Old-Age Support in Indonesia: Labor Supply, Intergenerational Transfers and Living Arrangements.

This is the first paper of which we are aware that attemps to formally model the supply-supply behavior of elderly individuals in a developing countryWithout broad-based public pension schemes, the majority of the elderly in developing countries are left to rely on their current and accumulated earnings and support from children as means of support.DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ; AGED ; PENSIONS

Do Coresidency with and Financial Transfers from Children Reduce the Need for Elderly Parents to Work in Developing Countries?

What drives the labor supply decisions of the elderly in developing countries? To what extent do elderly parents use coresidence with or financial transfers from children to reduce their own labor supply in old age? These questions are increasingly important because populations in many developing countries are rapidly aging. A clear understanding of the relationships between different means of support in old age is crucial to the development of sensible policy responses. This paper is one of only a few studies that seeks to formally model elderly labor supply in the context of a developing country while taking into account coresidency with and financial transfers from children. We find little evidence that support from children – either through transfers or coresidency – substitutes for elderly parents’ need to work. Thus, as in developed countries, there is a role for public policy to enhance the welfare of the elderly population.Intergenerational transfers, Old-age support, Elderly labor supply

A study of the relationship between self-esteem and high-risk sexual behaviors in college- aged black women

The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationship between self- esteem and high-risk sexual behaviors. This project aimed to determine if there was a significant difference in this relationship in Black females and non-Black females. Exploring self-esteem and high-risk sexual behaviors could enhance sexual health programs. A pilot survey was developed to measure high-risk behaviors, self-esteem and intentions of practicing safe sex. The survey was distributed via email to all female undergraduate students attending James Madison University during the Spring 2015 semester. SPSS was used to analyze the data collected. The participants of the study (n=268) were given scores based on their responses in the categories of risk behaviors, self-esteem and intentions. It was found that Black females have significantly higher self- esteem than their non-Black counterparts using the t-test (p=0.018). Findings of this study also suggested high-risk behavior and self-esteem have no correlation (p=0.051). High-risk behaviors and intentions to practice safe sex also had no correlation (p=- 0.014). Neither of these correlations were statistically significant and both were found using Pearson’s correlation. Of the 268 participants, only 21 were Black. In the future, a larger scale study where all races were equally represented may lead to more generalizable and significant results. Future studies on this topic should also examine the origin of high or low self-esteem

Old-Age Support in Developing Countries: Labor Supply, Intergenerational Transfers and Living Arrangements

Without broad-based public pension schemes, the majority of the elderly in developing countries are left to rely on their own current and accumulated earnings and support from children as means of old-age support. We develop a cooperative bargaining model that allows us to jointly estimate the determinants of coresidency, financial transfers from non-coresiding children, and the labor-supply of elderly Indonesians. We find that many Indonesians, especially men, continue to work well into old age even if they are living with their adult children. There is little evidence that transfers are a substitute for the income support provided by the elderly parent?s own labor supply. Transfers are associated with a decline in hours of work only for noncoresiding mothers. Furthermore, transfers are not strongly related to parental need or the ability of the child to give

Do coresidency with and financial transfers from children reduce the need for elderly parents to work in developing countries?

What drives the labor supply decisions of the elderly in developing countries? To what extent do elderly parents use coresidence with or financial transfers from children to reduce their own labor supply in old age? These questions are increasingly important because populations in many developing countries are rapidly aging. A clear understanding of the relationships between different means of support in old age is crucial to the development of sensible policy responses. This paper is one of only a few studies that seeks to formally model elderly labor supply in the context of a developing country while taking into account coresidency with and financial transfers from children. We find little evidence that support from children – either through transfers or coresidency – substitutes for elderly parents’ need to work. Thus, as in developed countries, there is a role for public policy to enhance the welfare of the elderly population

Old-age support in Indonesia: labor supply, intergenerational transfers and living arrangements

This is the first paper of which we are aware that attempts to formally model the supply-supply behaviour of elderly individuals in a developing country. Without broad-based public pension schemes, the majority of the elderly in developing countries are left to rely on their own current and accumulated earnings and support from children as means of support. Our cooperative bargaining framework allows us to jointly estimate the determinants of coresidence, financial transfers from non-coresiding children, and the supply-supply of elderly Indonesians as alternative forms of old-age support. We find that many Indonesians, especially men, continue to work well into old age and there is little evidence that financial transfers from Indonesian children are a substitute for the income support provided by the elderly parent’s own supply supply. Transfers are negatively related to normal weekly hours of work only for non-coresiding mothers

The assessment partnership –assessing student readiness to practice

Assessment is a critical component of the educational paradigm. Teaching, learning and assessment need to be aligned to optimise learning outcomes (Boud, 1995), and ensure graduates are safe and competent to practice in their professions (Eva, 2007; Holmboe et al. 2010; Van der Vleuten, 1996). In this session we will present and critically evaluate the roles of the student, the University, clinical supervisor/s, and the professional body in ensuring graduates' readiness to practice. In order to maximise their learning, students need to take active roles in the learning process. We will report on research on the use of ePortfolios in which students collected and presented evidence that demonstrated their competency. Embedded in this research were students' reflections around their learning. Assessment of clinical competency in the university environment has been criticised for lacking fidelity (ie: not being real, believable, or reflecting the work environment). Clinical employers want to be assured that graduates are "work ready". We will explore several creative, innovative, evidence-based strategies to increase the fidelity of university assessments so that assessors can be more assured of students' preparedness to enter the workplace. Clinical placements offer excellent opportunities to assess students' performance in the environments in which they will eventually work. Although having greater fidelity than the university setting, significant threats to the validity of assessment remain in these environments. Particularly concerning are: variability between supervisors' judgments, and the unpredictability of clinical workplaces such that we cannot ensure that all students experience placements of the same difficulty of challenge. In this section we will present and critically evaluate a range of workplace assessments, allowing participants to consider what might work in different environments. We will further discuss ways in which assessments might be changed to manage threats to validity