42 research outputs found

    Energy downconversion between classical electromagnetic fields via a quantum mechanical SQUID ring

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    We consider the interaction of a quantum mechanical SQUID ring with a classical resonator (a parallel LC tank circuit). In our model we assume that the evolution of the ring maintains its quantum mechanical nature, even though the circuit to which it is coupled is treated classically. We show that when the SQUID ring is driven by a classical monochromatic microwave source, energy can be transferred between this input and the tank circuit, even when the frequency ratio between them is very large. Essentially, these calculations deal with the coupling between a single macroscopic quantum object (the SQUID ring) and a classical circuit measurement device where due account is taken of the nonperturbative behavior of the ring and the concomitant nonlinear interaction of the ring with this device

    Persistent entanglement in the classical limit

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    The apparent difficulty in recovering classical nonlinear dynamics and chaos from standard quantum mechanics has been the subject of a great deal of interest over the last 20 years. For open quantum systems—those coupled to a dissipative environment and/or a measurement device—it has been demonstrated that chaotic-like behaviour can be recovered in the appropriate classical limit. In this paper, we investigate the entanglement generated between two nonlinear oscillators, coupled to each other and to their environment. Entanglement—the inability to factorize coupled quantum systems into their constituent parts—is one of the defining features of quantum mechanics. Indeed, it underpins many of the recent developments in quantum technologies. Here, we show that the entanglement characteristics of two 'classical' states (chaotic and periodic solutions) differ significantly in the classical limit. In particular, we show that significant levels of entanglement are preserved only in the chaotic-like solutions

    Noninvasive imaging of signals in digital circuits

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    In this article we describe the construction and use of a noninvasive (noncontact) electric potential probe to measure time delays of signals propagating through digital circuits. As we show, by incorporating such probes into a scanning microscope system we have been able to create time delay images of these signals.We suggest that future developments of this technique may lead to real time, high resolution imaging of digital pulses across complex very large scale integrated circuits

    Evaluation of sesamum gum as an excipient in matrix tablets

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    In developing countries modern medicines are often beyond the affordability of the majority of the population. This is due to the reliance on expensive imported raw materials despite the abundance of natural resources which could provide an equivalent or even an improved function. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of sesamum gum (SG) extracted from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum (readily cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa) as a matrix former. Directly compressed matrix tablets were prepared from the extract and compared with similar matrices of HPMC (K4M) using theophylline as a model water soluble drug. The compaction, swelling, erosion and drug release from the matrices were studied in deionized water, 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using USP apparatus II. The data from the swelling, erosion and drug release studies were also fitted into the respective mathematical models. Results showed that the matrices underwent a combination of swelling and erosion, with the swelling action being controlled by the rate of hydration in the medium. SG also controlled the release of theophylline similar to the HPMC and therefore may have use as an alternative excipient in regions where Sesamum radiatum can be easily cultivated

    Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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    The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti- algorithm with radius parameter and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from Sherpa and Pythia as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from Jetphox and Sherpa are compared to the measurements

    Measurement of W± and Z-boson production cross sections in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    See paper for full list of authors - 17 pages plus author list + cover pages (34 pages total), 5 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-03/International audienceMeasurements of the W±→ℓ±ΜW^{\pm} \rightarrow \ell^{\pm} \nu and Z→ℓ+ℓ−Z \rightarrow \ell^+ \ell^- production cross sections (where ℓ±=e±,Ό±\ell^{\pm}=e^{\pm},\mu^{\pm}) in proton-proton collisions at s=13\sqrt{s}=13 TeV are presented using data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb−1^{-1}. The total inclusive W±W^{\pm}-boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour branching ratios are σW+tot=11.78±0.02(stat)±0.32(sys)±0.59(lumi)\sigma_{W^+}^{tot}= 11.78 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.32 (sys) \pm 0.59 (lumi) nb and σW−tot=8.75±0.02(stat)±0.24(sys)±0.44(lumi)\sigma_{W^-}^{tot} = 8.75 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.24 (sys) \pm 0.44 (lumi) nb for W+W^+ and W−W^-, respectively. The total inclusive ZZ-boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio, within the invariant mass window 66<mℓℓ<11666 < m_{\ell\ell} < 116 GeV, is σZtot=1.97±0.01(stat)±0.04(sys)±0.10(lumi)\sigma_{Z}^{tot} = 1.97 \pm 0.01 (stat) \pm 0.04 (sys) \pm 0.10 (lumi) nb. The W+W^+, W−W^-, and ZZ-boson production cross sections and cross-section ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of experimental uncertainties, resulting in σW+fid/σW−fid=1.295±0.003(stat)±0.010(sys)\sigma_{W^+}^{fid}/\sigma_{W^-}^{fid} = 1.295 \pm 0.003 (stat) \pm 0.010 (sys) and σW±fid/σZfid=10.31±0.04(stat)±0.20(sys)\sigma_{W^{\pm}}^{fid}/\sigma_{Z}^{fid} = 10.31 \pm 0.04 (stat) \pm 0.20 (sys). Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and next-to-leading order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution function sets, are compared to these measurements

    Search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson or dark matter candidates produced in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Detector and electronic developments for scanning electron microscopy

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    2 volsSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D67901/86 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

    Electric potential probes - new directions in the remote sensing of the human body

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    In this paper we describe a new approach to the detection of human body electrical activity which has been made possible by recent advances in ultra-low-noise, ultra-high-input-impedance probes. As we demonstrate, these probes, which do not require a real current conducting path in order to operate, can be used non-invasively both on and off body. We present remarkable new data showing the application of these probes to the remote, off-body, sensing of the electrical activity of the heart at distances of up to 1 m from the body and to high-resolution electrocardiograms. We suggest that in the future such probes may form the basis of a radically new technology for measuring the dynamics of the human body as well as in non-contact, imaging systems for pre-emptive and diagnostic medicine
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