Text Line Segmentation of Historical Documents: a Survey

There is a huge amount of historical documents in libraries and in various National Archives that have not been exploited electronically. Although automatic reading of complete pages remains, in most cases, a long-term objective, tasks such as word spotting, text/image alignment, authentication and extraction of specific fields are in use today. For all these tasks, a major step is document segmentation into text lines. Because of the low quality and the complexity of these documents (background noise, artifacts due to aging, interfering lines),automatic text line segmentation remains an open research field. The objective of this paper is to present a survey of existing methods, developed during the last decade, and dedicated to documents of historical interest.Comment: 25 pages, submitted version, To appear in International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, On line version available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/k2813176280456k3

C-KIT expression in breast carcinoma and its correlation with TNM stage, grade and expression of ER, PR, HER2/NEU& BRCA1

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the c-kit (CD117) expression and its prognostic valueinvasive breast carcinoma and also to correlate its expression with grade of the tumor, TNM staging, ER, PR, Her2/neu & BRCA1 immunomarkers. Materials and methods: Our study was conducted from July 2011 to December 2012 in a tertiary care hospital, during this period we received a total of 80 modified radical mastectomy specimens of which ER, PR, Her2/neu and BRCA1 were done is 29 cases. Clicinopathological factors were evaluated in detail for these cases, C-Kit expression was analyzed by immunohischemistry method using Quick’s score and correlated with grade of the tumor, TNM staging, ER, PR, Her2/neu & BRCA1 markers. Results: Highest incidence of breast carcinoma was noted in 30 to 40 years of age group and 68.9% were below 50 years of age. Majority of the tumors were of high grade and of T2 stage, accounting to 72.5 % and 65.5% respectively, Lymph node metastasis was noted majorly in N2 category (41.3 %) and none showed distant metastasis. On molecular classification, majority of the tumors were of luminal A type followed by triple negative of 41.4% and 20.6 % respectively. 24.2 % of all the cases expressed C-kit among invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, higher grade, high tumor size, Luminal A and triple negative cases of molecular classification. Lack of C-kit expression was observed majorly in less than 50 years of age group, less tumor size &lymph node metastasis, Luminal B and HER2/Neu positive types on molecular classification. Statistical correlation was attained between C- Kit expression and ER, PR negativity and Her2/Neu positivity. Conclusion: C-Kit (CD117) expression needs to be assessed routinely for all invasive breast carcinoma, either negative or positive will have its prognostic and therapeutic implications respectively

One-Step Synthesis and Operando Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Characterization of Heterostructured MoP–Mo₂N Electrocatalysts for Stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

This study presents a novel synthesis of self-standing MoP and Mo2N heterostructured electrocatalysts with enhanced stability and catalytic performance. Facilitated by the controlled phase and interfacial microstructure, the seamless structures of these catalysts minimize internal resistivity and prevent local corrosion, contributing to increased stability. The chemical synthesis proceeds with an etching step to activate the surface, followed by phosphor-nitriding in a chemical vapor deposition chamber to produce MoP–Mo2N@Mo heterostructured electrocatalysts. X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of MoP, Mo2N, and Mo phases in the electrocatalyst. Morphology studies using scanning electron microscopy characterize the hierarchical growth of structures, indicating successful formation of the heterostructure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the as-synthesized and postcatalytic activity samples reveal the chemical shift in terms of the binding energy (BE) of the Mo 3d XPS peak, especially after catalytic activity. The XPS BE shifts are attributed to changes in the oxidation state, electron transfer, and surface reconstruction during catalysis. Electrochemical evaluation of the catalysts indicates the superior performance of the MoP-Mo2N@Mo heterostructured catalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), with lower overpotentials and enhanced Tafel slopes. The stability tests reveal changes in double layer capacitance over time, suggesting surface reconstruction and an increased active surface area during catalysis. Operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further elucidates the dynamic changes in resistance and charge transfer during HER. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical behavior of the developed MoP-Mo2N@Mo heterostructured electrocatalyst, as presented in this work, highlights its potential utilization in sustainable energy applications

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Not AvailableMaize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal food crop after wheat and rice, grown in an area of 9.2 million ha with the production of 30.2 million MT (DES, 2021). Pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens Walker is one of the major insect pests in the winter maize resulting in 25.7-78.9 percent yield losses (Siddiqui and Marwaha 1993). The larvae feed inside the leaf sheath in groups and subsequently bore into the central shoot resulting in the formation of dead hearts. Understanding the mechanisms of Host Plant Resistance (HPR) can provide an opportunity to manage PSB. HPR is an economically viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable strategy and is one of the most effective components of integrated pest management (IPM) modules. Understanding the plant-insect interactions is of utmost importance for developing effective pest management approaches. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study whether the resistance was inducted in response to plant-insect and/or non-insect interactions. Materials and methods The experiment was conducted in two different sets one each to record the response of genotypes upon PSB infestation and defense responses of the genotypes against different treatments in field and pot, respectively. To investigate the maize defense responses, five treatments were designed including insect and non-insect interactions namely (i) control (untreated plants) (ii) PSB larvae infestation, (iii) mechanical wounding, (iv) mechanical wounding plus PSB regurgitation, (v) exposure to methyl jasmonate. The treatments were imposed at two stages i.e.V3 and V6 stages in resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes. Maize genotypes were categorized The quantification of two major defense related cell wall bound phenolic compounds namely p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) and ferulic acid (FA) was carried out through ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC). The effect of induced treatments on p-CA and FA content at each sampling time were subjected to two-way ANOVA by using a general linear model (PROC GLM) using SAS version 9.3. Results and Discussion The p-CA content induced in leaf tissues of maize genotypes were intrinsically higher when challenged by PSB attack at V3 and V6 stages in short- and long-term responses. Higher p-CA content was observed in stalk tissues upon wounding and regurgitation in short- and long-term responses at V3 and V6 stages. Significant accumulation of FA content was also observed in leaf tissues in response to PSB feeding at V3 stage in long-term response while at V6 stage it was observed both in short- and long-term responses. In stalk tissues, methyl jasmonate induced higher FA content in short-term response at V3 stage. However, at V6 stage PSB feeding induced FA accumulation in the short-term while, wounding and regurgitation treatment-induced defense responses in the long-term. The study indicates that phenolic mediated defense responses in maize are induced by PSB attack followed by wounding and regurgitation and the response observed was more in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible ones. Breeding for the restoration of these defense chemicals or cross species transfer of defense metabolite production may harness the chemical defense capabilities of maize resulting in effective pest management.Not Availabl

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-