1,122 research outputs found
Precise Elevation Thresholds Associated with Salt Marsh–Upland Ecotones along the Mississippi Gulf Coast
Coastal marshes provide essential ecosystem services related to biodiversity, water quality, and protection from erosion. As increasing rates of relative sea-level rise affect many coastal marsh systems, a thorough understanding of marsh responses to sea-level change, particularly the migration of marsh–upland boundaries, becomes essential. The goal of this study was to determine precise elevation thresholds associated with coastal marsh, the marsh–upland ecotone, and upland plant communities along Mississippi’s Gulf of Mexico coast (diurnal, microtidal). Elevations (NAVD88) were measured using survey-grade Global Navigation Satellite System solutions integrated with high-precision leveling. Plant species were sampled at approximately 1-m intervals along each of thirty-three transects extending from intermediate marsh through the marsh–upland ecotone. Elevation thresholds associated with plant community change were determined based on relevant quartiles of the data. Probabilities of occurrence of each plant community type were computed for elevations at the centimeter scale. Results indicated transitions from marsh to ecotone and ecotone to upland at elevations of approximately 0.40 m and 0.60 m, respectively. Understanding the precise nature of these centimeter-scale dependencies of marsh vegetation on coastal elevation will facilitate spatial modeling of marsh transgression in response to sea-level rise, subsidence, changes in sediment flux, and land use change
Truthmakers and modality
This paper attempts to locate, within an actualist ontology, truthmakers for modal truths: truths of the form or . In section 1 I motivate the demand for substantial truthmakers for modal truths. In section 2 I criticise Armstrong’s account of truthmakers for modal truths. In section 3 I examine essentialism and defend an account of what makes essentialist attributions true, but I argue that this does not solve the problem of modal truth in general. In section 4 I discuss, and dismiss, a theistic account of the source of modal truth proposed by Alexander Pruss. In section 5 I offer a means of (dis)solving the problem
Kondo effect induced by a magnetic field
We study peculiarities of transport through a Coulomb blockade system tuned
to the vicinity of the spin transition in its ground state. Such transitions
can be induced in practice by application of a magnetic field. Tunneling of
electrons between the dot and leads mixes the states belonging to the ground
state manifold of the dot. Remarkably, both the orbital and spin degrees of
freedom of the electrons are engaged in the mixing at the singlet-triplet
transition point. We present a model which provides an adequate theoretical
description of recent experiments with semiconductor quantum dots and carbon
nanotubes
Wide Angle Polarization Analysis with Neutron Spin Filters
AbstractWe report substantial improvements in a compact wide angle neutron spin filter system that was recently employed on the Multi- Axis Crystal Spectrometer at the Center for Neutron Research at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. The apparatus consists of a cylindrical 3He polarizer cell and wide-angle 3He analyzer cells, a vertical solenoid to provide a uniform magnetic field, and a shielded radio-frequency solenoid for the polarizer cell. Nuclear magnetic resonance is employed to reverse the polarization in the polarizer cell and monitor the 3He polarization in all cells. The first experiment using this apparatus was carried out with cylindrical analyzer cells with limited angular coverage due to low polarizations in fused quartz cells. We present results for aluminosilicate glass analyzer cells that cover 110 ∘ and have long relaxation times (100h to 400h). Using two 100W diode bars spectrally narrowed with chirped volume Bragg gratings, we have obtained 65% - 80% 3He polarization in these cells. The 3He polarization has been measured by neutron transmission and electron paramagnetic resonance. Additional progress includes an improved holding field solenoid and decreased spin-flip losses
The Cauchy problems for Einstein metrics and parallel spinors
We show that in the analytic category, given a Riemannian metric on a
hypersurface and a symmetric tensor on , the metric
can be locally extended to a Riemannian Einstein metric on with second
fundamental form , provided that and satisfy the constraints on
imposed by the contracted Codazzi equations. We use this fact to study the
Cauchy problem for metrics with parallel spinors in the real analytic category
and give an affirmative answer to a question raised in B\"ar, Gauduchon,
Moroianu (2005). We also answer negatively the corresponding questions in the
smooth category.Comment: 28 pages; final versio
The ZZ' kinetic mixing in the light of the recent direct and indirect dark matter searches
Several constructions, of stringy origins or not, generate abelian gauge
extensions of the Standard Model (SM). Even if the particles of the SM are not
charged under this extra , one cannot avoid the presence of a kinetic
mixing between and the hypercharge . In this work, we
constraint drastically this kinetic mixing, taking into account the recent
experimental data from accelerator physics, direct detection and indirect
detection of dark matter. We show that the region respecting WMAP and
experimental constraints is now very narrowed along the pole line where
, being the gauge boson associated to the extra
.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, final version to appear in JCA
Plasmonic excitations in noble metals: The case of Ag
The delicate interplay between plasmonic excitations and interband
transitions in noble metals is described by means of {\it ab initio}
calculations and a simple model in which the conduction electron plasmon is
coupled to the continuum of electron-hole pairs. Band structure effects,
specially the energy at which the excitation of the -like bands takes place,
determine the existence of a subthreshold plasmonic mode, which manifests
itself in Ag as a sharp resonance at 3.8 eV. However, such a resonance is not
observed in the other noble metals. Here, this different behavior is also
analyzed and an explanation is provided.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Exact Hypersurface-Homogeneous Solutions in Cosmology and Astrophysics
A framework is introduced which explains the existence and similarities of
most exact solutions of the Einstein equations with a wide range of sources for
the class of hypersurface-homogeneous spacetimes which admit a Hamiltonian
formulation. This class includes the spatially homogeneous cosmological models
and the astrophysically interesting static spherically symmetric models as well
as the stationary cylindrically symmetric models. The framework involves
methods for finding and exploiting hidden symmetries and invariant submanifolds
of the Hamiltonian formulation of the field equations. It unifies, simplifies
and extends most known work on hypersurface-homogeneous exact solutions. It is
shown that the same framework is also relevant to gravitational theories with a
similar structure, like Brans-Dicke or higher-dimensional theories.Comment: 41 pages, REVTEX/LaTeX 2.09 file (don't use LaTeX2e !!!) Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Spin-Charge Separation in the Model: Magnetic and Transport Anomalies
A real spin-charge separation scheme is found based on a saddle-point state
of the model. In the one-dimensional (1D) case, such a saddle-point
reproduces the correct asymptotic correlations at the strong-coupling
fixed-point of the model. In the two-dimensional (2D) case, the transverse
gauge field confining spinon and holon is shown to be gapped at {\em finite
doping} so that a spin-charge deconfinement is obtained for its first time in
2D. The gap in the gauge fluctuation disappears at half-filling limit, where a
long-range antiferromagnetic order is recovered at zero temperature and spinons
become confined. The most interesting features of spin dynamics and transport
are exhibited at finite doping where exotic {\em residual} couplings between
spin and charge degrees of freedom lead to systematic anomalies with regard to
a Fermi-liquid system. In spin dynamics, a commensurate antiferromagnetic
fluctuation with a small, doping-dependent energy scale is found, which is
characterized in momentum space by a Gaussian peak at (, ) with
a doping-dependent width (, is the doping
concentration). This commensurate magnetic fluctuation contributes a
non-Korringa behavior for the NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate. There also
exits a characteristic temperature scale below which a pseudogap behavior
appears in the spin dynamics. Furthermore, an incommensurate magnetic
fluctuation is also obtained at a {\em finite} energy regime. In transport, a
strong short-range phase interference leads to an effective holon Lagrangian
which can give rise to a series of interesting phenomena including linear-
resistivity and Hall-angle. We discuss the striking similarities of these
theoretical features with those found in the high- cuprates and give aComment: 70 pages, RevTex, hard copies of 7 figures available upon request;
minor revisions in the text and references have been made; To be published in
July 1 issue of Phys. Rev. B52, (1995
A terminal assessment of stages theory : introducing a dynamic states approach to entrepreneurship
Stages of Growth models were the most frequent theoretical approach to understanding entrepreneurial business growth from 1962 to 2006; they built on the growth imperative and developmental models of that time. An analysis of the universe of such models (N=104) published in the management literature shows no consensus on basic constructs of the approach, nor is there any empirical confirmations of stages theory. However, by changing two propositions of the stages models, a new dynamic states approach is derived. The dynamic states approach has far greater explanatory power than its precursor, and is compatible with leading edge research in entrepreneurship
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