the balance of the kinetic energy of the matter subsystem. Conservation of the total energy as the sum of kinetic and electromagnetic energy follows. In our discussion, media and their microscopic nature are represented exactly by their susceptibility functions, which do not necessarily have to be known. On this footing, it can be shown that energy conservation in the propagation of light through bounded media is ensured by Maxwell's boundary conditions alone, even for some frequently used approximations. This is demonstrated for approaches using additional boundary conditions and the dielectric approximation in detail, the latter of which suspected to violate energy conservation for decades.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX4, changes: complete rewrit