Influência da profundidade de plantio na propagação do gladíolo (Gladiolus grandiflorus) andr. cv. Snow Princess

A profundidade de plantio dos cormilhos influi na produção e qualidade do material de propagação. Em maiores profundidades, o peso médio por unidade produzida é maior. Para produzir bulbos dos tipos jumbo até o tipo 5, a profundidade de 7,3 cm foi a melhor. A profundidade de 5,6 cm foi melhor para quantidade. Maiores profundidades produzem menor cormilhos.The depth of planting cormels has influence on production and quality of propagation material. In bigger depth the average weight per unity planted is bigger. For production of corms type: jumbo untill type 5 the depth of 7.3 cm was the best one. The depth of 5.6 cm was the best for quality. Bigger depth produce less cormels

Propagação do gladíolo (Gladioius grandiflorus) andr. cv. Snow Princess: comportamento de seis tipos de materiais vegetativos, na produção de flores e material de propagação

Corms of the same cycle, with near weight and size, presented resembling behaviour for production of flowers, corms and cormels. Greater corms, type 1and 2showed better profit of flowers, corms and cormels than others types, decreasing this profit with the reduction of the size of corms per unity planted. In function of planted weight, the smallest units showed better profit.Bulbos de mesmo ciclo, com pesos e tamanhos próximos, apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes para a produção de flores, bulbos e cormilhos. Os bulbos maiores, tipos 1 e 2, tiveram melhor rendimento de flores, bulbos e cormilhos que os demais tipos, decrescendo esse rendimento com a redução do tamanho dos bulbos por unidade plantada. Em função do peso plantado, as unidades menores apresentaram melhor desempenho

Propagação do gladíolo (Gladiolus grandiflorus) andr. cv. Snow Princess: produção de material de propagação e flores pelos bulbos tipo jumbo e tipo 1

Corms of 2nd cycle, type jumbo with 84 g/unity and type 1 with 35 g/unity were compared. It was verified that: type jumbo had better profit in the production of: weight of corms, number of corms, lenght of stipe, lenght of spike and stipe of better quality. The type number 1 showed better profit for weight of corms planted by weight of corms and cormels harvest.Bulbos de 2° ciclo, tipo jumbo, com 84 g/unidade e tipo 1, com 35 g/unidade, foram comparados. Verificou-se que: o tipo jumbo teve melhor rendimento de: peso de bulbos; número de bulbos; comprimento da haste floral; comprimento da espiga floral e hastes florais de melhor qualidade. Otipo 1 apresentou melhor rendimento para peso de bulbos plantados por peso de bulbos e cormilhos colhidos

Variação de matéria seca e de nutrientes nas folhas e nos frutos, produção de ácido ascórbico e suco, em seis cultivares de citros, durante um ciclo

The experiment was carried out in a commercial citrus orchard located in Mogi-Guaçu (22° 22'S., 46° 56'WGr.), State of São Paulo, Brazil. Five orange types were studied: Cravo (Citrus reticulata Blanco); Hamlin (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck); Natal (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck); Valencia (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and Pera (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) and a tangerine Murcott (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Fruits were picked from 30 days after flowering to the peak of commercial harvest. Leaves nearest the fruits were collected at the same time as the fruits. Sampled material was used to determine: fruit dry weight, macronutrient and micronutrient concentration in the leaves, nutrient extraction by the fruits, juice production per fruit and ascorbic acid concentration in the juice. Fruit dry weight increased following the second month after flowering. Except for Cravo orange fruit dry weight decreased at the end of the cycle. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations in the leaves showed variations during fruit development. Rate of nutrient extraction in decreasing order was: K, N, Ca, Mg, P = S, Fe, B, Zn, Mn and Cu. The cultivar that exported the largest amount of nutrients was Pera followed by Hamlin = Cravo, Murcott, Valencia and Natal. Juice per fruit ranged between 43 and 95 mililiters whereas ascorbic acid concentration ranged between 30 and 95 miligrams per 100 mililiters of juice.De uma plantação de citros, com os cultivares T. Cravo (Citrus reticulata Blanco), L.Hamlin (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), T. Murcott (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), L. Natal (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, L. Valencia (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e L. Pera (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), situada na "Fazenda Sete Lagoas", no município de Mogi-Guaçu (22° 22% 46° 56'W.Gr.), em Latossolo Vermelho amarelo, fase arenosa, foram coletados frutos 30 dias após florescimento, até a idade da coleta comercial. No material coletado, foram determinadas a variação da matéria seca, a concentração dos macro e micronutrientes nas folhas adjacentes ao fruto, a extração de macro e micronutríentes pelos frutos, a produção de suco (ml) por fruto e a concentração de ácido ascórbico (mg/100 ml de suco). Concluiu-se que: 1. O aumento da matéria seca, intensifica-se a partir do segundo mês apos o florescimento; 2. Com exceção da T. Cravo, ocorre uma diminuição na produção de matéria seca no final do ciclo; 3. A concentração dos macro e micronutrientes nas folhas apresenta oscilações durante o desenvolvimento do fruto; 4. A ordem decrescente de extração de nutrientes é: K, N, Ca, Mg, P = S, Fe, B, Zn, Mn, Cu; 5. A capacidade de exportação de nutrientes pelos cultivares é, em ordem decrescente: L. Pera, L. Hamlin = T. Cravo, T. Murcott, L. Valencia, L. Natal; 6. A quantidade de suco produzido por fruto, oscila entre 43 a 95 ml; 7. A concentração de ácido ascórbico (mg/100 ml de suco), varia entre 30 a 95

Aminoácido do Eupatorium serratum sprengel

Our investigation have demonstred that amnoacids such as proline, L - glutamine, L - arginine, glutamic acid, isoleucine and others no identified aminoacids are present in a total plant aquous extract of Eupatorium serraton sprengel. Those aminoacids have been chromatographed by column and paper chromatography wich techniques have a valuable aid to analyse plant material

Insights into corrosion behaviour of uncoated Mg alloys for biomedical applications in different aqueous media

MgCa and MgGd series of alloys are often reported as promising candidates for biomedical applications. In the present study, cytotoxicity and corrosion behavior of Mg1Ca and Mg10Gd alloys in different electrolytes (NaCl, PBS, MEM) have been investigated in order to make a direct comparison and understand the mechanisms behind their performance. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to analyze corrosion processes depending on media composition, whereas X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate crystalline structure, phase composition and surface morphology of the corroded substrates after immersion in the different electrolytes. Moreover, cytotoxicity of the Mg alloys was assessed using the WST-1 reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays in L929 mouse fibroblasts. The electrochemical results showed that Mg1Ca has a lower degradation rate when compared to Mg10Gd, due to the lower microgalvanic effects and the presence of Ca as an alloying element. Furthermore, the corrosion activity is reduced in MEM, for both alloys, when compared to NaCl and PBS. The cytotoxicity assays revealed that Mg10Gd was cytotoxic in all the conditions tested, while the toxicity of Mg1Ca was low. Overall, these findings show that Mg1Ca alloy presents a higher corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and is a promising material to be used in biomedical implants.This work was financed by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (POCI), in the scope of the project MAGICOAT POCI-01-0145-FEDER016597/PTDC/CTM-BIO/2170/2014 and in the scope of the project CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/ MCTES. Furthermore, thanks are due to Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/MCTES for the financial support through national funds to EPI Unit (UIDB/04750/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Spatial and seasonal variations in the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane in stream sediments of eastern Amazonia

The stable carbon isotopic composition of methane (δ13 C-CH4) gas bubbles formed in the sediments of three Amazonian streams was determined over a 5-yr period. The study sites were two ' 'várzea' floodplain (Açu and Maicá) and one 'terra-firme' (Jamaraquá) streams. The δ 13C of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) from the surrounding vegetation and bottom sediments were also determined. The mean δ13C value of SOM was lower in the terra-firme (-29.6‰) than in the várzea stream (-23.8‰) as a result of less C4 plant deposition in the former. The δ 13C-CH4 values varied systematically both seasonally and spatially among the sites during all 5 yr of the study, in association with changes during hydrologic cycle. Overall, the variation in values of δ 13C-CH4 during the high water phase covered a narrower range of values, -63 to -56‰. Contrastively, during the low water phase the δ 13C-CH4 values for várzea and terra-firme streams are different and are in direct opposition. At this phase, the δ13C-CH4 at terra-firme stream is at least 20‰ depleted of 13C compared to várzea streams. Changes in organic matter sources, water levels and associated microbial degradation processes control the observed seasonal and spatial variations in net stable carbon isotopic composition of methane

Microglial Rac1 is essential for experience-dependent brain plasticity and cognitive performance

Microglia, the largest population of brain immune cells, continuously interact with synapses to maintain brain homeostasis. In this study, we use conditional cell-specific gene targeting in mice with multi-omics approaches and demonstrate that the RhoGTPase Rac1 is an essential requirement for microglia to sense and interpret the brain microenvironment. This is crucial for microglia-synapse crosstalk that drives experience-dependent plasticity, a fundamental brain property impaired in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Phosphoproteomics profiling detects a large modulation of RhoGTPase signaling, predominantly of Rac1, in microglia of mice exposed to an environmental enrichment protocol known to induce experience-dependent brain plasticity and cognitive performance. Ablation of microglial Rac1 affects pathways involved in microglia-synapse communication, disrupts experience-dependent synaptic remodeling, and blocks the gains in learning, memory, and sociability induced by environmental enrichment. Our results reveal microglial Rac1 as a central regulator of pathways involved in the microglia-synapse crosstalk required for experience-dependent synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

hERG, Plasmodium Life Cycle, and Cross Resistance Profiling of New Azabenzimidazole Analogues of Astemizole

Toward addressing the cardiotoxicity liability associated with the antimalarial drug astemizole (AST, hERG IC50 = 0.0042 μM) and its derivatives, we designed and synthesized analogues based on compound 1 (Pf NF54 IC50 = 0.012 μM; hERG IC50 = 0.63 μM), our previously identified 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole AST analogue. Compound 11 retained in vitro multistage antiplasmodium activity (ABS PfNF54 IC50 = 0.017 μM; gametocytes PfiGc/PfLGc IC50 = 1.24/1.39 μM, and liver-stage PbHepG2 IC50 = 2.30 μM), good microsomal metabolic stability (MLM CLint &lt; 11 μL·min-1·mg-1, EH &lt; 0.33), and solubility (150 μM). It shows a ∼6-fold and &gt;6000-fold higher selectivity against human ether-á-go-go-related gene higher selectively potential over hERG relative to 1 and AST, respectively. Despite the excellent in vitro antiplasmodium activity profile, in vivo efficacy in the Plasmodium berghei mouse infection model was diminished, attributable to suboptimal oral bioavailability (F = 14.9%) at 10 mg·kg-1 resulting from poor permeability (log D7.4 = −0.82). No cross-resistance was observed against 44 common Pf mutant lines, suggesting activity via a novel mechanism of action.</p

Spin Glass Behavior in RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10

The dynamics of the magnetic properties of polycrystalline RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 (Ru-1222) have been studied by ac susceptibility and dc magnetization measurements, including relaxation and ageing studies. Ru-1222 is a reported magneto-superconductor with Ru spins magnetic ordering at temperatures near 100 K and superconductivity in Cu-O2 planes below Tc ~ 40 K. The exact nature of Ru spins magnetic ordering is still debated and no conclusion has been reached yet. In this work, a frequency-dependent cusp was observed in ac susceptibility vs. T measurements, which is interpreted as a spin glass transition. The change in the cusp position with frequency follows the Vogel-Fulcher law, which is commonly accepted to describe a spin glass with magnetically interacting clusters. Such interpretation is supported by themoremanaent magnetization (TRM) measurements at T = 60 K. TRM relaxations are well described by a stretched exponential relation, and present significant ageing effects.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.